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BapJw {]kn² BwK-teb Ihn hneyw thÀUvkvhÀ¯v Ccp\qdn¡q-Sp-X hÀj-§Ä¡p ap¼v A¡m-e¯p XpSÀ¶p t]m¶XnÂ\n¶p hyXy-kvX-amb ssienbn Ihn-X-I-sf-gpXn. Cu ssieo-amäw hnh-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v Ihn-Xm-k-am-l mc¯nsâ- ( Zn endn-¡Â _Ãm-Uvkv) ]ckyw F¶ coXn-bn At±lw Xs¶ 1798  BapJw Fgp-Xn. 1800  BapJw hni-Z-ambn Fgp-Xn. 1802  aq¶m-as¯ ]Xn¸n AXv ]cnjvI-cn-¨p. At±-lw Fgp-Xnb Bap-J-¯n\v ]n¶oSv hfsc {]m[m-\y-ap-­mbn F¶Xv bmYmÀ°yw. AXp-t]mse ]e Øe¯pw ]e {]mh-iyw NÀ¨ sNbvX Nne Imcy-§Ä¡v IqSp-X hyàX hcp-¯p-¶X - n\v Ct¸mÄ {ian-¡p-Ib - m-Wv. hnhn[ taJ-e-I-fn s]s«¶v amä-§Ä kw`-hn-¨p-sIm­n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp kaq-l-¯n-emWv \mw Pohn-¡p-¶-Xv. Cu amä-§Ä¡-\p-k-cn¨v amdm³ \mw s]mXpth {]bm-k-s¸-Sp¶p. C¶p \mw t\cn-Sp¶ shÃp-hn-fn-Isf F§s\ ssIImcyw sN¿Ww F¶ Imcy-¯n Nne Nn´-I-fmWv Cu ]pkvX-I¯n \n§-fp-ambn ]¦p hbv¡p-¶-Xv. ChnsS Fgp-Xn-bn-cn¡p-¶Xv A]qÀW-hp-am-Wv. CXn-t\mSv FÃm-hcpw tbmPn-¡W-sa-¶n-Ã. F¶m hyXy-kvX-ambn IqSp-X Nn´n-¡Ww F¶ Imcy-¯n XÀ¡-ap-­m-Inà F¶p hniz-kn-¡p-¶p. CXn sXämbn hymJym-\n-¡s¸Sm-hp¶ Imcy-§Ä Nq­n¡m-Wn-¡p-I. AXv Xncp-¯p-¶-Xn\v Xbm-dm-Wv. CXv sa¨-s¸Sp-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ \n§-fpsS A`n{]mb-§fpw \nÀt±-i-§fpw Adn-bn-¡Wsa¶pw A`yÀ°n-¡p¶p.

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\½psS Npäp-]mSpw \S-¡p¶ kw`-h-§Ä ]cn-tim-[n¨m a\p-jy\p {]tbm-P-\-apÅ {Inbm-ß-I-amb Imcy-§Ä hfsc Ipd¨p am{Xta \S-¡p-¶pÅp F¶p ImWmw. hne-tbdnb \½psS ka-bhpw hn`-h-§fpw \mw th­ coXn-bn D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶n-Ã. ]e-t¸mgpw hyà-amb e£y-an-Ãm-¯X - n\m ]e-t¸mgpw F´p sN¿-W-sa¶pw F§s\ sN¿-Wsa¶pw Adn-bmsX Aeªp Xncn-bp-¶p. e£y-¯n \n¶p \mw hyXn-N-en¨p t]mIp-¶p. ]eÀ¡pw e£yw t]mep-an-Ã. Hcp-]mSv BfpIÄ \ncm-i-cm-Wv. sshIm-cnI {]Xn-I-c-W-§Ä aqew ]e-t¸mgpw {]iv\§ - Ä IqSp-X cq£-am-Ip-¶p. IpSpw_-§-fnepw tPmen Øe§fnepw C§-s\-sbms¡ kw`-hn¨p- sIm-­n-cn-¡p¶p. kvIqÄ Ip«n-IÄ¡v Hcp ¢mkv FSp--¡-W-sa¶v Bhiy-s¸«v Hcp A[ym-]I þ c£m-IÀ¯r kwL-S\ - b - nse AwK§Ä Fs¶ kao-]n¨p. Ip«n-I-fqsS Hfn-t¨m-«w, Bß-lXy, XpS-§nb Imcy-§-fm-bncp¶p hnjbw. F ]n, bp ]n ¢mknse Ip«n-I-tfmSv Cu hnj-b-§sf¸än F´mWp ]dbpI? Ip«n-I-fpsS Hfn-t¨m-«-¯n-\pw ab¡p acp-¶p-]-tbm-K¯n\pw Bß-l-Xybv¡pw ]e- Imc-W-§Ä D­tÃm. Ip«nI-tfmSp Xs¶ Cu hnj-b-§-sf-¸än kwkm-cn-¡mw. AXp am{Xw t]mc-tÃm. amXm-]n-Xm-¡t- fmSpw A[ym-]I - t- cmSpw Chsb-¸än kwkm-cn-Ww. ]e-t¸mgpw Ahcpw \nk-lm-b-cm-Wv. ]e amXm]nXm-¡fpw ]e Imc-W-§-fm kvIqfn hcpIbpan-Ã. At¸mÄ F´p sN¿pw? ]Xnt\gmw \qäm-­n Pohn-¨n-cp¶ tPm¬ hnÂtam«v ]dªp: “Ip«n-Isf hfÀ¯p¶ Imcy-s¯-¸än Ieym-W¯ - n\p ap¼v F\n¡v Bdp kn²m-´-§-fp-­m-bn-cp-¶p. Ct¸mÄ F\n¡v Bdp Ip«n-I-fp-­v, Hcp kn²m-´-hp-an-Ã.”1 {]mtbmKnI Pohn-X-¯n Imcy-§Ä \S-¯p-¶-Xn-\pÅ _p²n-ap-«pIÄ CXn \n¶p a\-Ên-em-¡mw.

BapJw

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tUm. FtUzÀUv Un t_mtWm-bpsS ]mc-e Xn¦nwKv (Parallel thinking)2 F¶ ]pkvXIw bmZr-Ñn-I-am-bmWv Hcp ]pkvXI-¡-S-bn Rm³ ImWp-¶-Xv. AXn\p ap¼v ]{X-¯n h¶ Hcp teJ-\-¯n¡qSn-bmWv Un t_mtWm-sb- BZyw Adnbp¶-Xv. Um\n-b tKmÄam³ Fgp-Xnb Ctam-j-W Câ-en-P³kv (Emotional Intelligence)3 F¶ ]pkvX-Ihpw bmZr-Ñn-I-am-bmWp Rm³ I­-Xv. Cu c­p t]cpsSbpw Bi-b-§Ä Fs¶ hfsc kzm[o-\n-¨p. ]n¶nSv (The Essential Drucker)4 F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯neqsS Fs¶ kzm[o-\n¨ Hcp hyàn ]oäÀ F^v {U¡À BWv. Ch-cpsS Bi-b§ - Ä Ipd-s¨-¦nepw \½psS Pohn-X¯ - n \S-¸m-¡p-hm³ Ign-ªm AXp henb hnP-b-am-bn-cn¡psa¶v _Ôp-¡-fpsSbpw kplr-¯p-¡-fp-sSbpw Fsâbpw A\p-`-h-§fn \n¶p ]Tn¨p. CXv aäp-Å-h-cp-ambn ]¦p hbv¡-W-sa¶ B{Klt¯msSm¸w kplr-¯p-¡-fpsS t{]mÕm-l-\hpw Cu ]pkvX-I-sagp-Xp-¶Xn\p {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn.

C§-s\-sbmcp ]pkvXIw Fgp-Xp-¶ F\n¡v CXn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä FÃmw {]mtbm-Kn-Ia - m-¡p-hm³ Ignªn-«pt­m F¶ kwibw ]eÀ¡pw D­m-Imw. Iment^mÀWnb bqWn-th-gvk n-än-bn sskt¡m-fPn hn`mKw s{]m^-kd- m-b t]mÄ FIvam³ Fgp-Xnb Why Kids Lie5 F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯n Hcp kw`hw hnh-cn-¡p¶p: t]mÄ FIvam³ Ccp-]Xp hÀj-t¯mfambn \pWsb-¸än Kth-jWw \S¯pI-bm-bncp¶p. Hcn-¡Â At±ls¯ Adn-bn¡msX ]Xnaq¶p hb-kpIm-c\mb aI³ Hcp ]mÀ«n \S-¯pIbpw At±lt¯mSp \pW ]d-bpIbpw. sNbvXp. At±-la - -dn-ªmtWm ]mÀ«n \S-¯n-bXv F¶p `mcy tNmZn-¨-t¸mÄ ‘AsX’ F¶v At±lw `mcy-tbmSp \pW ]d-ªp. A§s\ aI³ \pW ]d-ªXpw kzbw \pW ]d-ªXpw \pWsb-¸än Kth-jWw \S-¯n-s¡m-­n-cp¶ At±-ls¯ eÖn-¸n¨p. {]mtbm-Kn-I-

16

ambn Fs´- ¦ nepw sNt¿­n hcp- t ¼m- Ä D­m- Ip¶ {]bmkw a\-Ên-em-bntÃ? HcmÄ Hcp ]pXnb hoSv ]Wn-bn--¨p. AhnsS Xmakw XpS-§p-¶X - nsâ `mK-ambn kplr-¯p-¡sf ho«n-te¡p £Wn¨p. hoSn-s\-¸-än-bpÅ Ah-cpsS ImgvN-¸mSv ]e-Xm-bn-cp¶p: “hoSv sNdp-Xm-bn-t¸mbn” “hoSv hep-Xm-bn-t¸mbn. C{Xbpw th­m-bn-cp-¶p.” “Hcp s_Uv dqw IqSn D­m-bn-cps¶¦n \¶m-bn-cp¶p” “ASp-¡f Ipd¨p IqSn hep-Xm¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p.” “Ipfn-ap-dn-bn Ipd¨p IqSn B[p-\nI kuIcyw BIm-am-bncp¶p.” C§s\ hyXykvX A`n-{]m-b-§Ä D­m-sb¦nepw kplr-¯n\v Hcp hoSv thWw F¶ Imcy-¯n A`n-{]m-bhy-Xymkw CÃm-bn-cp¶p. AXp-t]mse Cu ]pkvX-I-¯n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§-fn ]eÀ¡pw A`n-{]mb hyXymk-ap-­m-Im-sa-¦nepw \mw t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\§ - Ä¡p ]cnlmcw ImWpI AYhm {]iv\-§sf Hgn-hm¡n apt¶m«p t]mIpI F¶ Imcy-¯n A`n-{]mb hyXymkw D­m-Ip-sa¶p tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. Cu ]pkvXIw hmbn¨p Ign-bp-t¼mÄ CXn ]d-ªncn-¡p¶ GsX-¦n-ep-samcp Imcy-s¯-¸änsb¦nepw IqSp-X Nn´n-¡Ww F¶ tXm¶Â \n§Ä¡p-­m-hp-Ibpw \n§Ä IqSp-X Nn´n-¡p-Ibpw sNbvXm Rm³ IrXmÀ°-\m-bn.

Cu ssI¸p-kvXIw F§s\ D]-tbm-Kn-¡Ww? 

Cu ]pkvX-I-¯n Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xn sXtä-Xv, icntbXv F¶v t\m¡n XÀ¡n¡p-¶X - n\p ]Icw km[m-c-Wambn ImWp- ¶ - X n \n¶pw hyXy- k vX-ambn F´mWpÅXv F¶p ImWp-hm³ {ian-¡p-I. AXn\p ]Icw \n§fpsS ImgvN¸ - m-Sns\ \ymbo-I-cn-¡p¶ coXnbn am{Xw CXns\ ImWp-hm³ {ian-¨m \n§Ä \n§fpsS kabw \jvS-s¸Sp¯p-I-bm-bn-cn-¡pw sN¿pI.

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 Cu ssI¸p-kvXIw \n§-fpsS ssIbn Xs¶ kq£n¡pI.  CS-bv¡n-Sbv¡p hmbn¡p-I. CXn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ ]e Imcy-§fpw \n§Ä¡v Adn-bm-hp-¶X - m-bn-cn-¡pw. F¶mepw CXp hmbn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ah-bn IqSp-X {i²n¡phm³ km[n-¡pw.  Cu ]pkvX-I-¯n ]e Imcy-§fpw BhÀ¯n¨p ]dªn-«p-­v. Ign-hXpw Hmtcm `mK-¯n\pw ]qÀWX D­mbn-cn-¡p-¶X - n\pw Imcy-§f - psS {]m[m\yw FSp¯p ImWn¡p-¶-Xn\pw th­n-bmWv A§s\ sNbvXn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.  CXn Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä hfsc \Ã-XmWv F¶ A`n{]mbw ]d-ª-Xp-sIm­p am{Xw \n§Ä¡p bmsXmcp {]tbm-P-\hpw In«p-I-bn-Ã. Cu ]pkvXIw kq£va-X-tbmsS D]-tbm-Kn-¨m FÃm-hÀ¡pw Fs´¦nepw {]tbm-P\w In«pw F¶p XoÀ¨.  CXn ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä hmbn-¨Xn-\p-tijw Ahsb¡p-dn¨p Nn´n-¡p-I. At¸mÄ Cu ]pkvXI - ¯ - n ]dªn«n-Ãm¯ ]e Bi-b-§fpw \n§Ä¡p cq]o-I-cn¡p-hm³ km[n-¡pw.  Cu ]pkvX-I¯ - n ]d-ªn-cn-¡p¶ Imcy-§Ä {]mtbmKn-I-am-¡p-hm\mbn ho«n-epw hnZym-e-b-¯nepw Ifn-Øe¯pw ]e {]mhiyw Ch D]-tbm-Kn¨v AsXmcp ioe-am¡phm³ {ian-¡p-I.  Nn´n-¡p-hm³ ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xn A[ym-]-IÀ¡pw c£mIÀ¯m-¡Ä¡pw kp{][m\ ]¦p- hln¡mw. AhÀ¡p XmXv]-cy-ap-­m-bn-cn-¡-Ww F¶p am{Xw. CXp ]Tn-¸n-¡p¶Xv {]tbm-P-\-{]-Z-amsW¶ tXm¶epw AhÀ¡p-­m-IWw.

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1 {]iv\§Ä “]Tn- ¡ m³ ]dªp tZjy- s ¸- « - X n\v ¹kv Sp hnZymÀ°n\n Bß-lXy sNbvXp.” “hoSp P]vXn sN¿m³ F¯n-b-t¸mÄ hnjw Ign¨ ho«½ acn-¨p; aIÄ Bip-]-{Xnbn” “ISw aqew A½bpw aI\pw Poh-s\m-Sp-¡n.” “c­p s]¬a-¡sf sIm¶v Aѳ Xq§n acn-¨p.” “sht«ä Z¼-Xn-Ifn `À¯mhv acn-¨p.” Zn\w {]Xn ]{X¯m-fp-I-fn Øm\w ]nSn- ¡ m- d pÅ hmÀ¯- I - f n Nne- X m- W n- h . \mw C¶p t\cnSp¶ {]iv\-§-fpsS Hcwiw am{X-amWv apI-fn sImSp¯n- c n- ¡ p- ¶- X v. ab¡p acp- ¶p- I - f p- s Sbpw Aan- X - a mbn samss_ t^m¬ D]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶-Xn-sâbpw {]iv\-§Ä thsd. Chsbms¡ \½psS IpSpw-_-§-fn-sebpw kaq-l-¯nsebpw ss\cm-iy-¯n-sâbpw ho­p-hn-Nm-c-an-Ãm-bva-bp-sSbpw t\sc hnc Nq­p-¶p. \nb-{´Wwhn« a\pjy hnImc hnkvt^m-S-\-§-sf-bmWv Ch ImWn-¡p-¶-Xv. ]W-¡m-cmbmepw ]mh-s¸-«-h-cm-bmepw C¶s¯ Ip«n-IÄ ap³X-e-ap-dsb-¡mÄ sshIm-cn-Ia - mbn IqSp-X hnj-an-¡p--¶p F¶v A\pam-\n¡mw. C¶v \sÃmcp iX-am\w Bfp-IÄ hnj-®cpw Hä-s¸-«-hcp-am-Wv. \ne-hn-epÅ Cu Ah-Øbv¡v ]cn-lmcw ImtW-­X - p-­v. ‘Ctam-j-W Câ-en-P³kv’ F¶ ]pkvX-I-¯n Um\n-b tKmÄam³ A{Iahmk-\-bpÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS kz`mh-s¯-¸-änbpw AhÀ¡v t\cn-tS­n hcmhp¶ {]iv\-§-sf-

{]iv\-§Ä

19

¸-änbpw hnh-cn-¡p-¶p-­v.1 A{Iahmk-\-bpÅ Ip«n-I-fpsS IpSpw_ ]Ým-¯ew ]cn-tim-[n-¨mÂ, amXm-]n-Xm-¡-fn \n¶v Ah-K-W\bpw ]cp-j-amb s]cp-am-ähpw ITn\ in£Ifpw amdn amdn A\p-`-hn-¨n-«p-Å-h-cmWv Ah-cn ]ecpw F¶p ImWp-hm³ km[n-¡pw. Iq«p-Imsc AIm-c-W-ambn i{XpXm at\m-`m-ht- ¯msS t\m¡p-¶p F¶p-ÅXmWv C¡q«-cn ImWp¶ kmÀh-{Xn-I-amb Hcp sshIeyw. tIm]w h¶p Ign-ªm AhÀ¡p {]Xn-I-cn-¡p-hm³ Hä hgntb DÅp þ B{I-an-¡p-I. CÃm¯ `ojWn Ds­¶p [cn-¨psIm­v AhÀ {]Xn-Icn-¡p-hm³ Hcp-s¼-t«-¡mw. DZm-l-c-W¯n\v Ifn-¨p-sIm-­n-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ hcp¶ \nÊm-c-amb Hcp sXäns\ AhÀ h©-\bmbn ImWp-Ibpw Ipäm-tcm-]-W¯nepw XÃp IqS-enepw Ah-km-\n-¡p-Ibpw sN¿pw. aäpÅ Ip«n-IÄ A`n-{]mb hyXym-k-§Ä ]cn-l-cn-¡p-hm³ A\p-cRvP-\-¯n\pw hn«phogvNbv¡pw X¿m-dm-hp-t¼mÄ A{I-akz`m-h-apff Ip«n-IÄ I¿q-¡n-s\bpw Ak`yw ]d-¨n-en-s\bpw B{i- b n- ¡ p- ¶ p F¶v ]T- \ - § Ä sXfn- b n- ¡ p- ¶ - X mbn tKmÄam³ ]d-bp¶p. A{I-akz-`m-h-apff Ip«n-Isf aäp-Å-hÀ tami-¡mcmbpw hg-¡m-fn-I-fmbpw ImWp-¶p. Ipä IrXy-§f - n-te-¡pÅ Bß\nb-{´-Wa - n-Ãm¯ Cu t]m¡v Ch-cpsS ]T-\¯ - n-epÅ ]nt¶m-¡m-hØ - bv¡p Imc-Wa - m-Ip-¶p. Ipä-s¸-Sp-¯epw AhK-W\ - bpw GIm-´X - bpw Chsc th«-bm-Sp-¶p. {ItaW ChÀ kaq-l¯ - n Hä-s¸-Sp-¶p. AXp-aqew \sÃmcp kplr-Xv_Ôw \ne-\nÀ¯p-hm³ ChÀ¡p km[n-¡p¶nÃ. Hu]-Nm-cnI hnZym`ym-k-¯n ]cm-Pn-X-cm-Ip¶ ChÀ Ae-k-cpw \nba \ntj[n-Ifpw kmaqly hncp-²cpw elcn ]ZmÀ°-§Ä¡v ASn-aIfpw Bbn¯oÀt¶-¡mw. Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (Bantam Books, 1995) 269-271

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]co-£bn amÀ¡p Ipdªp t]mbm Nne Ip«nIÄ ho«n sN¶p \pW ]d-bpw. A[ym-]-I³ ]nXm-hns\ hnfn¨p sIm­p hcp-hm³ ]d-bpw. A{]Imcw sNbvXn-sæn ASp¯ Znhkw ¢mkn Ib-äp-I-bn-Ã. Cu hnhcw ho«n Adnªm ASn In«pw. AXp-sIm­v IqSp-X Nn´n¡msX NneÀ Hfn-t¨m-Spw. Hcp ]t£ AhÀ kmaqlyhncp-²cpsS ssIIfn Bbn-cn¡pw s]Sp¶Xv. C§s\ ]e IjvS¸m-Sp-IÄ AhÀ¡v A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡­n hcpw. Nne-t¸mÄ AhÀ AI-s¸-Sp¶ sIWn-If - nÂ\n¶p Ic Ib-dp-hm³ km[n¨n-söpw hcpw. Ch-sbÃmw ]c- kv]c _Ô-apÅ {]iv\-§-fmWv. imkv{Xw ]ptcm-K-an-¡p-¶p. hyàn-_-Ô-§Ä¡v amä-§Ä kw`-hn-¨psIm­n-cn-¡p¶p. hyàn-_-Ô-¯nepw IpSpw-_- _Ô-¯nepw hnÅ IqSp-¶p, hnhm-l-¯n\p ap¼pw ]n\zpw DÅ {]iv\-§Ä IqSp-¶p. A{Iaw IqSp-X-embn ImWp-¶p. aZy¯nsâbpw ab-¡p-ac - p¶nsâbpw D]-tbm-Kw IqSp¶p. IqSpX-em-fp-IÄ {]ta-lw, AanX cà-k-½À±w, XpS-§nb tcmK§Ä _m[n¨v hnj-an-¡p-¶p. Npcp-¡-¯n tcmK-§-fpsS cq]hpw `mhhpw amdns¡m­n-cn-¡p¶p. Ah aqew \mw IqSpX Kuc-h-apÅ aäp {]iv\-§-fn-te¡v hgpXn hogp-¶p. ho­p- h n- N m- c - a n- à msX Imcy- § Ä sN¿p- ¶ - X ns\ sNdp¯p \n¡p-hm³ Ign-bpI F¶-Xnt\-¡mÄ auen-Iamb asämcp a\x-im-kv{X-]-c-amb ss\]pWyw Hcp ]t£ thsd Cà F¶mWv Um\n-b tKmÄamsâ A`n-{]mbw. Daniel Goleman, Emotional Intelligence (Bantam Books, 1995) 91 “There is perhaps no psychological skill more fundamental than resisting impulse. It is the root of all emotional self-control, since all emotions, by their very nature, lead to one or another impulse to act.” 1

{]iv\-§Ä

21

kzbw \nb-{´-W-¯n-sâ ASn-Øm\w Cu sNdp¯p \nev]n\pÅ Ign-hm-Wv.1

D]-tZiw am{Xw aXntbm? {]iv\-§Ä XcWw sN¿p-¶X - n\v km[m-c-W-ambn D]tZ-i§ - Ä In«pw: “FSp¯p NmSn H¶pw sN¿-cp-X.v ]Iz-Xt- bmsS Imcy-§Ä sN¿Ww, Nn´n¨p Imcy-§Ä sN¿Ww, hcpw hcm-bvI-IÄ F´m-sW¶v Btem-Nn-¡Ww, Bß-kw-b-a-\t¯msS Imcy-§Ä sN¿Ww.” CsXÃmw ]dbphm³ Ffp-¸am-sW-¦nepw a\pjykz`m-h¯ - nsâ {]tXy-IX sIm­pXs¶ Ch {]tbmK¯n sIm­phcp-hm³ \t¶ _p²n-ap-«m-Wv F¶v A\p-`hw Xs¶ km£n.

imkv{Xhpw a\pjy kz`m-hhpw imkv{X kmt¦-XnI cwK¯v Ahn-iz-k-\o-b-amb hfÀ¨ D­m-bn«p-­v. temI-¯nsâ GXp tImWn-ep-Å-hcpambpw Bi-b-hn-\n-abw \S-¯phm³ C¶v Ffp-¸-am-Wv. F¶m kt´m-j-I-c-amb hyàn_Ô-§Ä \ne\ndp-¯p¶-Xn-\p hfsc {]bmkam-Wv. BZy-t¯-Xv IW-¡p-I-fpsS ASn-Øm-\-¯n sN¿p¶p. kvIqfn ]Tn-¡p¶ IW¡p t]mse-bà {]mtbm-KnI PohnXw. kvIqfnse IW-¡n \ap¡v Bh-iy-apÅ hnh-c§Ä X¶n-«p-­m-hpw. AsÃ-¦n X¶n-«pÅ hnh-c§ - f - n \n¶v Ah I­p ]nSn-¡m-\m-hpw. ]t£ {]mtbm-KnI PohnX-¯n ]e {]iv\§fpw ]cn-l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\v {]tXyI kq{X-hm-Iy§Ä \ap¡p e`y-aà - . Bh-iy-amb hnh-c§ - Ä - FÃmw e`n¡pI-bpan-Ã. ]qÀW hnh-c-§Ä In«n-bn«v Fs´-¦nepw sN¿pI F¶Xv ]e-t¸mgpw {]mtbm-Kn-I-a-Ã. AXp-sIm­v e`y-amb Adnhv D]-tbm-Kn¨vv {]iv\§Ä XcWw sNt¿-­-Xp-­v.

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amä-§Ä AXn-thKw ]e taJ-eI - f - nepw {ZpX-KX - n-bn amä-§Ä D­mbn s - ¡m­n-cn-¡p-Ib - m-W.v C¶v IqSp-X Adn-hpIÄ e`y-am-W.v ]t£ hnZym-e-b-¯nepw tPmen Øe¯pw DÅ ]ncn-ap-dp¡w hÀ²n¨p hcn-I-bm-Wv. FÃmhÀ¡pw Ht«sd Xocp-am-\-§Ä FSp-t¡-­-Xp-­v. ]e kml-N-cy-§fpw s]s«¶p amdn-s¡m­n-cn-¡p-¶XpsIm­v Hcp {]iv\-¯n\v Hcn-¡Â I­ ]cnlmcw hyXykvX kml-N-cy-¯n kam\ {]iv\s¯ ]cnl-cn-¡p-hm³ DXIpw F¶p ]d-bp-hm³ km[n-¡p-I-bn-Ã. C¡m-e¯v ]pXnb {]iv\§ - Ä Xe s]m¡p-¶p. DZml-c-W-¯n-\v, Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIvkv taJ-e-bn CâÀs\äpw samss_ t^mWpw h¶-t¸mÄ s]s«-¶p-­mb hfÀ¨ sIm­v KpWhpw H¸w tZmjhpw D­v. samss_ t^m¬ Iymad, AÇoeNn{X{]Nm-c-W-¯n-\pÅ D]m-[n-bmbn amdns¡m-­n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. [mÀanI A[x]-X-\-¯nsâ DZm-l-cW-amb Cu lo\{]hr-¯n-bn D¶X hnZym-`ym-k-ap-Å-h-cpap-­v. samss_ t^mWnsâtbm aäp kmaqly am[y-a-§fp-sStbm D]-tbmKw \ntcm-[n-¡p-¶-Xp-sIm­v {]iv\w Xocp¶n-Ã. hml\ A]-IS- § - Ä D­m-Ip-¶X - p-sIm­v hml-\§ - Ä apgp-h³ \ntcm-[n-¡-W-sa¶p ]d-bp-¶-Xp- t]m-se-bm-Wn-Xv.

t]mjn-¸n-¡p¶ kmaqly _Ôw thWw ]e {]iv\§ - f - psSbpw ]cn-lm-c¯ - n\v Hcp s]mXp LSI- a p- ­ v. AXmWv t]mjn- ¸ n- ¡ p¶ kmaq- l nI _Ôw. kmaqly _Ô-§Ä¡v ]pXp-Po-h³ \ÂIn Ahsb ]ckv]cw ]cn-t]m-jn-¸n-¨v sa¨-s¸-Sp¯m³ a\p-jy\v a\p-jyt\mSv {Inbm-ß-I-ambn CS-]-g-Im³ Ign-b-Ww. {][m\ Imcy§Ä GsX-¶-dn-b-Ww. ]t£ CXn\v {]bmkw IqSn hcp-¶p. ImcWw, \½psS {i² ]X-dp-¶p. {][m\ Imcy-§-fn-te¡p

Xe-t¨m-dnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-co-Xn-bpw...

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{i² Xncn-¡msX A{]-[m\ Imcy-§n-te¡p Xncn-bp-¶p. a\p-jy³ a\p,-jy-t\mSv C]-S-]-g-Ip¶-Xn\v efn-X-ambn ]d-ªm c­p XSk§Ä Ds­¶p IW-¡m-¡mw. 1. `uXnI Imcy§Ä 2. b{´w

XSkw 1 `uXnI Imcy-§Ä kt´m-j-t¯msS Pohn¡p¶Xn\v `uXnI Imcy-§fn IqSp-X {i²n-¡Ww F¶ sXämb Hcp s]mXp [mc-Wb - n Du¶n AXn\v AanX {]m[m\yw sImSp¯p {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶-Xp-sIm­v hgn sXäp-¶p. hyàn-_-Ô§ - Ä¡v tIm«w X«p¶p. ]Ww Bh-iy-¯n\p thWw. ]Ww IqSp-t´mdpw B{Kl-§fpw IqSpw F¶v HmÀan-¡p-IbnÃ. kt´m-j-¯nsâ Afhp-tIm ]W-a-à F¶p a\-kn-em-¡m³ ]et¸mgpw Xmakn¨p t]mIp¶p. F®n-sb-®n-¡p-d-bp-¶n-Xm-bpÊpw a­n-a-­n-¡-tc-dp¶p taml-hpw... - ]q´m\w (Úm-\-¸m-\) `uXnI Imcy-¯n IqSp-X {i²n-¡p-t¼mÄ a\p-jyÀ X½n \à _Ôw Øm]n-¡-W-sa¶ Imcy-¯n \n¶v {i² amdp-¶p. hyàn-_Ô - § - Ä¡v tIm«w X«p-¶p. Chn-sSbpw ]q´m-\-¯n-te¡p (Úm-\-¸m-\) {i² Xncn-¡mw. IqSn-bÃm ]nd-¡p¶ t\c¯pw IqSn-bÃm acn-¡p¶ t\c¯pw at²y-bn-§s\ ImWp¶ t\c¯p aÕ-cn-¡p-¶-sX-´n\p \mw hrYm.

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UnUn-tdm«v F^Iväv {^©v XXz-Nn-´I - \ - m-bn-cp¶ sU\nkv UnUntdm Zmcn{Zy¯n Ign-ªn-cp-¶p. ]W-an-sÃ-¦nepw At±lw Adn-b-s¸Sp¶ Fgp-¯p-Im-c\ - m-bn-cp-¶p. aIsf IeymWw Ign-¨b - ¡ - m³ kv{Xo[\w sImSp-¡m³ \nhr-¯n-bn-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p.. djy³ N{IhÀ¯n\n C¡m-cyw Adn-ª-t¸mÄ At±-l¯ - nsâ sse{_dn ]Ww \ÂIn hm§n. [mcmfw ]Ww e`n¨ At±lw Hcp ]pXnb `wKn-bpÅ Nph¶ tae¦n hm§n. AXp ho«n sIm­ph-¶-t¸mÄ Xsâ aäpÅ ]gb km[-\-§Ä hfsc tami-am-sW¶v At±-l¯ - n-\p- tXm-¶n. ]pXnb tae-¦n-bp-ambn ]gb km[-\§ - Ä¡v Hcp tNÀ¨-¡p-dhv tXm¶n. DSs\ ]pXnb Hcp ]c-h-Xm\n hm§n. XpSÀ¶v ]pXnb inev]-§Ä sIm­v hoSv Ae-¦-cn-¨p. ASp-¡-f-bn ]pXnb tai hm§n. ]pXnb I®mSnbpw Itk-cbpw hm§n. C§-s\-bpÅ {]Xym-Lm-XapÅ hm§- e p- I sf UnUn- t dm«v F^Iväv (The Diderot Effect) F¶p ]d-bmw. Fs´-¦nepw ]pXn-bXv e`n¡pt¼mÄ IqSp-X ]pXnb km[-\-§Ä kzmb-¯-am-¡p¶ ØnXn-bn-te¡v \s½ \bn¡pw. At¸mÄ \ap¡v ap¼v Bh-iy-an-Ãm-¯Xv \mw AdnbmsX hm§pw. AXv IqSp-X {]iv\-§-fn-te¡v \s½ \bn¡pw. Cu hkvXpX a\-kn-em-¡n-bm Xs¶ A\m-h-iyamb hm§epw ]Ww sNe-hm-¡epw Hgn-hm-¡mw. AXp-sIm­v ]Ww sNe-em-¡p-¶-Xn\p ap¼v hm§Â AXym-h-iy-amtWm F¶v Nn´n-¡p-I. ]pXn-bXv hm§-cpXv F¶Ã ]d-bp-¶-Xv. FSp-¯p-Nm«w Hgn-hm-¡p-I. `uXn-Ia - mb t\«-¯n-\à {]m[m\yw sImSp-t¡-­X - v. ]cky-¯nse NXn-¡p-gn-bn hoWp t]mI-cp-Xv. Bh-iy-¯n\p km[\w hm§p-I, ]Ww D]-tbm-Kn-¡pI. aäp-Åh - -cn aXn-¸p-­m-¡m-\à - . kaq-l¯ - nse ]Zhn \ne-

Xe-t¨m-dnsâ {]hÀ¯-\-co-Xn-bpw...

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\n-dp-¯m-\-Ã. \n§-fpsS PohnXw sIm­v, Adnhp sIm­v aäp-Å-h-cn aXn-¸p-­m-¡m³ {ian-¡p-I, BÀ`mSw sIm­Ã. Ref: http://jamesclear.com/diderot-effect

XSkw 2 : b{´hpw a\p-jy\pw samss_ t^m¬, I¼yq-«À, Csa-bnÂ, Fkv Fw Fkv, t^kv_p-¡v, SznäÀ XpS-§nb Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-cW-§f - nepw am[y-a§ - fnep-amWv C¶s¯ Ip«n-If - psS {][m\ {i². Ah-cpsS {][m\ kplr-¯p-¡Ä b{´-§Ä BWv. a\-jy-t\m-Sn-W-§n-t¨-cp-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ AhÀ b{´-§-tfm-SnW-§n-t¨-cp-¶p. Ch s]s«¶v ]Tn¨v D]-tbm-Kn-¡p¶ a¡-sf¸än henb A`n-am-\-t¯msS amXm-]n-Xm-¡Ä ]d-bp-Ibpw sN¿p¶p. Bfp-It- fmSv CS-]g- I - p¶ kabw Ipd-bp-Ibpw Ce-Ivt{SmWnIv D]-I-c-W-§-fp-ambn CS-]-g-Ip¶ kabw IqSp-Ibpw sN¿p-¶p. \mw {]iv\-§-fn-te¡p t]mIp¶p F¶-Xn-\pÅ ap¶-dn-bn-¸m-WnXv. bYmÀ° temI¯v X§-fpsS Npäp-]mSpw F´mWv \S¡p-¶Xv F¶v Adn-bp¶ Imcy-¯nepw aäp-Å-h-tcmSv CS-]-gIp¶ Imcy-¯nepw C¶s¯ Ip«n-IÄ hfsc ]n¶m¡w t]mIp¶p. kmaq-lnI-_Ôw hfÀ¯m-\pw Imcy-am-{X-{]-kà-amb Imcy-§-fn {i²n-¡p-hm-\papÅ Ah-cpsS Ignhv Ipd-bp¶p. Ip«n-IÄ¡v ¢mkn {i²n-¡m³ Ign-bp-¶n-Ã. ^e-{]-Z-amb Imcy-§Ä {i²-tbmsS sN¿m³ Ign-bm¯ ØnXn hcp-¶p. apXnÀ¶-hsc kw_-Ôn¨pw CXp-t]m-sebpÅ {]iv\w cq£-am-Imw. Hcm-tfmSv Ipd¨p kabw {i²tbmsS kwkm-cn-¡m\pw Hcp tbmKw \S¡p-t¼mÄ AXn {i²n-¡m\pw Ign-bp-¶n-Ã.

26

Bi-b-hn-\n-a-b-¯n-\pw {]iv\-§sf t\cn-Sm-\pw Bhiy-apÅ Ignhv hfÀ¯m-\pÅ Ah-kcw Ipd-bp¶p. Hä-s¸S-ep-­m-Ip-¶p. am\-knI BtcmKyw \jvSs - ¸-Sp-¶p. aqey-apÅ icn-bmb Zni-bn-epÅ GIm-{KX CÃmsX hcp-¶p. A§s\ a\-kn\p iàn-bn-Ãm¯ Hcp Xe-ap-d D­mIp-¶p.

Ign-hp-IÄ sa¨-s¸-Sp-¯pI Hmtcm kml-N-cyhpw IW-¡n-se-Sp¯Xn\p tijw F´p sN¿-Wsa¶p Hmtcm-cp-¯cpw Xocp-am-\n-¡W - w. \n§Ä Hcp ImÀ HmSn-¡p-I-bmWv F¶p hnNm-cn-¡p-I. tdmUn¡qSn \S¶p t]mIp-¶-htcm aäp hml-\-§Ä HmSn-¡p-¶-htcm F´mWp sNt¿­sX¶p \ap-¡d - n-bm-sa-¦nepw AhÀ F´p sN¿p-sa¶p XoÀ¨-bn-Ã. NneÀ s]s«¶v tdmUv apdn¨p IS¡pw. Nne h­n-IÄ KXm-KX \nb-a-§Ä ]men-¡msX hcpw. Nne-t¸mÄ bm{X sN¿p¶ tdmUnsâ ØnXn hfsc ]cn-Xm]-Ic - a - m-bn-cn-¡pw. BI-kvan-Ia - mbn tdmUn XSkw t\cn-«m thsd hgn-bn¡qSn \n§Ä¡p bm{X XpS-tc­n ht¶¡mw. Cu km[y-X-Isfms¡ ap³Iq«n I­v h­n-tbm-Sn-¡p-hm³ \n§Ä Xbm-dm-bn-cn-¡-Ww. h­n \Ã-Xmbm am{Xw t]mcm, GXp kml-Nc - yhpw ssIImcyw sN¿p-hm\pw GXp XS-Êhpw XcWw sN¿p-hm\pw ss{UhÀ kaÀ°-\m-bn-cn-¡W - w. AXp-t]mse Pohn-X-¯n t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv\-§Ä XcWw sN¿p-hm\pÅ Ignhv Pohn-Xam-Ip¶ hml\w HmSn-¡p-¶-hÀ¡v D­m-bn-cn-¡W - w. {]mtbmKnI Pohn-X -¯n \mw t\cn-Sp¶ {]iv \- §Ä XcWw sN¿m\pÅ Ignhv ]eÀ¡pw Ipd-hmWv. Cu Ignhp hfÀ¯nsb-Sp-¡-Ww. AXn\p XSkw F´m-sW¶p t\m¡mw.

1

Edward de Bono, Teaching Thinking (Penguin Books, 1976)