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OJm‘ܶo am‘H¥$îU {‘eZÀ¶m AZoH$ emIm AmhoV. ^maV gaH$maV’}$ {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Mm OÝ‘{Xdg hm ¶wdH$ {XZ åhUyZ gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. CÎma H$mobH$Îmm {g‘bmn„r ¶oWo {X.12 OmZodmar 1863 amoOr åhUOoM nm¡f H¥$îU gá‘r, g§H«$m§VrÀ¶m {Xder {ddoH$mZ§Xm§Mm OÝ‘ Pmbm. ˶m§Mo Zmd Za|Ð R>odʶmV Ambo. dS>rb {dídZmW XÎm ho H$mobH$mVm Cƒ ݶm¶mb¶mV dH$sbmMo A°Q>Zu hmoVo. Vo gm‘m{OH$ Am{U Ym{‘©H$ ~m~rV nwamoJm‘r {dMmamMo Am{U X¶miy ñd^mdmMo hmoVo. AmB© ^wdZoídar Xodr ¶m Ym{‘©H$ d¥ÎmrÀ¶m hmo˶m. Za|ÐZmWm§À¶m {dMmagaUrbm AmH$ma XoʶmV ˶m§À¶m nmbH$m§Mm AZ‘mob dmQ>m hmoVm. Za|ÐZmWm§Zm Xe©ZemñÌo, B{Vhmg, g‘mOemñÌo, H$bm, gm{h˶ B˶mXr AZoH$ {df¶m§V éMr Am{U JVr hmoVr. doX, Cn{ZfXo, am‘m¶U, ‘hm^maV, ^JdVJrVm Am{X Ym{‘©H$ gm{h˶mV ˶m§Zr {deof AmdS> XmIdbr. ˶m§Zm emñÌr¶ g§JrVmMr XoIrb OmU hmoVr. ˶m§Zr ~oZr Jwám d Ah‘X ImZ ¶m CñVmXm§H$Sy>Z Jm¶Z-dmXZmMo arVga {ejUhr KoVbo. {H$emoamdñWonmgyZM Vo ì¶m¶m‘, Ioi AmXr CnH«$‘m§‘ܶo g{H«$¶ gh^mJ KoV. OwZmQ> A§YlÕm Am{U Om˶mYm[aV ^oX^md ˶m§À¶m d¡YVog§~§Yr ˶m§Zr bhmZ d¶mVM àíZ CnpñWV Ho$bo hmoVo. gmamgma {dMma d ì¶dhmar ÑpîQ>H$moZ ¶m§Mm AmYma Zgbobr Hw$R>brhr JmoîQ> ñdrH$maʶmg ˶m§Zr ZH$ma {Xbm hmoVm. {ddoH$mZ§X ho {‘Ì n[admamV {චhmoVo. ˶m§Mo {‘Ì Ë¶m§Zm {~bo ¶m ZmdmZo Va ˶m§Mo Jwê$ ZmoaoZ ¶m eãXmZo hmH$ ‘maV. ˶m§Zm dmMZ, ì¶m¶m‘, Hw$ñVr, ‘wpîQ>¶wÕ, nmohUo, hmoS>r dëhdUo, KmoS>oñdmar, bm{R>¶wÕ, Jm¶Z Am{U dmXZ B˶mXr N>§X hmoVo. Jwê$Xod am‘H¥$îUm§Zr Za|ÐZmWm§Zm g§Ý¶mgXrjm XoD$Z ˶m§Mo Zm‘H$aU ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X Ago Ho$bo. amOm A{OVqgJ IoÌr ¶m§Zrhr {X.10 ‘o 1893 amoOr ˶m§Zm {ddoH$mZ§X hoM Zmd {Xbo. ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X åhUOo ¶moÕm, g§Ý¶mgr, Am{U VéU {nT>rMo AI§S> àoaUmòmoV, Á¶m§Zr ’$º$ ^maVmVrbM Zmhr Va g§nyU© OJmVë¶m ¶wdm {nT>rg‘moa AmXe© R>odbm. gJio Xoe ^maVmH$S>o ‘moR>çm AmeoZo ~KV AmhoV. H$m? Va ^maV EH$ g§YrMm Xoe Amho. ¶m XoemV AZoH$ g§Yr AmO dmQ> ~KV AmhoV. OJ ^maVmH$S>o AmeoZo ~KV Amho. H$maU AmO Amnbm Xoe gdm©V VéU Xoe Amho. Á¶m XoemMr 65 Q>¸o$ bmoH$g§»¶m VéU Agob, 35 dfmªÀ¶m AmVbr Agob, Vmo Xoe {H$Vr ^m½¶dmZ Amho! Am‘À¶mH$S>o AmO H$moQ>r H$moQ>r ¶wdm OZVm Amho. {OWo hr VéUmB© AgVo, {VWo g§H$ënm§Zm H$mhr gr‘m ZgVmV, ~§YZo ZgVmV. H$Yr H$Yr Amnë¶m XoemV ¶wdH$m§À¶m doJdoJù¶m ì¶m»¶m EoH$m¶bm {‘iVmV. emñÌmnmgyZ AmOn¶ªV VéUmB©À¶m AZoH$ ì¶m»¶m Pmë¶m AmhoV. à˶oH$mMm Amnmnbm ÑîQ>rH$moZ AgVmo. AZoH$m§Zm d¶ hoM VméʶmMr AmoiI Amho, Ago dmQ>Vo. ¶wdm{nT>r åhUOo Zì¶m {dMmam§Mr Am{U AmYw{ZH$VoMr gm§JS> KmbyZ Amnbo åhUUo g‘mOmnwT>o ‘m§S>Umar Zì¶m OmoemMr {nT>r Amho. Iao nmhVm Amnë¶mbm {d{dY àH$maÀ¶m joÌmV Mm§Jbo ¶e nmXmH«$m§V H$aʶmMr gwdU© g§Yr Am{U nwaogm doi Amho. ^maVmÀ¶m EHy$U bmoH$g§»¶on¡H$s VéUm§Mr g§»¶m A{YH$ Amho. Vê$U åhUOo àM§S> CËgmh, H$mhrVar H$ê$Z XmIdʶmMr YS>nS> hmo¶. VéU åhUOo àM§S> Omoe, VéU åhUOo A’$mQ> BÀN>meº$s Aer {H$VrVar {deofU VéUm§Zm bmJy nS>VmV. OJmV VéUm§Mr g§»¶m A{YH$ Amho, ˶m‘wio {d{dY V§ÌkmZmV VéUm§Mr ^amar {dbjUr¶ Amho. H$Yr VéUmB©Mo nmD$b ^b˶mM {XeoZo nS>VmZm {XgV Amho. ˶mMo H$maU åhUOo ì¶gZmYrZVm, M§JidmX, gmoeb {‘S>r¶mMm A{VaoH$ AmXr AmhoV. hr VéU{nT>rbm bmJbobr dmidr Amho. Hw$R>ë¶mhr XoemMr àJVr hr {VWë¶m VéUm§da Adb§~yZ AgVo ˶m‘wio Amnë¶m Xoembm ^¸$‘ AmYma AmnU VéUM XoD$ eH$Vmo, ho à˶oH$mZo ܶmZmV KoUo JaOoMo Amho. {deofV… ^maVmMo gamgar d¶ ho 28 Amho. ˶m‘wio ^maV OJmVrb gdm©V VéU Xoe R>aVmo. ¶wdm dJm©Zo ñd:Vmbm Q>o³Zm°bm°Orer BVHo$ gwg§JV R>odbo Amho, H$s Vo OJmer AmoiI R>odyZ AmhoV. Hw$R>o H$m¶ KS>Vo¶ ho ˶m§Zm ‘mhrV AgVo. nU ¶mM Q>o³Zm°bm°Orer Vo BVHo$ ^md{ZH$ Jw§Vbo Jobo AmhoV, H$s ˶m‘wio {VWyZM ˶m§Zm Z¡amí¶hr ¶oVo. ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§XOtZr {X.4 Owb¡ 1902 amoOr H$mobH$m˶mOdirb ~obya ‘R>mV g‘mYr KoVbr. g‘mYrÀ¶m {Xder ˶m§Zr nhmQ>o ~obya ‘R>mV n[ad«mOH$m§Zm ew³b ¶Owd}XmMm nmR> {eH$dbm. ñdm‘r ào‘mZ§X ¶m Jwé~§Yy§g‘doV H$mhr H$mi {’$ê$Z ˶m§Zm am‘H¥$îU ‘R>mÀ¶m ^{dî¶mg§~§YmV H$mhr gyMZm Ho$ë¶m. ܶmZ H$aV AgVm§Zm amÌr ˶m§Zr g‘mYr KoVbr. Mmirg dfm©n¶ªV AmnU OJUma Zmhr, hr ñdV…Mr ^{dî¶dmUr Iar Ho$br. IaM AmnUM Amnbo ^{dî¶ KS>dm¶bm hdo. H$moUmdahr Adb§~yZ amhUo, ho ¶mo½¶ ZmhrM! !!ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§XOtZm O¶§Vr{Z{‘Îm {dZ‘« A{^dmXZ d {MaVéU ^maVmbm amîQ´>r¶ ¶wdm {XdgmÀ¶m àoaUmXm¶r hm{X©H$ ew^oÀN>m !! lrH¥$îUXmg (~mny) {Za§H$mar. (d¡^dembr ^maVmVrb Wmoa nwéfm§À¶m B{VhmgmMo JmT>o Aä¶mgH$ d {díbofH$.) CR>m, OmJo ìhm. Vmon¶ªV Wm§~y ZH$m...- ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X! H$monaJmd à{V{ZYr : ¶wdm, n¶m©daU, H¥$fr, gm‘m{OH$ EH$Vm, Amamo½¶ ¶m nmM C{ÔîQ>m§Zwgma g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZ Joë¶m AmR> dfmªnmgyZ gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ OnV {Z:ñdmWunUo H$m¶© H$aV Amho. g‘mOmbm g§OrdZr XoʶmMo {ddoH$^¡æ¶m {~nrZXmXm H$moëho ¶m§À¶m g§H$ënZoVyZ gwê$ Pmbobo ho H$m¶© A˶§V ‘mobmMo d H$m¡VwH$mñnX Amho. AmOÀ¶m YH$mYH$sÀ¶m ¶wJmV ‘mUgm- ‘mUgm§Vrb g§dmX g§nV Mmbbm AgyZ, ‘mUwgH$s d g§doXZerbVm bmon nmdV Amho. Aem n[apñWVrV g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZÀ¶m "OmJdy¶m Á¶moV ‘mUwgH$sMr' ¶m Q>°JbmB©Zà‘mUo g‘mOmV ‘mUwgH$sMr Á¶moV noQ>dUo hr H$mimMr JaO Amho, Ago à{VnmXZ "Pr Q>m°{H$O' ’o$‘ gwà{gÕ H$dr, ¶wdm ì¶m»¶mVo, g‘mOà~moYZH$ma d H$sV©ZH$ma A{dZme ^maVr ¶m§Zr Ho$bo.{d{dY gm‘m{OH$ CnH«$‘ am~dyZ g§nyU© ‘hmamîQ´>mV Amnbr doJir AmoiI {Z‘m©U Ho$boë¶m H$monaJmd ¶oWrb g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZMm AmR>dm dYm©nZ {XZ Jwédmar (12 OmZodmar 2023) ‘moR>çm CËgmhmV gmOam H$aʶmV Ambm. ¶m{Z{‘V A{dZme ^maVr ¶m§Mo ì¶m»¶mZ, {d{dY joÌmV C„oIZr¶ H$m‘{Jar Ho$boë¶m H$V¥©ËddmZ 춺$tMm gÝ‘mZ, aº$XmZ {e~ra AmXr H$m¶©H«$‘ g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZMo g§ñWmnH$ Aܶj, ¶wdm godH$ {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho ¶m§À¶m à‘wI CnpñWVrV H$be bm°ÝgÀ¶m g^mJ¥hmV Am¶mo{OV Ho$bo hmoVo. àma§^r à‘wI nmhþUo A{dZme ^maVr d {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho ¶m§À¶m hñVo Wmoa VÎdk ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZ§X, amO‘mVm {OOmD$ ‘m±gmho~ d ‘mOr ‘§Ìr, ghH$ma‘h{f© ñd. e§H$aamd H$moëho ¶m§À¶m à{V‘oMo nyOZ d ‘emb àÁd{bV H$aʶmV Ambr. H$V¥©ËddmZ 춺$tMm gÝ‘mZ ¶màg§Jr am§JmoirVyZ lr gmB©~m~m§Mo gdm©V bhmZ nmoQ´>}Q> gmH$mê$Z {díd{dH«$‘ àñWm{nV Ho$boë¶m lr‘Vr ‘gwXm Xmê$dmbm (gm‘m{OH$), d¡Hw§$R> aWMmbH$ AemoH$ ~moèhmS>o, JmoXm‘mB© à{Vð>mZMo Aܶj Am{XZmW T>mH$Uo, dQ> d¥j bmJdS> H$aUmao ‘YwH$a bú‘U Q>oHo$ (gmB© AmZ§X J«wn, dmar), d¥jào‘r d ñdÀN>Vm XÿV gwem§V KmoS>Ho$ (n¶m©daU), S´>°JZ ’«y$Q>Mr eoVr H$aUmao {IS>u JUoeMo XrnH$ ~m~mgmho~ damS>o (H¥$fr), amo{hV H$mbo, OJÞmW g§O¶ ‘mir, adtÐ Am~H$ (g|{ж Jwi, g§dËga), amo{hV Xd§Jo ({H$amUm ‘m°b), (¶wdm CÚmoOH$), Amamo½¶ godH$ Vm¡gr’$ H$ar‘ eoI (Amamo½¶), {‘{‘H«$s H$bmH$ma g§Xrn OmYd, ^mê$S> g‘«mQ> ^mZwXmg ~¡amJr d ghH$mar, JmoXmdar ZXr d S>m~am Zmë¶mV ~wS>Umè¶m§Zm OrdXmZ XoUmao àgmX bú‘rH$m§V g§dËgaH$a, gm¡a^ OmqbXa g§dËgaH$a, g{MZ ZmZmgmho~ g§dËgaH$a, AVwb em§Vmam‘ g§dËgaH$a, {H$aU AemoH$ {gZJa, H$mH$mgmho~ JmoaS>o, gmo‘ZmW Amhoa ({deof gÝ‘mZ), amîQ´>r¶ Am§Va {dÚmnrR> ~og~m°b ñnY}V H$m§ñ¶nXH$àmá ‘¶ya aUqeJ, ‘hmamîQ´> ~og~m°b g§KmV VrZdoim {ZdS> Pmbobr XþJm© AmìhmS> (H«$sS>m) ¶m§Zm ¶mdoir gÝ‘m{ZV H$aʶmV Ambo. àmñVm{dH$ d gyÌg§MmbZ am‘Xmg Jm¶H$dmS> ¶m§Zr Ho$bo, Va {gÕmW© gmR>o ¶m§Zr Am^ma ‘mZbo. {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho d g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZMo H$m¶© {XemXe©H$ -A{dZme ^maVr ì¶m»¶mVo A{dZme ^maVr ¶m§Zr OJXJwê$ g§V VwH$mam‘, g§V H$~ra ¶m§Mo A^§J, Xmoho d AZoH$ H${dVm§Mm g§X^© XoV d eãXm§Mr gw§Xa Jw§’$U H$aV Amnë¶m ^maXñV AmdmOmZo CnpñWVm§Mr ‘Zo qOH$br. AmoKd˶m e¡brVrb AmOMo ˶m§Mo ^mfU A˶§V à^mdr d àoaUmXm¶r R>abo. ‘r ^y{‘hrZ eoVH$è¶mMm, gmbJS>çmMm ‘wbJm d dmaH$ar g§àXm¶mMm nmB©H$ Amho. {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho ¶m§Zr Amnbo AmOmo~m ‘mOr ‘§Ìr, ghH$ma‘h{f© ñd. e§H$aamd H$moëho ¶m§À¶m nmdbmda nmD$b R>odV gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m©gmR>r PmoHy$Z KoVbo Amho. 2015 gmbmnmgyZ ˶m§À¶m ZoV¥ÎdmImbr g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZ ¶wdm, n¶m©daU, H¥$fr, gm‘m{OH$ EH$Vm, Amamo½¶ ¶m n§MgwÌrZwgma {Z:ñdmWunUo H$m‘ H$aV Amho. H$moamoZm ‘hm‘marÀ¶m H$mimV 500 ~oS>Mo g§OrdZr S>o{S>Ho$Q>oS> H$mopìhS> hoëW Ho$Aa g|Q>À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ H$moamoZmJ«ñV é½Um§Z ‘mo’$V Am¡fYmonMma, ^moOZ, Am°p³gOZ {gqbS>aMr CnbãYVm, gd©Y‘u¶ gm‘wXm{¶H$ {ddmh gmohim, {MniyU nyaJ«ñVm§Zm AÞYmݶ, dñÌ, d¡ÚH$s¶ ‘XV, bmoH$gh^mJmVyZ 11000 d¥jm§Mo g§ajH$ Omirgh d¥jmamonU, aº$XmZ, Amamo½¶ {e{~ao, ‘mo’$V ldU ¶§Ìo d Mî‘o dmQ>n, 24 Vmg A°åã¶wbÝg gw{dYm, H$[aAa ‘mJ©Xe©Z, {dÚm϶mªZm ‘mo’$V embo¶ gm{h˶ dmQ>n, nmUr AS>dm, nmUr {Oadm, J«m‘ ñdÀN>Vm, n¶m©daU g§VwbZ, ¶wdH$m§gmR>r amoOJma {Z{‘©Vr AmXr C„oIZr¶ H$m¶© g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZZo Ho$bo AgyZ, AmOhr gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ OnV ho godmH$m¶© Mmby Amho. H¥$fr, n¶m©daU d Amamo½¶ joÌmVrb à{Vð>mZMo H$m¶© A{Ve¶ ‘mobmMo d AmXe©dV Amho. {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho ho Aä¶mgy d AîQ>n¡by ¶wdm ZoV¥Îd AgyZ, ˶m§Zr g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZÀ¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ ¶wdH$m§Zm g§K{Q>V H$ê$Z ˶m§Zm ñdm{^‘mZmZo OJʶmMr, {Zabg ^mdZoZo g‘mOgodm H$aʶmMr {Xem d eº$s {Xbr Amho. g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZMo H$m¶© {XemXe©H$ AgyZ, ‘r {OWo Hw$R>o OmB©b {VWo {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho d g§OrdZr ¶wdm à{Vð>mZMo Zmd AmdOy©Z KoB©Z, Ago A{dZme ^maVr ¶m§Zr gm§{JVbo. ¶wdH$m§Zr ñdV:Mo doJio ApñVËd {Z‘m©U H$aʶmMm g§H$ën H$amdm H$monaJmd hr Eo{Vhm{gH$ ^y‘r AgyZ, Ym{‘©H$, nm¡am{UH$ Agm ‘moR>m dmagm ¶m ^mJmbm bm^bm Amho. ‘mOr ‘w»¶‘§Ìr {Xd§JV {dbmgamd Xoe‘wI ho åhUV AgV H$s, H$monaJmdÀ¶m amOH$maUmda ‘bm ~marH$ bj R>odmdo bmJVo. H$maU, H$monaJmdmVrb amOH$maUmdê$ZM ‘hmamîQ´>mMo amOH$maU MmbVo. Aem H$monaJmd Vmbw³¶mV AmO {ddoH$^¡æ¶m H$moëho ¶m§Mo H$V¥©Ëd COiyZ {ZKmbo Amho, Ago gm§JyZ A{dZme ^maVr åhUmbo, h„r VéU {nT>r {~KS>V Mmbbr Amho, Agm gya g‘mOmV EoH$md¶mg {‘iVmo. ˶mbm H$maUhr VgoM Amho. ¶wdH$m§Zr dm‘‘mJm©H$S>o Z diVm Mm§Jë¶m JmoîQ>r AmË‘gmV H$amì¶mV. X¡ddmXmda Adb§~yZ Z amhVm à¶ËZdmXr ~Zmdo. Mm§Jë¶m JmoîQ>rMr gwédmV C{eam hmoVo hr OJmMr [aV Amho. g‘mOmV ‘mPo ñdV:Mo doJio ApñVËd Amho Am{U OrdZmV ‘bm ‘moR>o ìhm¶Mo Amho, Agm g§H$ën ¶wdH$m§Zr H$amdm d Vmo VS>rg ݶmdm. VrW©joÌmbm Omʶmnojm Vwåhr Á¶m JmdmV amhVm VoWo ñdÀN>VoMr d ‘mUwgH$sMr Á¶moV noQ>dyZ Amnë¶m ^y‘rVrb bmoH$m§Mr godm H$ê$Z nwʶ {‘idm. gm‘m{OH$ ^mZ {Od§V Agob Va nwʶmMm g§M¶ dmT>Vmo. ‘hmamîQ´>mV n{hë¶m§Xm H$O©‘wº$s H$aUmao OJXJwê$ g§V VwH$mam‘ ho AmhoV. ˶m§Zr {Xbobr {eH$dU ‘mobmMr Amho. ^maVr¶ g§ñH¥$VrV d¶ Am{U H$m¶© ¶m§Zm ‘moR>o ñWmZ Amho. AZoH$ OU Amnë¶m ZmdmgmR>r, à{V‘m OnʶmgmR>r YS>nS>V AgVmV; nU g‘mOmV ñdÀN> d Mm§Jbr à{V‘m {Z‘m©U H$aUo dmQ>Vo {VVHo$ gmono Zmhr. OrdZ OJʶmgmR>r à˶oH$mbm g§Kf© H$amdm bmJVmo. 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XogmB© ¶m§À¶m hñVo ZdrZ gmV godm§Mo bmoH$mn©U H$aʶmV Ambo. ¶m‘ܶo dmhZm§H$[aVm {deof nadmZm, dmhZm§H$[aVm VmËnwaVm nadmZm, Xþ涑 ¶mo½¶Vm à‘mUnÌ, Xþ涑 {eH$dy AZwkár, {eH$mD$ AZwkár darb nÎmm ~Xb, dmhH$ AZwkár darb nÎmm ~Xb, YmoH$mXm¶H$ ‘mb dmhZo Mmb{dʶmg ‘mݶVm ¶m godm AmOnmgyZ gwê$ H$aʶmV Amë¶m AmhoV. ˶m‘wio EHy$U 25 godm ’o$gbog gwê$ Pmë¶m AmhoV. ¶mdoir ‘mJrb dfm©À¶m VwbZoV AnKmVm‘ܶo bjUr¶ KQ> hmoʶmgmR>r {deof à¶ËZ Ho$boë¶m ‘w§~B© eha Am{U CnZJa, Z§Xþa~ma, AH$mobm ¶m {Oëøm§À¶m añVm gwajm g{‘Vr gXñ¶m§Mm gËH$ma H$aʶmV Ambm. ‘w§~B© eha Am{U CnZJa 27 Q>¸o$, Z§Xþa~ma 18 Q>¸o$, AH$mobm 16 Q>¸o$ AnKmVm§Mo à‘mU H$‘r Pmbo Amho. AnKmVm§Mo {díbofU H$aUmar ‘mJ©X{e©H$m Am{U doñQ>Z B§{S>¶m Am°Q>mo‘mo~mB©b Agmo{gEeZÀ¶m añVm gwajm dm{f©H$ {XZX{e©Ho$Mo ‘mݶdam§À¶m hñVo {d‘moMZ H$aʶmV Ambo. 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