Secondary and tertiary sector.

Paula Contento, Sara Hernandez and Antonio Cuquejo

INDEX 01

RENEWABLE AND NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES.

02

MAIN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS

03

EVOLUTION FROM THE 1ST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO INDUSTRY .

04

THE ORGANISATION WORLD'S COMMERCE.

05

OF

TRANSPORTS AND TOURISM

INTRODUCTION: In this book we are going to start talking about renewable and non-renewable energy sources, about what they include, how they work, the types that exist, etc..., the second point we are going to talk about the main producers and consumers of energy, the most consuming countries, the types, etc..., in the third point we are going to talk about the evolution of the 1st industrial revolution to industry and focus on the different industries of the revolution.

In the third point we will comment on the evolution of the 1st industrial revolution to the industry and we will focus on the different industries of the revolution, the fourth point will talk about the organization of world trade, we will comment on the organization, the localities etc..., and finally we will talk about transport and tourism about what it is, what it is etc...

RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES: Renewable or non-exhaustable forms of energy include: solar power, wind power, hydroelectric power, biomass and biofuels, geothermal power, and power generated by waves, tides, and ocean currents. Renewable energies are those energy sources based on the use of the sun, wind, water or plant or animal biomass, among others. They are characterized by the fact that they do not use fossil fuels - as is the case with conventional energies - but rather resources capable of unlimited renewal.

Types Renewable Energy Sources: Solar Wind Energy Hydroelectric Ocean

Geothermal Biomass Tidal energy

1) Solar technology can provide heat, cooling, natural light, electricity and fuel for a variety of purposes. Solar technology converts sunlight into electricity through photovoltaic panels or through mirrors that concentrate solar radiation. 2) Wind is used to produce electricity by converting the kinetic energy of air in motion into electricity. In modern wind turbines, wind rotates the rotor blades, which convert kinetic energy into rotational energy. 3)Hydropower is a renewable source of energy. The energy generated through hydropower relies on the water cycle, which is driven by the sun, making it renewable. Hydropower is fueled by water, making it a clean source of energy. 4)Ocean Renewable ocean energy (or simply ocean energy) is energy derived from the motion of the ocean or its physical and chemical state. In the United States, ocean energy can be generated from waves, tides and currents, as well as from temperature differences in the oceans. 5) Geothermal Energy is a renewable source of energy taken from the Earth's core. It comes from the heat generated during the planet's initial formation and the radioactive decay of matter. This thermal energy is stored in rocks and fluids in the Earth's interior. 6)Biomass (energy) refers to a type of energy that is useful in formal energy terms: plants transform radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy through photosynthesis. 7)Tidal energy is the energy obtained by harnessing the tides: by using an alternator, the system can be used to generate electricity, thus transforming tidal energy into electrical energy, a safer and more usable form of energy.

NON-RENEWABLE SOURCES

ENERGY

Non-renewable or conventional energy sources are energy sources that exist in nature in limited quantities and cannot be replaced when completely consumed, since there is no economically viable production or extraction system.

There are four major types of nonrenewable resources: oil, natural gas, coal, and nuclear energy. Oil, natural gas, and coal are collectively called fossil fuels. Fossil fuels were formed within the Earth from dead plants and animals over millions of years—hence the name “fossil” fuels.

NON-RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

The purpose of this type of energy is generally to generate electrical energy and mechanical energy. They are also used to generate mechanical energy (cars). The energy efficiency of non-renewable sources is very low.

Advantages Ease of extraction. High temporal availability. Long chronological continuity. Comparatively inexpensive.

Disadvantages Emission of polluting gases into the atmosphere that are toxic to life. Possibility of the termination of reserves in the short and medium term.

Decreased availability of raw materials suitable for manufacturing products instead of being burned.

MAIN ENERGY PRODUCERS AND CONSUMERS: There are a lot of energy producers and consumers all over the world that mainly use non-renewable energy sources such as: 1. Oil: This is reserved in some countries such as Canada, but it is also very consumed by Japan. 2. Gas: This recourse is reserved in a few countries like Venezuela and is consumed in some countries such as Russia.

Even thought there are a lot of countries non-renawable energy sources for not saying every single country, there are also some countries that use renewable energy sources like:

1. China who produces a lot of solar energy being the mayor producer of this energy. 2. USA produces mainly wind energy. 3. Brazil is the mayor hydroelectric energy in the world.

EVOLUTION. FROM THE 1ST INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION TO INDUSTRY 4.0 1ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION The first industrial revolution took place in the late 1700s and early 1800s. During this time, manufacturing evolved from a focus on human physical labor with the aid of working animals to more streamlined forms of human labor. Through the use of hydraulic and steam engines and other types of machine tools.

2ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION In the early 20th century, the world entered the Second Industrial Revolution with the introduction of steel and the use of electricity in factories. The introduction of electricity allowed manufacturers to increase efficiency and helped increase the mobility of factory machinery. It was at this stage that mass production concepts, such as the assembly line, were introduced as a way to increase productivity.

3ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

In the late 1950s, a third industrial revolution slowly began to emerge as manufacturers began to incorporate more electronics and eventually computers into their factories. During this time, manufacturers began to move away from analog and mechanical technology and more toward digital technology and automation software.

4ª INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

The last few decades have seen a fourth industrial revolution, Industry 4.0. It takes the emphasis on digital technologies of the past decades to a whole new level with the interconnectivity of the Internet of Things (IoT), real-time data access and the introduction of physically networked systems. It provides a more comprehensive, interconnected and holistic approach to manufacturing. It connects the physical with the digital and enables better collaboration and access between departments, partners, suppliers, products and people.

WORD ORGANISATION

TRADE

The World Trade Organization is a global organization that deals with the rules that are responsible for directing trade between countries It's base is located in Ginebra( Sweden). It has 640 workers in total and its CEO is Ngozi Okonjo- Iweala since The 1st of March 2021. There are 164 countries that are members of the World Trade Organisation such as Spain, Italy and Germany in Europe and other countries out of the European Union such as Brasil and Argentina. There also are observant countries that only see what the organisation does such as Siria, Irán and Irak. The World Trade Organisation was created on the 1st January of 1995. The purpose of the World Trade Organisation is to help ensure that trade flows smoothly freely, equitably and predictably and that principles and obligations contained in the World Trade Organisation agreements are respected.

Most countries in the world are members of the World Trade Organisation concretely, 164 countries out of 195, only 31 countries are not members of the world trade organisation. And of this countries 25 are observants of the World Trade Organisation. In the World Trade Organisation there is a Organisation chart, Ministerial conferences and a General Council. The most important is the Organisation Chart that is the supreme decision body at W.T.O. The W.T.O obtains the majority of their incomes for they annual budget from de contributions made by their members

Transport Transport is a medium or vehicle that is used for taking people or things from one place to other Transport in Spain is known for having a big net of ports, airports and trains. Spain has the third biggest nets of ways in the world behind China and USA.

Transport is part of the terciary or services sector and in Spain it takes a 9, 2% of it. Almost 1 millon of people in Spain work in transport sector An 80% of the world population uses public transport like trains and subway Public transport is a city's transport service that can be used by a person for a certain quantity of money

Some countries have a Transport ministry , for example our country, Spain has it and it is in charge of the structures of eath, air and water transport of the country the control, regulation and ordination of the transport services in Spain and for guarantee a safe and sustainable mobility for inhabitants in Spain. In some countries of South America there also is a Transport minister for example in Chile or Perú

Tourism

Tourism is a social, cultural and economic phenomenon that involves the movement of people to a country or place outside their usual environment for personal, professional or business reasons.

Tourism is not defined by a specific time. You can travel only for a few hours or months. The characteristic of tourism is that the subject does not change address (but moves away) and the places visited are places of transit.

Tourism Tourism has become a major player in international trade, and at the same time represents one of the main sources of income for many developing countries. This growth goes hand in hand with increased diversification and competition between destinations.

Tourism services are the set of activities and utilities that a tourist destination offers to satisfy the demand of tourists. Among the most essential services are: accommodation, food, transport and guiding.

EXERSISES: 1

How many members are in the World Trade Organisation? Name 3 countries that are members of the World Trade Organisation

2

How many people work in transport sector in Spain?

3

Tell me 3 forms of renewable sources

4

5





6



7







What are the 4 main types of non renewable sources? Wich one of this countries mainly use non-renewable sources? Japan

Russia

USA

Canada

Brazil

When was the first industrial revolution and when did it end?

How did the third industrial revolution emerge as?

8

Complete the text

Transport is part of the ______ or services sector and in Spain it takes a _____ of it. Almost______ of people in Spain work in transport sector

9

True or False

There were 4 Industrial Revolutions The World Trade Organisation was created on 4th July of 1995 The places were tourist go are called places of tourism Spain has the biggest net of ways in the world

Paula Contento Sara Hernandez and Antonio Cuquejo Paulasaraandantonio.com [email protected]