Castilla-La Mancha
Spain
Albacete Ciudad Real Cuenca Guadalajara Toledo
VALLADOLID 27 km
ARANDA DE DUERO 17 km OSMA 33 Rio
Prádena
Turégano
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Pedraza
SEGOVIA
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San Ildelfonso o La Granja
Nature Park Parador Monument Historic ruins Panoramic view Campgrounds Golf course Health spa Marina Airport World Heritage Site
Villacastín A-6
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Humanes Torrelaguna Viñuelas
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SALAMANCA 84 km
Riaza Cantalojas L Val P.AN. HAYEDO DE TEJERA NEGRA los
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Cabanillas del Colmenar Navacerrada Campo Viejo Galapagar T COMUNIDAD GUADA Alcobendas VI S San Lorenzo DE MADRID de El Escorial I II H Emb. de Las Rozas S San Juan Alcalá de Brunete Henares Leganés MADRID San Martín Mon Getafe III de Valdeiglesias Móstoles Arganda V 403 e ch a S. Martín er ajuñ Escalona Alb Valmojado de la Vega T Parla P Fuenti ar Hormigos Maqueda Sta. Cruz Illescas Emb de ét Chinchón Ti Navalcán Emb. de del Retamar Esquivias Rosarito Seseña Aranjuez 502 Cazalegas 401 Villarrubia d Talavera Las Ventas de Fuensalida Añover de Tajo Santiago de la Reina Cazalegas San Julián La Calzada Ocaña Bargas Olías Torrijos RI Noblejas San O de Oropesa V Oropesa La Pueblanueva 400 Yepes de la del Rey P P Calera El Carpio Villasequilla Huerta de Villatobas y Chozas de Tajo La Puebla TOLEDO El Puente Valdecarábanos 301 Ho de Montalbán del Arzobispo Almonacid La Guardia S Polán de Toledo Alcaudete Mascaraque San Martín Gálvez Lillo Valdelacasa La Nava de la Jara Sonseca de Montalbán 877 L a Pu de Tajo de Ricomalillo 1279 Mora Tembleque Navahermosa Cuerva de Almo Orgaz 1419 M Menasalbas O Cumbre Alta Puerto Manzaneque Villacañas N T Corral de de San Vicente E S IV Cantos O Los Yébenes E D E T O L E D Madridejos P Retuerta Consuegra 502 El Molinillo del Bullaque Anchuras Guadalupe de Herencia PARQUE NACIONAL Emb. Urda 401 del Cijara DE CABAÑEROS Los Cortijos 1209 Alcázar d 1010 Castiblanco Horcajo Puerto Lápice Valdecaballeros San Juan Calderina 420 de los Montes Alcoba Machero Guadarrama
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TRUJ LLO 70 km
Sepúlveda
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Herrera del Duque
Casas de Don Pedro Emb. de Orellana
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PARQUE NACIONAL DE LAS TABLAS DE DAIMIEL GUADIANA
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P Daimiel Manzana Miguelturra S Poblete Saceruela La i e Almagro Membrilla Emb. Emb. Abenójar Pozuelo r r Corral de del Zújar de la Serena Moral de a Calatrava de Calatrava P d e Calatrava San Ca Villar Rio A l m 420 Cabeza a d é Almadén del Pozo del Va n Calzada del Buey Almodóvar Argamasilla de Calatrava Valdepe Alamillo Almadenejos del Campo de Calatrava n IV ó l 1117 ba Sta. Cruz 502 Ja Brazatortas Puertollano Belalcázar de Mudela Atalaya Santa Eufemia Mestanza Las Virtudes de la Calzada S 1108 I A E N Almuradiel R E R R A Judío Castellar O M Hinojosa Viso del de Santiago El Viso del Duque 1323 Marqués Solana Torrecampo 1300 Bañuela N del Pino Fuencaliente a Estrella Pozoblanco Sie Santa Elena ron rra Mad Fuente Obejuna La Carolina Cardeña Cast Villanueva Emb. Rumblar Vilches Emb. de Córdoba de Guadalén Villa 420 A N D A L U C Í A del Ar Bailén Linares alimar Marmolejo Andújar Guad Villacar 0 30 40 50 Km. 10 20
Agudo
CIUDAD REAL
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430
Luciana
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Puebla de Alcocer
Rio
MÉR DA 84 km
Coca
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EX T RE MA D U R A
AZUAGA 28 km
ón rat Du
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CASTI L L A Y L E Ó N
Local road Railway AVE National Park P
Ayllón
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Toll road Motorway National highway Primary regional road Secondary ed regional road
Rio
Cuéllar
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CARTOGRAFÍA: GCAR, S.L. Cardenal Silíceo, 35 Tel. 91 416 73 41 - 28002 MADRID - AÑO RIO 2000 P
CÓRDOBA
SEVILLA 130 km
Bujalance
Arjona
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Villanueva de la Reina
Rio
Baeza
GUAD
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JAÉN 23 km
ALQU
Úbeda IVIR
Peal d Becer
GUADIX 63 km
km
ZARAGOZA 43 km
SORIA 32 km
Morón de Almazán
Retortillo de Soria
Barcones
Villalengua
Ariza
330
Belchite
Cariñena
Monteagudo Barahona
Longares
Calatayud
Ateca
Adradas
A R A G Ó N
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Maluenda Mainar Somolinos Atienza Arcos Medinaceli lverde de 1346 Campillo Daroca de Jalón 1423 s Arroyos de Aragón Herrera P Hiendelaencina Santa Cruz 234 Maranchón Milmarcos Burbáguema o Cubel Sigüenza Laguna Alcolea Fonfría Muniesa Mazarete de Gallocanta Cillas Cogolludo del Pinar 1518 Jadraque Calamocha Rillo 211 Embid Algora 1518 Riba Ledanca de Gallo Vivel de Saelices Castellar Bello Hita II L A A L C A R R I A Molina de la Muela Trijueque Valderrebollo Cifuentes R Mezquita TAJO Monreal de Aragón io El Pobo de Jarque del Campo P. N. DEL ALTO TAJO Brihuega de Dueñas Zaorejas 204 Torija Tordesilos Poveda Emb. de Pozondón Entrepeñas de la Sierra
ALCAÑIZ 72 km
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ALAJARA
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Alfambra Alcocer r Sacedón Cedrillas Cañamares r Albarracín Fuertescusa Vega a d Rio Gua Emb. Pastrana e Priego dalv del Codorno de Buend a iar P Yebra Tragacete 1866 Cañaveruelas Cañaveras ndéjar e TERUEL Bezas Buendía r Mogorrita Terriente r 320 a 1695 Villel Almoguera n í a Villar de Valdemeca Javalón d e ra Driebes Illana 1180 C u e n c a Domingo García1368 1838 Uña El Cañigral d Sarrión idueña de Tajo Alfomira Huete e Mariana Collado Bajo Salvacañete 2020 J P Barajas Carrascosa a v Cañete Javalambre a Algarra de Melo del Campo 400 la CUENCA Ademuz Villar de m Huérguina e b Torrijas Tarancón Mohorte re Olalla 420 Moya Torrejoncillo 1062 Abejuela Uclés Landete del Rey Entredichos 1401 ta Cruz Fuentes a Zarza Villar Saelices Cuerda 330 del Humo Titaguas Segóbriga 1419 Talayuelas Cardenete Valeria Chelva orcajo de Almonacid del Montalbo Pelado III antiago Marquesado Villar de Cañas La Almarcha Enguidanos Aliaguilla Sinarcas TURIA Villamayor Buenache 420 de Santiago C OM UN IDAD uebla de Alarcón 1052 Emb. Villescusa Emb oradiel Quintanar Chera Motilla de ContrerasCamporrobles Honrubia de Haro de Alarcón Alarcón de la Orden del Palancar III Utiel Belmonte Mota Minglanilla P Requena El Toboso del Cuervo 320 L A M A N C H A Iniesta Villalpardo El Pedernoso Vara del Rey Campo Ca Villanueva brie 310 e Criptana l Las Pedroñeras de la Jara Ledaña VAL E N C IAN A San Clemente Pedro Quintanar 744 Casas El Provencio 301 e Villatoya A-31 Muñoz Ibáñez Tarazona del Rey Cofrentes n Villarrobledo de la Mancha Socuéllamos JÚCAR Mahora Alcalá L A M A N C H A Jarafuel del Júcar La Roda 322 330 masilla 310 Santa Marta Alatoz La Gineta Alba Tomelloso Valdeganga Ayora Munera Barrax 1242 e
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SAGUNTO 73 km
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Cig
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Sotuélamos
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Emb. del Cenajo
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Emb.San Clemente
Moratalla 2001
Revo cadores
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Puebla de Don Fadrique
Cazorla BAZA 67 km
Caravaca de la Cruz
Em . de Argos
Cieza
1261
REG IÓN Ceheguín
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Fortuna Albatera
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Calasparra
Segura de la Sierra d
768
Socovos
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Orihuela Archena 340 Molina de Segura Alcantarilla
MURCIA LORCA 67 km
MURCIA
ELCHE 15 km
Beas de Segura
ALICANTE 32 km
Molatón Chinchilla Alpera de Monte-Aragón Higueruela Lezuza Ossa de 430 430 Lagunas Montiel Balazote Almansa Alhambra de Ru dera Bonete El Salobral 301 1087 San Pedro Montealegre Pétrola rlos Bo os Villanueva Viveros 1257 Pozuelo Pozo Cañada del Castillo Robledo de los Infantes alle Caudete Fuente-Álamo Roble Alcaraz eñas Pozohondo Alcadozo Reolid Ontur Villena Peñascosa Montiel a Tobarra en A l c a r a z Bogarra Albatana Yecla lm de Ayna Villamanrique uada r r a 1257 344 Hellín G ie Rio S 322 Almenaras Liétor Jumilla Mesones Mu o Riópar nd Ri o Elche Cancarix Molinicos Emb. de de la Sierra Pinoso Casas del Puerto Guadalmena Yeste Letur
ALBACETE
XÁTIVA 33 km
1107
Los Barreros
VALENCIA 40 km
RIO
P. N. LAGUNAS DE RUIDERA
res
INTRODUCTION Getting to Know Castilla-La Mancha History Natural Wealth Don Quixote Country La Mancha
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A TOUR THROUGH THE CAPITAL CITIES AND PROVINCES Albacete Ciudad Real Cuenca Guadalajara Toledo
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LEISURE AND EVENTS
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USEFUL INFORMATION
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Introduction A land of contrasts, dramatic landscapes and extensive plains; this is Castilla-La Mancha. This Autonomous Community, located in the center of the Iberian Peninsula, is a surprise to visitors for its cultural, geographical and environmental diversity. Small farmers and nomadic livestock breeders erected towns across a formerly uninhabited area. The region has been immortalized by the pen of Miguel de Cervantes in his world-famous Don Quixote de La Mancha. The entire Autonomous Community has clusters of picturesque villages bathed in tranquility which have been able to escape the accelerated pace of larger cities. Castilla-La Mancha is a land worth getting to know thoroughly and unhurriedly. Nature Park of Ruidera Lagoons
Toledo is the capital of the Autonomous Community which also comprises the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca and Guadalajara. The territory stretches through the southern half of the vast plateau of the Meseta between the Central mountain range, the Iberian Mountains and Sierra Morena. Two great rivers traverse the area: the Tajo (Tagus) and the Guadiana. The Tajo runs through Toledo and Guadalajara, and the Guadiana divides the province of Ciudad Real. With a population of around 1,700,000, Castilla-La Mancha has important protected nature reserves such as the Ruidera Lagoons, Cabañeros and the Tablas de Daimiel. The cities of Cuenca and Toledo have both been declared World Heritage Sites.
The region’s cuisine appeals to the rural and agricultural character which defines the five provinces. Wine and Manchego cheese accompany a gastronomy that never ceases to offer new ideas. Castilla-La Mancha has been caught up in the recent boom of rural tourism. A good number of lodgings is available, along with complementary facilities, enabling visitors to enjoy sports such as hiking, horseback riding, swimming and parapente. A good transportation network crisscrosses the region with motorways and railways, including the high-speed train called “AVE”, and makes visiting the area more convenient.
Vernacular architecture
edge of the Serranía de Gredos, and in the south, the Sierra Morena, a huge massif with the base of the plateau fading into the distance. The climate is another aspect which shows great diversity. Temperate zones alternate with vast arid areas. The climate can be classified as Continental Mediterranean, with cold winters and hot summers. Spring and autumn register mild temperatures. The rainy season coincides with the last few months of winter. In the provinces of Cuenca and Guadalajara, rainfall is higher, while the more arid areas extend through the southern part of the region through the provinces of Toledo and Ciudad Real.
Getting to Know Castilla-La Mancha Castilla-La Mancha consists of 79,226 square kilometers, occupying a good part of the southern sub-plateau. Its geographical features are diverse but also provide a common tie. Castilla-La Mancha is like a large river basin with the Toledo Mountains running from east to west separating it, a dividing line been the Tajo and Guadiana rivers. In the north lies the Sistema Central or central chain of mountains. The high plains are located in the east; in the west is the southern
The population density of Castilla-La Mancha is the lowest on the Iberian Peninsula (21 inhabitants per square kilometer compared with the national average of 75 per 2
square kilometer). This is due to the extensive arid areas with deep-rooted forest and pastoral activity, as well as dry farming with large areas left fallow.
Spain’s Autonomous Communities. The high-speed “AVE” train has stations in the cities of Ciudad Real and Puertollano.
The privileged geographical location of this Community has helped it become a rapid avenue of direct communication between the province capitals and the rest of Spain, aided by the roads crisscrossing this historic land from north to south and east to west. The N-II between Madrid and Barcelona divides the province of Guadalajara in two. The N-III between Madrid and Valencia runs through a good portion of southern Cuenca province. The N-IV connecting Madrid with Andalusia is the most important highway in the Community. Lastly, the N-V to Extremadura runs through the northern part of Toledo province. The N-401 links Madrid and the city of Toledo.
History The region has a prolific past dating back to pre-Roman times when Castilla-La Mancha was inhabited by Celtic and Iberian tribes (Carpetani, Vetoni and Oretani). Toledo is indisputably the capital with the greatest historic legacy. Between the years 573 and 711, Toledo was capital of the Visigothic kingdom. During the Moorish occupation, between the 8th and 11th centuries, Toledo was the capital of a “Taifa” kingdom. The domains were very similar to the present boundaries of the Autonomous Community. Finally, in the year 1085, Toledo was returned once again to Christian hands. The present territorial organization dates from the Lower Middle Ages, coinciding with the conquest of the kingdoms of Castile and Leon by Fernando III. Repopulation by a nobility system was promoted by the religious knightly orders of Calatrava, Santiago (St.James) and San Juan (St. John) which consolidated a structure of large estates.
The extensive area is well-served by the railway system linking Mosque of Cristo de la Luz in Toledo
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In the 19th century, a series of definitive changes were initiated which could still be felt into the next century. The secularization of church land and abolition of the privileges of the Meseta favored the working classes, creating a solid framework based on agriculture and livestock.
The government of the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, brought a period of tranquility and prosperity to Castile. Toledo became one of the most important cities in the kingdom. Ecclesiastical power also took shape at this time. Over the years, Toledo became the capital of the Spanish empire. Finally, in the year 1561, king Felipe II decided to transfer the Court to Madrid, and Toledo began to suffer a relentless social and cultural recession.
Today, Castilla-La Mancha is a prosperous region where the agricultural activities of the large Manchegan areas are combined with the budding industrial zones of the main urban centers. In 1982, the Statute of Autonomy of Castilla-La Mancha was approved with Toledo as capital of the Autonomous Community and seat of the regional parliament.
The period between the 17th and 19th centuries was especially adverse for the region as a result of an acute crisis and a severe decline in population. Seigniorial classes dominated an agricultural-based rural society with villages and cities growing poorer and more backwards. During the Peninsular War (1808-1812), known as the War of Independence in Spain, the region was devastated socially and economically.
Natural Wealth Castilla-La Mancha comprises three of the most important nature reserves on the Iberian Peninsula: Tablas de Daimiel and Cabañeros National Parks and Ruidera Lagoons Nature Park. Daimiel and Ruidera are two wetlands of great ecological value, rich in wildlife, in particular migratory birds. Cabañeros is representative of the authentic Mediterranean Iberian forest.
Serranía de Cuenca
The Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel (1,928 hectares), 4
declared a National Park in 1973, is located at the confluence of the Cigüela and Guadiana rivers in the geographical heartland of La Mancha. This flat watery expanse is the last of the once vast wetlands, characteristic of the central plains. The “tablas” or shallow lagoons are overgrown with vegetation, forming an exceptional habitat for the water fauna abounding in the area. Of the eight species of Spanish herons, seven can be found at Daimiel. Red-crested pochard, marsh harriers and other aquatic birds can also be seen.
Cabañeros National Park, Ciudad Real
at the southern edge of the Toledo mountains, is the dense green reserve called Parque Nacional de Cabañeros (40,000 hectares), declared a National Park in 1995. Nine hundred botanical species and 276 species of invertebrates have been identified within the park. It is home to the second largest colony of black vultures in Europe, with twenty percent of the continent’s population. Visits to Cabañeros National Park are limited to 42 persons per day.
The Parque Natural de las Lagunas de Ruidera is located in the region of Campo de Montiel, in one of the most important lake areas on the Iberian Peninsula. This nature park is a succession of fourteen lagoons, nine of which are in the township of Ossa de Montiel in the province of Albacete and the rest in Argamasilla and Villahermosa in the province of Ciudad Real. The park extends along 25 kilometers. Of special interest is the waterfowl, such as the mallard, red-crested pochard, coot, loon, tufted duck, as well as a large variety of birds of prey, amphibians and bustards.
The Sierra de Alcaraz is situated in the southeastern part of Albacete province. The most remarkable sight is the source of the Mundo river (nacimiento del río Mundo). On a rocky wall more than one hundred meters high, a cave spills forth a waterfall of extraordinary beauty.
In the northwestern part of the province of Ciudad Real, almost 5
The abrupt landscape of the Serranía de Cuenca is the habitat of a large group of wildlife species. Originating in the northwest portion of the province, it continues on to the flatlands of La Manchuela. The hunting reserve of Hosquillo can be found here. Likewise, the gorges of the Cabriel river or Hoces del Río Cabriel were declared a nature reserve in 1995. Located halfway between the provinces of Cuenca and Albacete, their chief interest lies in the natural course chiseled by the river in the craggy limestone landscape. The province of Guadalajara shelters two protected reserves of great ecological value: Alto Tajo and the Hayedo de Tejera Negra. The Alto Tajo runs through high open plains, deep gorges and abrupt rocky landscapes. The Park of Hayedo de Tejera Negra is situated in the northwestern part of the province, in the Sierra de Ayllón.
This protected area is home to century-old beech, yew, birch and holly trees. The Sierra de San Vicente occupies the northern edge of the province of Toledo, near the Sierra de Gredos. Punctuated with chestnut and oak groves, these are good pasturelands for raising livestock. Cabañeros National Park (Parque Nacional de Cabañeros) Pueblonuevo del Bullaque (Ciudad Real) * 926 77 53 84 Tablas de Daimiel National Park (Parque Nacional de las Tablas de Daimiel) Daimiel (Ciudad Real) * 926 69 31 18 Nature Park of Ruidera Lagoons (Parque Natural de las Lagunas de Ruidera) Ruidera (Ciudad Real) * 926 21 37 40
Hayedo de Tejera Negra in Cantalojas, Guadalajara
Plaza Mayor in El Toboso, Toledo
16th and 17th centuries, respectively. The Renaissance Town Hall (Ayuntamiento) stands on the Plaza de España. Close by is Madridejos, a town dating back to the Roman period. Amid homes of old aristocratic families, other monuments include the 16th century parish church, the Convent of San Francisco, with its church and cloister, the baroque Convent of Las Clarisas, and the neoclassical jurisdictional pillar called Rollo de Justicia.
Don Quixote Country Miguel de Cervantes not only universalized the name of La Mancha, his literary masterpiece, Don Quixote also immortalized the land, infusing it with magic and charm, chivalrous adventures and poetic passion. The roads of La Mancha carry the traveler over fictional routes through lofty lands where the knighterrant Don Quixote converted ordinary inns into castles and windmills into giants.
Another distinctively Quixotic town is Puerto Lápice, a traditional stop along the N-IV road. The silhouette of the hidalgo Don Quixote seated on his inseparable horse Rocinante leaves no doubt we are in La Mancha country. The N-420 will take the traveler to Herencia, another town of white houses and old noble homes with continuous references to Cervantes’ fictional world. Here stands the Church of Nuestra Señora de la Merced, founded by Juan of Austria. Scholars who have studied the Quixote believe that Argamasilla de Alba was the place referred to in the opening sentence of the book which reads “In a place of La Mancha, whose name I do not
A good place to begin the Quixote route and view some windmills is at the Toledan town of Consuega. The white-washed facades and grand old rambling houses scattered throughout the old quarter allude to bygone days. In the heart of the town, various examples of architecture from diverse periods have been preserved. The Church of San Juan Bautista and the Convent of Las Carmelitas are from the 7
choose to recall…” A few kilometers from the Ruidera lagoons, not far from Ossa de Montiel in Albacete province, the traveler comes upon the Cave of Montesinos, where Cervantes situated one of the most memorable episodes about Alonso Quixano. Tomelloso and La Solana are other towns along the Quixote route.
Campo de Criptana, Ciudad Real
standing in La Mancha, where at one time more than four hundred could be counted. Campo de Criptana, attractive capital of the region of the same name, features the Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción, the Pósito or communal granary, and the baroque church of the Convent of El Carmen as its principal monuments.
Several kilometers away is Alcázar de San Juan, one of the main railway junctions of Castilla La Mancha. The town also boasts a rich monumental legacy, including a collection of Roman mosaics in the Municipal Museum. The Plaza de Santa María and the Torreón del Gran Prior are the city’s main landmarks. Campo de Criptana is the next stop on the route. The countryside is presided over by a cluster of famous windmills that Don Quixote took for giants. Only a dozen have been preserved, three of them have been declared historic monuments for their antiquity. These windmills are one-fourth of the total number still
Mota del Cuervo in the province of Cuenca is an influential town known as the “Balcony of La Mancha” for its impressive views. The potters’ district is of special interest where pitchers are traditionally made. The Quixote route continues on to Belmonte, birthplace of the religious writer Fray Luis de León. The group of monuments is of special interest, particularly the elegant well-preserved castle, Gothic in style with Mudéjar influences. Mudéjar is a style named after the Moors who remained in the territories recovered during the Christian
Cueva de Medrano in Argamasilla de Alba, Ciudad Real
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La Mancha
Reconquest and is characterized by Islamic influences.
La Mancha occupies the central plains of the region, where Quixotic spirit and genuine rural flavor blend to form a spacious area united by its distinctive landscape and heritage. La Mancha can also be subdivided into different geographical regions. For example, the route called “Plains of La Mancha” runs through towns in the east, mainly in Albacete province, but also Ciudad Real and Cuenca. The first stop is Tarazona de la Mancha, where La Mancha ends and La Manchuela begins. The main square or Plaza Mayor is a splendid example of civil architecture from the 17th century with lovely projecting wooden balconies.
The Quixote route ends in the same province that served as the starting point. The province of Toledo embraces the town with the most Quixotic flavor, El Toboso, literary hometown of Don Quixote’s lady-love, where Dulcinea’s “birthplace” stands, a typical old 16th century Manchegan structure. The same square where we find the Church of San Antonio Abad is presided over by the sculpture in metal representing the encounter between the knight and his beloved maiden. Also on the square is the Museo Cervantino, a modern museum exhibiting an interesting collection of editions of Don Quixote in different languages, signed by illustrious personages from around the world.
Heading towards the center of the region, the traveler comes across La Roda, in the heart of
Another interesting stop is Esquivias, located in the northern part of Toledo province, bordering on the Community of Madrid. Here the wife of Cervantes, Catalina Salazar y Palacios, was born. The 16th century two-story house where the couple lived is preserved, a short distance from the parish church.
Plaza Mayor in Tarazona de la Mancha, Albacete
Dulcinea’s House (Casa de Dulcinea) Quijote, 1. El Toboso (Toledo) * 925 19 72 88 www.elquijote.com
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the plains. Here stands the famous Lighthouse of La Mancha (Faro de la Mancha), the tower of the Church of El Salvador, built in the 15th century. The province of Albacete has other populous towns, such as Villarrobledo, with important wine and cheese producing industries. Scattered throughout the town center are noble homes, crosses, and the 15th century Church of San Blas. The town is noted for making large earthenware jars called “tinajas”. The province of Ciudad Real presents an open flat horizon, punctuated only by some wetlands of notable ecological
value. Grape growing is combined with raising livestock. In the province of Ciudad Real, La Mancha boasts towns like Socuéllamos with the parish Church of La Asunción. In the outskirts of the town is the Sanctuary of Loreto. La Solana has a fine Plaza Mayor with long arcaded galleries. Of interest on the square are the Town Hall (Ayuntamiento) and the Church of Santa Catalina. Valdepeñas is another important town whose economy is based almost entirely on wine producing. The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción is the most significant building in the town, occupying one of the sides of the busy Plaza de España. Nearby, the
Church of El Salvador in La Roda, Albacete
traveler can visit the small town of San Carlos del Valle which boasts one of the most singular main squares in the region. La Mancha in Cuenca province is dotted with extensive fields of grain, vineyards and olive trees. Townships like San Clemente provide good examples of the artistic spirit of the Castilian Renaissance. Its old quarter is clustered around the Plaza Mayor on which the 15th century Church of Santiago Apóstol stands. Mota del Cuervo is another important Manchegan town. It has a picturesque cluster of seven windmills portraying the typical Quixotic image of La Mancha.
Church of Santa Catalina in La Solana, Ciudad Real
vernacular architecture have been preserved, as well as house-mansions from different periods, such as the Parada with a baroque doorway, the house of the Duques de Riansares and the Casa Leganesa. Also noteworthy is the Parish Church of la Asunción, a Gothic edifice rebuilt during the reign of Felipe II.
A few kilometers from Mota del Cuervo is Belmonte, superbly set on a hill in the middle of the spacious plains of La Mancha. The town is crowned by a splendid Castle with a profusely decorated interior. At the foot of the fortress stands the Late Gothic Collegiate Church of San Bartolomé. Belmonte also boasts an extensive curtain wall and old noble homes.
Santa Cruz de la Zarza is one of the gateways to the Toledan part of La Mancha. The town lies on the Mesa de Ocaña, south of the Tajo river. Numerous coats of arms are proudly displayed on the old noble homes in the town’s old quarter. Almost next door, the traveler finds Villarrubia de Santiago and Noblejas, two
Other Manchegan towns in Cuenca province are Villaescusa de Haro and Tarancón; the latter is located at the eastern part of the province near an important communications junction. Various buildings of the local 11
towns with deep-rooted agricultural traditions. Ocaña is located on a geographical step. To the south extend the plains of La Mancha and to the north, the low fertile valleys of the Tajo. The Plaza Mayor presides over the town center. Designed during the reign of Carlos III, the entire perimeter of the square is arcaded. Other interesting monuments are the rollo jurisdiccional (a stone pillar used to indicate jurisdiction) and the Fuente Nueva (New Fountain).
Plaza Mayor in Tembleque, Toledo
Just off the N-IV is Tembleque, which preserves one of the most attractive main squares in the Community. This original Plaza Mayor is typically square with two tiers of decorated porticoed galleries supported by granite columns. The route of Toledan La Mancha continues southeast through Villacañas, an industrial town. The main attractions of special ethnological interest are the unusual underground dwellings called “silos”.
www.lamancha.net
A Tour through the Capital Cities and Provinces A LBACETE Al-Basit, an Arabic word meaning the plain, was only a small village belonging to Chinchilla. In 1241, it was taken by Christian troops and became a part of the dominions of Alarcón. In 1375, it received its independence, and in 1526, emperor Charles V granted authority and power over the town to his wife, the Empress Isabella of Portugal. Its good location on the route between Madrid and Levant has enabled Albacete to become a modern capital, continually progressing socially and economically.
Cathedral of San Juan Bautista
ground plan. The Cathedral stands on the Plaza Virgen de los Reyes on a base of elegant steps. Other religious buildings include the former 16th century Monastery of La Encarnación (2), now a cultural center, and the Church of the Purísima Concepción (3) with an 18th century portal.
The A-31 motorway connects Madrid to Albacete. This two-lane highway also continues on to Alicante and Valencia. The N-430 comes from Ciudad Real. Another way to reach Albacete through the southern provinces is via the N-322.
The busiest streets radiate out from the Plaza del Altozano. To one side is the Court of Justice and to another, the former Town Hall, now a museum of popular arts and customs.
The Cathedral of San Juan Bautista (1) was begun in 1515 and employed architects of the caliber of Enrique Egas and Diego de Siloé. The numerous modifications during past centuries have not eliminated the Gothic accents of its original
Among works of civil architecture, of interest is the Posada del Rosario (4), present site of the local tourist office. The building is a blend of 13
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Gothic, Mudéjar and Renaissance styles. From more recent periods, the only edifice that has been preserved is the baroque Casa Perona (5). The Palacio de la Diputación Provincial (6) is the most outstanding edifice built during the 19th century. To one side of the street called Paseo de la Libertad, the traveler’s attention is drawn to the neo-classical facade. In the interior, there is a good collection of 20th century art. The glass-roofed Pasaje de Lodares (7), one of the most emblematic places in the city, is an example of early 20th century architecture. A view of this capital cannot conclude without a visit to the Museum of Albacete (8), which houses prehistoric, Iberian and Roman treasures, including the famous articulated dolls from the Roman necropolis of Ontur, the Ibero-Roman head of El Tolmo and the sword of La Hoya.
Posada del Rosario
Almansa and Chinchilla The N-430 will take the traveler to Chinchilla de Monte Aragón, set on a hill overlooking the spacious plains of La Mancha. Above the town looms a 15th century castle. The medieval layout of the town is very wellpreserved. The Moorish baths as well as a good number of mansions and houses bearing coats of arms are noteworthy. Other buildings of architectural interest are the Ayuntamiento (Town Hall) in the Plaza Mayor emblazoned with the coat of arms of Carlos III; the old jail of La Corredera and the Church of Santa María del Salvador. On the street called Calle Peñuela stands the National Museum of Ceramics, an institution housing more than one thousand pieces from all the different Spanish regions.
The fairgrounds, popularly know as “the frying pan” (la sartén) are connected to the city center by the street called Calle Feria. To one side, is the Neo-Mudéjar style bullring (plaza de toros). Provincial Museum of Albacete (Museo Provincial) Parque Abelardo Sánchez * 967 22 83 07 www.dipualba.es
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The Moorish city of Almansah was probably built upon the Roman settlement of Ad Aras. In the past, its privileged geographical location helped it become a town of the first order. It served as the gateway and customhouse to La Mancha during a large part of its history. Almansa’s chief attraction is the majestic Moorish castle built on a rocky outcrop overlooking the city. Just beyond the town lies the border of the region of Levant.
Castle of Almansa
picturesque places in Albacete, nestled on a cliffside above the Júcar river. The fertile farmlands provide a lush green background to this charming little town, crowned by a Moorish castle and the Church of San Andrés.
The area surrounding the castle has been declared a historic artistic complex. In the old quarter is the Palacio de los Condes de Cirat, also known as the Casa Grande. The Church of La Asunción is another monument of interest.
The Sierras of Alcaraz and Segura The Sierras of Alcaraz and Segura form a natural landscape fracturing the extensive plains of La Mancha. These are frontier lands which preserve important traces of their intense history. The valley of the Mundo river is without a doubt one of the greatest natural attractions in the Autonomous Community. The source of the Mundo river, a tributary of the Segura, emerges spectacularly from a
North of Chinchilla and Almansa is the white town of Alcalá del Júcar, one of the most
Town Hall of Chinchilla
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cave cascading down more than 100 meters below. Inside the Cave of Los Chorros (Cueva de los Chorros), there are more than 24 kilometers of galleries. Not very far from this impressive natural wonder is Riópar, a medieval town nestled among the pine trees. The head of the region is Alcaraz, where the natural beauty of its surroundings can be added to its own rich historical and artistic heritage. The twin towers called Trinidad and Tardón or Reloj on the Plaza Mayor have become the main identifying symbols, but not the only ones. The 15th century Gothic parish Church of the Santísma Trinidad preserves important works of art, in addition to an artistic portal and a Renaissance cloister.
Twin Towers of Trinidad and Tardón in Alcaraz
municipality in the Sierra de Segura in Albacete province. The town hovers precariously on a cliffside overlooking the Mundo river.
Elche de la Sierra is another town on the route in the Segura region and can be reached by taking a winding regional road. The town center features the Church of Santa Quiteria. West of the Fuensanta reservoir lies Yeste, crowned by a Moorish castle. In the old quarter stands the Church of La Asunción. Ayna is another interesting
Sierra of Alcaraz, Source of the Mundo River, Albacete
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CIUDAD REAL
Unfortunately, many of the traces of the city’s medieval past have disappeared. All that remains of the eight gates of the old walls encircling the old quarter is the Puerta de Toledo (1), built during the reign of Alfonso XI. Three churches help provide a glance at the city’s artistic heritage. The Church of Santiago (2) is considered the oldest in the capital. It was built at the end of the 13th century in the early Gothic style. The interior is simple but elegant with a central nave and two aisles. More ornate is the Holy Prioral Church of the Military Orders devoted to Santa María del Prado (3), a Cathedral since 1875. Six centuries were needed for its construction. The foundation is from the 13th century and the last additions from the 19th century. The tower crowning the cathedral was finished in this last period. In the interior, of special interest is the baroque altarpiece and the 18th century walnut choir stalls.
King Alfonso X “the Wise” founded “Villa Real” in the year 1255 as an outpost of the crown in an attempt to check the immense power held by the military orders in the province. It was not until 1420 that it acquired its present name, literally “Royal City”, after king Juan II, father of Isabella I, granted it the title of city. During the reign of the Catholic monarchs, Ciudad Real acquired its maximum significance. Two national highways head in the direction of Ciudad Real from the Autovía de Andalucía, the N-420 which connects Puerto Lápice with the province capital and the N-430, which runs through Manzanares. West of Ciudad Real, this same road continues on to Badajoz in Extremadura. The N-401 connects Ciudad Real with Toledo and Madrid. Church of Santiago
The Church of San Pedro (4), located near the Plaza Mayor, is one of the most notable monuments in Ciudad Real. This late 14th century Gothic church has a fortress-like appearance. Other religious buildings in Ciudad Real are the Parish Church of La Merced (5) and the 18
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Convents of La Merced (6) and the Carmelitas and Franciscanas (7). A tour through Ciudad Real is not complete without seeing the old Palacio Medrano (8), which preserves a lovely Renaissance doorway, now the site of the Rectorate of the University. The Provincial Museum (9) houses objects from the principal archeological sites in the province from the Lower Paleolithic to the Middle Ages. Among its treasures is the door to the old Jewish synagogue. The room with paintings by Antonio López and Gregorio Prieto is of particular interest. The Diocesan Museum (10) is located in the former Bishop’s Palace. Last of all, the Sanctuary of Nuestra Señora de Alarcos (11), eight kilometers from the capital on the Piedrabuena road, was the scene of one of the most decisive battles during the Christian Reconquest of Spain. This important IberianMedieval site has been declared an archeological park.
Puerta de Toledo in Ciudad Real
Campo de Calatrava Land of brave knights and cradle of legendary battles, Campo de Calatrava, in the southern part of Ciudad Real province, was a frontier with the Muslim world for a long time. The center of the region is Almagro. One of the most notable main squares (Plaza Mayor) in Castilla-La Mancha can be admired here. Within the square, the picturesque theater-courtyard of the Corral de Comedias, declared a National Monument, is a mustsee attraction. Also noteworthy is the Church of San Bartolomé and the Convent of La Asunción. Today, the city of Almagro is the epicenter of the theater in Castilla-La Mancha and is the site of the National Theater Museum which exhibits paintings, librettos, costumes and models from the period. The former Convent of San
Provincial Museum of Ciudad Real (Museo Provincial) Prado, 4 * 926 22 68 96 www.dipucr.es
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Francisco, near the Palacio de los Marqueses de Torremejía, was remodeled and converted into a Parador de Turismo hotel.
In the neighboring mountains and valleys of Alcudia lie two important industrial cities. First is Puertollano, with a modern urban center. On the Paseo de San Gregorio is the Fuente Agria, a fountain of iron-rich water dating back to the period of Felipe II. Second is Almadén, not far from the borders of the provinces of Badajoz and Córdoba. Aspects of its past as a mining town are still visible throughout the town. Almadén boasts some of the most notable Spanish industrial architecture from the 19th century.
The nearby town of Calzada de Calatrava is presided over by the remains of the castle of Salvatierra, perched imposingly on a hilltop. Another stronghold is the castle of Calatrava de la Nueva, built in 1217. The Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción and the Hospedería de los Caballeros are other sights to see in this historic town to the south of Almagro. El Viso del Marqués is the third most important town in this region. Here we find the Palacio de Don Alvaro de Bazán, presently the site of the Historical Archives of the Spanish Navy. The two-story mansion is decorated with frescoes painted by Italian artists. In the nearby village of Las Virtudes, there is an unusual square-shaped bulling (plaza de toros) dating from the 17th century.
National Theater Museum (Museo Nacional de Teatro) Callejón del Villar, 4 Almagro * 926 88 22 44
Plaza Mayor in Almagro
Almuradiel forms part of the colony of “New Towns” founded by Carlos III during the mid-eighteenth century. In its straight and orderly town center, we find the Church of the Inmaculada Concepción and the communal granary building called the “Pósito”. 21
Campo de Montiel Campo de Montiel is a vast area extending over the provinces of Ciudad Real and Albacete. Montiel, former capital of Campo de Montiel, preserves the remains of the 9th century Castillo de la Estrella (Star castle), as well as buildings such as the Sanctuary of the Santísimo Cristo de la Expiración and the Church of San Sebastián. East of the nature park of the Lagunas de Ruidera, the traveler encounters Ossa de Montiel with its parish Church of Santa María Magdalena. To the south lies Villanueva de los Infantes, dating from the Roman period. The town preserves one of the most outstanding collection of monuments in La Mancha. Adorning the Plaza Mayor is the Church of San Andrés. One of the interior chapels of the church contains the tomb of the great Spanish poet Francisco de
Ruidera Lagoons
Quevedo. Other important sights include the Hospital del Remedio, the Casa del Arco, the Church of the Convent of Santo Domingo, the Convent of the Dominicas de la Encarnación and the Church-Convent of the Franciscan Nuns. Attractive old homes and mansions abound. Villamanrique is found near the town Torre de Juan Abad. It is bathed by the waters of the Guadalén river. The Church of San Andrés, with Gothic traces and Renaissance accents, can be admired in the town center.
Church of San Andrés in Villanueva de los Infantes
CUENCA Cuenca was known during the Arab occupation as al Kunka. In September 1177, Alfonso VIII subdued the city for the Christians. Five years later it became a Bishop’s see. During the last half of the 13th century it received the title of city from Alfonso X “the Wise”, and during the lower Middle Ages, it lived its years of maximum splendor.
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sculpture. Owned by the Juan March Foundation, the permanent collection includes works by Chillida, Miralles, Tápies and Zóbel, among others. Installed in the Casa del Curato (2) is the Provincial Museum, with interesting Gothic remains. Nearby stands the Gothic Church of San Pedro (3). The baroque has also left its imprint in Cuenca with the Church of San Felipe Neri (4), the Hermitage of Nuestra Señora de las Angustias (5) and the Church of El Salvador (6), the main parish church in the 19th century. Several interesting altarpieces are to be found in the interior.
Cuenca can be reached by the N-400 road from Tarancón, a town situated along the N-III. The N-320 connects Cuenca with the cities of Guadalajara and Albacete. The N-420 leads to Teruel in lower Aragón. Declared a World Heritage Site by the UNESCO, the city of Cuenca is dramatically set between two gorges carved by the Júcar and Huécar rivers. The city’s chief symbols are the famous Hanging Houses (Casas Colgadas) (1). Originally civil baroque architecture from the 18th century, they were restored at the beginning of the 20th century. First built as a palace and later used as the Town Hall, they are now property of the city. Today they house the Museum of Spanish Abstract Art which displays a magnificent collection of Spanish contemporary painting and
Just strolling around the historic old quarter is the best way to enjoy the city. The myriad of Torre Mangana
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monuments deserve the visitor’s unhurried attention. Among the attractions, the convents and churches are interesting, especially the Church of San Miguel (7), a harmonious blend of different styles, including Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance. The Torre Mangana (8) is another artistic symbol of the city, forming part of the old Moorish fortress. One of the great historic treasures of Cuenca is its Cathedral (9) devoted to Nuestra Señora de Gracia, situated on one side of the Plaza Mayor. Construction was begun at the end of the 12th century, continuing with the first stages of the Gothic. The Gothic style can be especially admired in the interior. The last additions were not finished until the beginning of the 20th century. The cathedral’s ground plan was a Latin cross with a nave and an aisle on either side except in the transept, where there is a single nave. In 1902, the Giraldo tower collapsed affecting the main facade and led to the construction of the present neo-Gothic one.
Church of San Miguel
Convent of San Pablo (12), now a Parador de Turismo hotel. It can be reached by a road heading out from the modern quarter of the city, beyond the fertile banks of the river. There is also an iron footbridge spanning the gorge between the high part of the old quarter, descending from the Hanging Houses and leading to the Convent-Parador. The footbridge affords a lovely view of Cuenca. Museum of Spanish Abstract Art (Museo de Arte Abstracto Español) Hanging Houses (Casas Colgadas) * 969 21 29 83 Diocesan Museum (Museo Diocesano Catedralicio) Obispo Valero * 969 21 20 11
Adjacent to the Cathedral are the Bishop’s Palace (10) and Diocesan Museum (11) displaying treasures of religious art.
Provincial Museum (Museo Provincial). Obispo Valero, 6 * 969 21 30 69 www.cuenca.org
Opposite the Cathedral, looking over the Huécar river, is the 25
The Lands of Beteta
source of the Cuervo river (nacimiento del Cuervo), within the township of Vega del Codorno. The Health Spa (Balneario) Solán de Cabras is noted for its mineral and medicinal waters and has become the ideal starting point for visiting the lookouts called the “Rey” (King) and “Reina” (Queen). Beyond Beteta gorge is a route through lovely valleys leading to the towns of Cañizares, set on the slope of a small hill; Fuertescusa, with an interesting 18th century church; Cañamares, principal producer of wicker in the region; and Priego, a town of Roman origin superbly situated above the Escabas, a trout river par-excellence.
In northern Cuenca province, embracing the route of the Alto Tajo, extends a rural region, bordered by the Guadiela river. These are the Lands of Beteta. Valleys carpeted with dense layers of pine trees, deep gorges and spacious plateaus accompany the visit. The town of Beteta lies at the foot of the ruins of the Moorish Rochafrida castle. Formerly Vetera, the town can trace its origins back to the Roman period. Some remains of the ancient walls and gates are still preserved in the town center. Heading south, the traveler encounters the Hoz de Beteta, a narrow gorge carved out of limestone rocks through which the Guadiela river runs. An exceptionally beautiful spot with a series of cascades is the
Near Cañaveruelas, on the banks of the Buendía reservoir bounded by La Alcarria of Guadalajara, we find the Roman ruins of Ercávica. At one time it was a Roman city important enough to have a mint. Today it is an archeological park displaying a small part of its former splendor.
Priego
To the southeast, a few kilometers from Uña, is Ciudad Encantada, literally “Enchanted City”, an unusual geological phenomenon. It is not a city at all but a group of rock formations which have been sculpted into whimsical shapes 26
Uclés and Alarcón
Roman Theater in Segóbriga
through years of erosion by the wind and water on the limestone rocks. The rocks have taken on surprising shapes, so much so that they have acquired their own special names: “Sea of Stone,” “Roman Bridge”, “Elephant Fighting a Crocodile”, the “Tortoise”, “The Bears” and “High Boulder”.
Uña Lagoon
The knightly Order of Santiago in La Mancha chose Uclés as its headquarters. From the first decades of the 12th century, it played a fundamental role in the battles of the Christian Reconquest of Spain. Three centuries later, the construction of a monastery was begun, nicknamed “El Escorial of La Mancha”. (El Escorial is the massive monastery built by Felipe II in the outskirts of Madrid.) The monastery in Uclés is built around a beautiful two-story square courtyard. On the main facade, attention should focus on the Churrigeresque-style portal with a sculpture of the Apostle St. James. (Churrigueresque was the name given to an extremely ornate style of baroque architecture named after its originator, José Churriguera.) The church was built on at the northern wing. Two towers flank the entrance leading to a
preserved of the ancient thermal baths and circus. Another Roman city was Valeria, which still preserves part of an aqueduct and some streets and squares of the forum.
Monastery of Uclés
single nave. The chapels are of particular interest. The archeological park of Segóbriga recalls the importance the Roman settlement formerly enjoyed. Today, its Roman ruins are the setting of theater performances in spring and summer. The theater had a capacity of two thousand spectators, while the amphitheater held double this amount. Remains are also Castle of Alarcón
At the geographical limits of La Mancha in Cuenca province lies the historical town of Alarcón, set between deep gorges of the Júcar river. Its castle, witness to important historical events during the period of the Christian Reconquest, has been converted into a Parador de Turismo hotel. Adorning the Plaza Mayor, dedicated to the memory of prince Don Juan Manual, are the Church of San Juan Bautista and the Town Hall (Ayuntamiento).
Roman city of Valeria
GUADALAJARA
restored after it was severely damaged during the Spanish Civil War, presently houses the Museum, Provincial Archives and Public Library. This splendid palace is the most emblematic building in Guadalajara. It was commissioned by Íñigo López de Mendoza and designed by the architect Juan Guas. Its unusual Renaissance facade contrasts with the interior patio, also called the Lion’s courtyard because of the fanciful animals sculpted in stone.
The primitive Roman settlement of Arriaca became known as Wad-al-Hayara or “river of stones” during the Arab occupation. Alfonso VII granted it special rights and privileges in 1133, which were later expanded by Fernando III and Alfonso X. The city acquired its maximum splendor during the 15th and 16th centuries. At that time, king Juan II granted authority over the city to the Marquis of Santillana, Íñigo López de Mendoza.
Other important monuments are the Gothic-Mudéjar style Parish Church of Santiago (6), the Church of La Piedad (7) with a Plateresque portal, and the Cathedral of Santa María la Mayor (8), built in the Mudéjar style and reformed in the 17th century. The entranceway is adorned by elegant columns. Inside, the high altar is profusely decorated. Guadalajara also has other religious monuments, such
Guadalajara sits right off the N-II road, known as the Autovía de Aragón. The N-320 connects the capital to Cuenca via the lower Alcarria and the Buendía reservoir. The N-320 links Guadalajara with northern Madrid by the N-I. The Palacio de Don Antonio de Mendoza (1) is now a teaching institution. Of interest in the interior is the courtyard, one of the most notable examples of the Plateresque style in the Community. (Plateresque is an ornate form of Renaissance architecture in Spain.) The Chapel of La Piedad (2) and the Churches of San Ginés (3) and Los Remedios (4) are some good examples of religious architecture in the city. The Palacio del Infantado (5),
Guadalajara's Town Hall
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La Alcarria Numerous Spanish writers have found their inspiration in La Alcarria. The region’s singularity is illustrated by the charming villages which form it, by its rich artistic legacy and the dense architectural heritage. La Alcarria is a land of contrasts, high spacious plains, extensive countryside carpeted by fertile farmlands, slender valleys and steep slopes.
Church of San Nicolás in Guadalajara
as the Mudéjar-style Chapel of Luis Lucena (9), and the baroque Jesuit Church of San Nicolás el Real (10). Also meriting a visit is the Fuerte de San Francisco, a modernist-style building, formerly the military Equestrian Society of Engineers, and the Provincial Museum which houses collections from the requisitions resulting from the secularization of Church property by Mendizábal.
In the past, Torija was an important strategic site as the natural passageway from the sub-meseta to Aragón. Its medieval castle houses the ethnographic museum devoted to La Alcarria. On display inside are various editions of the book Journey to La Alcarria (Viaje a la Alcarria) by the Spanish Nobel prizewinner in literature, Camilo José Cela.
To one side of San Roque park stands the pantheon of the Duchess of Sevillano, built in 1887. The ground plan is in the shape of a Greek cross crowned by a dome and cross. The interior is somewhat austere.
Situated in the valley of Tajuña is Brihuega, in the heart of La Alcarria. The old fortified town is a maze of narrow streets. In the outskirts is the historical Royal Cloth Factory (Real Fábrica de Paños). Chronicles affirm that king Alfonso VI began the
Provincial Museum of Guadalajara (Museo Provincial) Palacio del Infantado Plaza de los Caídos * 949 21 33 01 www.guadalajara.interactiva.org
Castle of Torija
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Reconquest of Guadalajara, Madrid, Talavera and Toledo here. Not far from Trijueque is the town of Hita, home of Juan Ruiz, the Archpriest and author of the Book of Good Love (Libro del Buen Amor). The most notable feature in Hita is its porticoed Plaza Mayor.
View of Pastrana
Cifuentes, located between the valleys of the Tajo and Tajuña rivers, acts as the head of the region of La Alcarria. A castle rises on one of the two hills enclosing the hamlet. Cifuentes take its name from the numerous springs in the vicinity. The handsome Plaza Mayor merits a leisurely visit.
The main square of Cogolludo is presided over by the splendid Palacio Ducal. The facade of the palace is rusticated ashlar masonry with six large profusely decorated windows on the upper story. Blazoned over the entranceway is the duke’s coat of arms. The most important church in Cogolludo is Santa María, Gothic in style with diaphanous interior aisles.
The town of Pastrana boasts a Palacio Ducal, its most representative monument. This grand 16th century palace is flanked by two large towers. It was formerly the residence of the princess of Éboli, a distinguished figure at the court of Felipe II. Standing on the square is the Town Hall (Ayuntamiento) and the Collegiate Church of Nuestra Señora de la Asunción which houses an important museum of paintings and sculptures.
Jadraque is set on one side of the Henares valley. The most notable feature in the village is the castle which stands on a pronounced hill. At the foot of the hill, the village unfolds. In the medieval quarter, the Church of San Juan Bautista can be admired.
Museo de la Alcarria (La Alcarria Museum) Castillo de Torija * 949 88 75 00
Royal Cloth Factory in Brihuega 32
Sigüenza's Cathedral
La Serranía (Sigüenza and Atienza)
preserves the Casas de los Canónigos with a row of balconies and galleries; the Town Hall (Ayuntamiento) and the gate called Puerta del Toril. The Romanesque Church of San Vicente, the 13th century Cistercian Parish Church of Santiago with a Romanesque doorway and the Casa del Doncel, a mansion with a Gothic facade, also deserve the visitor’s attention.
Northwest of Guadalajara, near the valley of the Henares river, two towns stand out, Sigüenza and Atienza. During the Visigothic period, Sigüenza became the see of a bishop. Over one hundred bishops have passed through there since then. The town’s abundant patrimony was declared a historic-artistic complex in 1965.
Atienza acts as head of the highland region. A rich medieval history and monumental legacy can be admired here.
Sigüenza has a perfectly preserved old quarter with numerous traces of its interesting medieval past. The city is overlooked by a 12th century medieval castle (now a Parador de Turismo hotel). The Cathedral is another of the singular monuments. Begun in 1130 by French stonemasons in the Romanesque style, it was continued afterwards along Gothic lines. One of its chapels contains the lovely sculpted figure known as the “Doncel” (squire to Isabella, the Catholic). The Renaissance Plaza Mayor
Castle of Atienza
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Black slate architecture in Majaelrayo
Its privileged location made Atienza an important strategic site in the past and marked the dividing line between the two Castiles. The castle, “peña muy fuerte”, mentioned in El Cantar del Mío Cid (The Poem of El Cid), overshadows the city. Also of interest are the Church of Santa María del Rey, the Romanesque Churches of El Salvador and San Gil. This latter church houses the Museum of Religious Art, with paintings, sculpture and gold and silver works from the town’s old churches. The Plaza del Trigo is considered one of the loveliest in Castile.
south lies the village of Majaelrayo, beginning of the route of Black Architecture, featuring rural hamlets constructed with dark-colored slate. Off the main track of these itineraries, on the other side of the province of Guadalajara in the eastern portion, the picturesque town of Molina de Aragón can be found. The town is crowned by an impressive medieval castle and a solid circuit of walls. On the highest part of the hill stands the Torre de Aragón, a defensive tower which provides a good view of the surrounding countryside. Religious buildings include the Church of San Martín, situated next to the Palacio del Virrey de Manila.
In the northern part of the province lies Tierra de Ayllón, a wild mountainous area where villages devoted to agriculture and livestock have prospered. Close to the borders of Segovia and Soria provinces, the town of Cantalojas is one of the entranceways to the nature park called Parque Natural del Hayedo de Tejera Negra. To the
Cathedral Museum (Museo Catedralicio) Cathedral of Sigüenza * 949 39 05 48
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TOLEDO Toledo is Castilla-La Mancha’s monumental jewel and one of Spain’s greatest artistic treasures. The UNESCO has deservedly declared it a World Heritage Site. Hemmed in by the gorge of the Tajo river, the old quarter encapsulates most of the historic sights in the city. A wealth of architectural structures evokes the city’s Arab legacy, as well as Renaissance, Mudéjar and Gothic achievements. In fact, the city of the “three cultures” (Christian, Islamic, Hebrew), as it was historically called, received during many centuries the title of imperial capital.
Bridge of Alcántara
characterized by a multitude of entrance gates. Of special interest are the Puerta de Alfonso VI (1), of Arab origin and the Puerta de Bisagra (2). This latter gate served as the main entranceway to the city for many years. Two massive round towers flank the entrance and above the arch, a superb coat of arms of emperor Charles V can be admired. Other important gates include the Puerta de Alcántara (3) and the Puerta de Cambrón (4). The defensive character of the city is displayed in the bridge of Alcántara (4), built by the Romans, and in the bridge of San Martín (6). These entranceways lead to steep narrow streets that wind up at busy squares like the Plaza de Zocodover.
Toledo can be reached via the N-401 road originating in Madrid and continuing on to Ciudad Real. The N-400 comes out of Aranjuez, and the N-403 connects with the Autovía N-V. The circuit of walls around the city already existed during the Roman period, but the Arabs completed their present design, Puerta de Bisagra
Nearby stands the Museum of Santa Cruz. The Renaissance building was commissioned by Cardinal Pedro González de Mendoza for a hospital. Today it 35
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14 El Tránsito Synagogue. Sephardic Museum 15 House-Museum of Victorio Macho 16 Cathedral Primate 17 Puerta Nueva de Bisagra 18 Church of San Ildefonso 19 Palacio de Lorenzana 20 Alcázar 21 House-Museum of El Greco 22 Museum of Contemporary Art
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Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca
is considered one of the most important provincial museums in Spain. Of particular interest are the collections of paintings by the masters of the 15th through 17th centuries, especially the El Greco collection.
The Church of San Román (12) houses the Museum of the Councils and Visigothic Culture. The cultural diversity that coexisted in Toledo is attested by the synagogues, such as Santa María la Blanca (13), the oldest one, inspired by the art of the “Almohades” from the Maghreb. El Tránsito Synagogue (14) houses the Sephardic Museum. In the interior, the Great Prayer Room should be visited to admire its fine coffered ceiling and walls decorated with plaster tracery. The synagogue is next to the
The Mezquita del Cristo de la Luz (7), built before the Christian Reconquest, is a replica of Córdoba’s famous mosque. Also important are the Mudéjar churches of Santiago del Arrabal (8), near the Puerta de Bisagra. According to chroniclers, it was founded in the 11th century as an Arab mosque. From that period, a free-standing tower remains, an old minaret from the 12th century, now a bell tower. Other notable churches are the ones devoted to Cristo de la Vega (9) and San Vicente (10). In the small Church of Santo Tomé (11), El Greco’s masterpiece The Burial of the Count of Orgaz is displayed.
Church of Cristo de la Vega
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Church of Santo Tomé
House-Museum of Victorio Macho (15), a sculptor who worked in Toledo following realist trends prevalent before the Spanish Civil War. Nearby, at the edge of the Jewish quarter, is the Monastery of San Juan de los Reyes, a monument in which the Gothic style was used in all its forms and possibilities. The Cathedral Primate (16) of Spain is an extraordinary monument displaying great originality in its construction. First, it was a Visigothic temple
Toledo's Cathedral
and later, a great mosque. Throughout the centuries, it was consecrated as the Church of Santa María until it became a cathedral. The temple is enriched by a variety of different styles, although the Gothic predominates on the facade as well as in the interior with its central nave and double aisles on each side. It has twenty-two chapels and houses a rich collection of sculptures and paintings by El Greco, Lucas Jordán, Juan de Borgoña, Van Dyck, Tristán and Goya. Facing the Cathedral stand the Bishop’s Palace and the Town Hall. From Toledo’s vast artistic heritage, examples of Renaissance architecture are to be admired, such as the gate called Puerta Nueva de Bisagra (17). Pertaining to the Baroque are the Church of San Ildefonso (18) and the Palacio de Lorenzana (19), seat of the University. The Alcázar (20) stands on the highest point of the city. This citadel houses the Military Museum and the second largest public library in Spain, after Madrid’s National Library.
The House-Museum of El Greco (21) contains an array of paintings and memorabilia of the great artist who immortalized the city of Toledo in his art. Another interesting place to visit is the Museum of Contemporary Art (22) with works by Spanish painters including Antonio López, Alberto Sánchez, Arredondo and Benjamín Palencia.
Castle of Consuegra
The Castle Route On the opposite bank of the Tajo, which the Toledans popularly call the valley, there are paths leading to lookout points with beautiful views of the city. This area is scattered with “cigarrales”, a name given to the country homes in this area.
Few provinces in Spain can boast as many castles and fortresses as Toledo. Towns displaying vestiges of the invasions, battles and conquests that took place in these Castilian lands are numerous. There is even a tourist route to the strongholds of Toledo located primarily in the southern part of the province. Many of the castles were built by Arab legions as watch posts during the Christian raids, such as the one in Almonacid de Toledo. In the 11th century, this castle underwent a series of reforms giving it a fortress-like appearance with its barbican and keep. The castle in Mascaraque was also built during the period of Arab domination. In Mora de Toledo, the castle received the name of “Peñas Negras” and was given by Alfonso VIII to the knightly Order of Santiago in 1175. The stronghold at Manzaneque,
Museum of the Cathedral Treasury (Museo del Tesoro Catedralicio) Arco de Palacio, 2 * 925 22 22 41 Contemporary Art Museum (Museo de Arte Contemporáneo) Bulas * 925 22 78 71 Church of Santo Tomé Plaza del Conde * 925 25 60 98 Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca Reyes Católicos, 4 * 925 22 72 57 www.toledo.org
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interest is the castle in Los Yébenes, as well as the ones in Orgaz and Sonseca, both built in the 12th century. In Maqueda, the castle is located on the outskirts of the urban center. The moat, square ground plan and five round towers are the most interesting features.
Castle of Orgaz
built in the 15th century by Íñigo de Arévalo, has resisted well the passage of time. Other illustrious fortresses include the one in Consuegra, pertaining to the first years of the Christian Reconquest. Given during the reign of Alfonso VIII to a brotherhood, founders of the Gran Priorato de la Mancha, this castle has a double circuit of walls and various large towers. Also of
Castle of Maqueda
Talavera de la Reina and Oropesa Talavera de la Reina, famous for its pottery, is the largest city in the province of Toledo. During the Roman period, it took the name of Caesaerobriga and later, the Visigoths called it Ebora. It has always been a rich agricultural and livestock center, and its traditional livestock fairs attest to this fact. The most outstanding monuments are the bridge of Santa Catalina, also known as the old or Roman bridge, and the Bishop’s Palace (Palacio Arzobispal), built in the 17th century in the baroque style and located on the Plaza del Plan, nerve center of the city. Also worth visiting are the Collegiate Church of Santa María la Mayor, from the late 12th century; the Colegio Cervantes with a Renaissance portal, and the Mudéjar Church of Santiago, with Gothic influences.
Castle of Oropesa
Roman bridge in Talavera de la Reina
Finally, Oropesa is another of the illustrious towns in Toledo province. In the 15th century, it became a countship by a grant from the Catholic Monarchs. The old quarter is an irregular pattern of streets on which various religious and civil buildings can be seen, including the 12th century castle, now a Parador de Turismo hotel. Also meriting visits are the Parish Church of La Asunción, the Jesuit Church of San Bernardo and the Colegio de los Jesuitas.
LEISURE AND EVENTS Fairs and Festivals Many are the traditional fairs and festivals held throughout Castilla-La Mancha, but none is as solemn as Corpus Christi in Toledo, declared of International Tourist Interest. One of the most famous processions in Spain passes through ancient streets and by balconies adorned with cloaks of flowers, tapestries woven in thyme and rosemary and hanging lanterns. The covered exterior walls of Toledo’s Cathedral present a lovely background. The night before the procession, the route is inaugurated by the local authorities. The Grand Week of Corpus is celebrated in connection with this festival with intense participation by the townspeople of Toledo. Corpus Christi is also held in Guadalajara, where the Brotherhood of the Corral de Comedias in Almagro
Apostles dresses up to portray the Apostles and Jesus and take part in the procession. Also interesting are the Corpus festivals in Valverde de los Arroyos in Guadalajara province, where they organize the Octava del Corpus with ancient dances like the Paloteo, the Cintas and the Perucha. Other celebrations of International Tourist Interest in the Community of Castilla-La Mancha are “Semana Santa” (Holy Week) and the Week of Religious Music of Cuenca held during or around Easter. During several days, medieval Cuenca provides the background for a solemn procession which starts out at the main churches. The streets are taken over by the turbas, groups of penitents with drums and trumpets who walk backwards reciting the words of Jesus on his way to the Cross.
Classical music groups from all over Europe converge in Cuenca during the Week of Religious Music. Holy Week is also observed brilliantly in Toledo with colorful penitent stations, as well as in the towns of Hellín and Tobarra in Albacete province, famous for their tamborradas (as many as 5,000 drummers play continuously for over 100 hours). Both festivals have been declared of National Tourist Interest.
Medieval Festival in Hita
Carnaval, a form of Mardi Gras, is enthusiastically celebrated throughout the region. In Albacete, the festivities are particularly original. The Thursday before Lent is the famous Jueves Lardero, where tradition dictates the festivities include a picnic to the country. Other famous “Carnavales” include those in Herencia and Miguelturra. In Alcázar de San Juan, “Carnaval” is held in December instead of February.
The origin of the centuries-old festival of La Caballada in Atienza can be attributed to king Alfonso VIII. The “romería” (celebration held near a shrine) takes place at the Hermitage of the Estrella on Whitsunday. In Hita, each July, they commemorate the works of the great author and poet Juan Ruiz, the Archpriest. The Medieval Festival is reminiscent of the minstrel ambience the town probably enjoyed during the 11th century.
The traditional Mayos are celebrated in a good part of La Mancha, in particular the Cuencan towns of Las Majadas and Belinchón. A popular “romería” in the springtime is the one organized every year in Toledo in honor of the Virgen del Valle.
In Almonacid del Marquesado, near the Roman ruins of Segóbriga in Cuenca province, the first days of February are witness to the popular La Endiablada (Festival of the Bewitched) where religious elements mix with merrymaking and feasting.
Especially noteworthy in Ciudad Real is “La Pandorga” which takes place on July 31st. The festival has been declared of regional tourist interest and is celebrated in honor of the patroness, the “Virgen del Prado”. 43
During the last weekend in October, the Toledan town of Consuegra holds the “Rosa del Azafrán” festival. Among the folkloric events, there are contests in which the expert hands of the local women separate the stigmas from the flower of the saffron plant. Local Cuisine
In Almagro, theater lovers of the comic and dramatic genres have an annual engagement at the International Classical Theater Festival. The date is between the second and third week of July.
many of the desserts and ancient recipes. In Cuenca, the dish parexcellence is the “morteruelo”, a different paté from the one in Guadalajara, made with ground pork liver, game (hare, rabbit or partridge), hen, Serrano ham, lard, nuts and a variety of spices (cinnamon, clove, caraway seed, pepper and paprika). No less tempting to the palate are the “ajoarriero” (salted cod and potatoes) and “atascaburras”, a puree made with salted cod, garlic and potato.
Cuisine The cuisine is another temptation the visitor will find in Castilla-La Mancha. The diversity of the land allows the visitor to relish the delicious meats, as well as the tasty trout or crab from the abundant rivers in the region. In Albacete, the tasty gazpacho made with a crunchy flatbread has merited fame. Other dishes are mountain rabbit and hare; “migas” (fried breadcrumbs) and “gachas” (a kind of hasty pudding). In Guadalajara, lamb and kid are savored; fine trout and crab, without forgetting the “morteruelo serrano”, a type of paté of blended meats to spread on toasted bread. Honey from La Alcarria appears in a good
The gastronomy in Toledo does not differ essentially. The great Spanish author Lope de Vega praised it highly in his La Noche Toledana. Alexander Dumas also wrote that Toledo was the Spanish city where he had eaten the best. In fact, Toledo is a province rich in game, and consequently, the most wellknown dishes are the Toledostyle partridge, marinated boar, 44
pickled trout and “cuchifrito” (crunchy fried pieces of suckling pig). Toledo is also famous for its sweets. Prize-winning marzipan and “turron” (nougat) from Sonseca, “melindres” (lady-finger biscuits) from Yepes, “yemas” (small egg-yolk cakes) from Illescas, “Delicias de Mora” and “Dulcineas” from El Toboso are some of the most appetizing sweet treats.
La Mancha make cheese from the half million sheep raised on these plains. The wines from Castilla-La Mancha have earned their fame. In this region, there are five different controlled wine-producing areas, but perhaps the most famous is Valdepeñas. Vineyards can be found throughout Montiel and Calatrava.
Handicrafts
Finally, the cuisine of Ciudad Real, immortalized by Cervantes, also has its main source of inspiration in game dishes. The “pistos” (sautéed tomatoes, zucchini, peppers and onion served with scrambled eggs), “asadillo” (roast skinned peppers and tomatoes with garlic), eggplant, “migas” (fried breadcrumbs), “gachas” (a type of hasty pudding), along with “galianos” (shepard’s soup made with broth and fried unleavened bread) and “gazpachos manchegos” (mixed game paté), as well as lamb stews are excellent choices on the menu crowned by “tiznao”, a simmered stew prepared from roasted products.
The crafts tradition in the region is as long as it is varied in its production. Ceramics from Talavera de la Reina and Puente del Arzobispo in Toledo province, are probably the most famous in the region. The embroidery and lace from the Toledan region of Jara have also acquired great prestige. The towns of Lagartera and Oropesa form part of handicraft history Ceramics in Talavera de la Reina
Two products symbolize the gastronomy of La Mancha. They are cheese and wine. Manchego cheese is made from sheep’s milk and has its own designation of origin. At present, more the three hundred towns in 45
Cuenca, artisan activity is being reborn with work in wood, such as the objects made by veteran carpenters in Landete, Iniesta and Belmonte. Taxidermy is extended throughout the Autonomous Community because of the hunting in numerous regions. Some of the best taxidermists work in Mota del Cuervo in Cuenca province. Wicker is another of the ways that Cuenca has to express its fondness for handcrafted items. The livelihood of towns such as Priego, Tarancón and Horcajo de Santiago owe a good deal to wickerwork.
with their colorful and prestigious embroidered linens and tablecloths. The manufacture of swords in Toledo forms part of a tradition dating back to the Middle Ages. The majority of the production today is earmarked for the tourist industry, although sabers are made for various armies around the world. No less emblematic are the famous knives from Albacete. Knifemaking is a tradition which dates back to the Moors and has maintained its extraordinary quality and craftsmanship to the present day. The manufacture of bronze in Riópar also merits mentioning.
Guadalajara province is a land of numerous handicraft enclaves. Worth mentioning are the pottery, ceramics and brass from Sigüenza, Cifuentes and Brihuega.
The most characteristic craft in the province of Ciudad Real is the intricate art of bobbin lacemaking in Almagro, an activity extending lately to other towns in the province. Also in
Handcrafted wicker in Priego
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USEFUL INFORMATION International Telephone Prefix: 34
Albacete N-301, Km 251. 02000 Albacete * 967 24 53 21. Fax 967 24 32 71 e-mail:
[email protected]
Tourist Information: TURESPAÑA 901 300 600 www.tourspain.es
Almagro Ronda San Francisco, 31 13270 Almagro (Ciudad Real) * 926 86 01 00. Fax 926 86 01 50 e-mail:
[email protected]
Dirección General de Turismo, Comercio y Artesanía Avenida Río Estenilla, s/n 45071 Toledo * 925 26 78 00. Fax 925 26 94 70 www.jccm.es
Cuenca Paseo Hoz del Huécar 16001 Cuenca * 969 23 23 20. Fax 969 23 25 34 e-mail:
[email protected]
LOCAL TOURIST OFFICES Albacete. Posada del Rosario Calle del Tinte, 2 * 967 58 05 22 Ciudad Real. Calle Alarcos, 21 * 926 21 20 03 Cuenca. Plaza Mayor * 969 23 21 19 Guadalajara. Plaza de los Caídos, 6 * 949 21 16 26 Toledo. Puerta de Bisagra * 925 22 08 43
Manzanares Autovía de Andalucía, Km 174 13200 Manzanares (Ciudad Real) * 926 61 04 00. Fax 926 61 09 35 e-mail:
[email protected]
PARADOR DE TURISMO HOTELS
Oropesa Plaza Palacio, 1 45560 Oropesa (Toledo) * 925 43 00 00. Fax 925 43 07 77 e-mail:
[email protected]
Reservation Center: Calle Requena, 3 28013-Madrid * 91 516 66 66 Fax 91 516 66 57 www.parador.es e-mail:
[email protected]
Sigüenza Plaza del Castillo 19250 Sigüenza (Guadalajara) * 949 39 01 00. Fax 949 39 13 64 e-mail:
[email protected]
Alarcón Avenida de los Castillos, 3 16213 Alarcón (Cuenca) * 969 33 03 15. Fax 969 33 03 03 e-mail:
[email protected]
Toledo Cerro del Emperador 45002 Toledo * 925 22 18 50. Fax 925 22 51 66 e-mail:
[email protected] 47
GENERAL INFORMATION
SPANISH TOURIST INFORMATION OFFICES ABROAD
National Police 091 Local Police 092 Civil Guard 062
CANADA. Toronto. Tourist Office of Spain 2 Bloor Street West Suite 3402 TORONTO, Ontario M4W 3E2 * (1416) 961 31 31 fax (1416) 961 19 92 e-mail:
[email protected]
Medical Emergencies: Albacete * 967 21 90 50 Ciudad Real * 926 22 33 22 Cuenca * 969 22 22 00 Guadalajara * 949 22 84 81 Toledo * 925 22 22 22
GREAT BRITAIN. London. Spanish Tourist Office 22-23 Manchester Square LONDON W1M 5AP * (44207) 486 80 77 fax (44207) 486 80 34 e-mail:
[email protected]
TRANSPORT Renfe (national railways) Information and Reservations: * 902 24 02 02 High-speed AVE train Ciudad Real Station General Information: * 926 22 02 02 AVE train. Puertollano Station General Information: * 926 41 02 02
JAPAN. Tokyo. Tourist Office of Spain Daini Toranomon Denki Bldg.4F. 3-1-10 Toranomon. Minato-Ku TOKYO-105 * (813) 34 32 61 41 fax (813) 34 32 61 44 e-mail:
[email protected]
Buses Albacete * 967 21 60 12 Ciudad Real * 926 21 13 42 Cuenca * 969 22 70 87 Guadalajara * 949 88 70 94 Toledo * 925 21 58 50
RUSSIA. Moscow. Spanish Tourist Office Tverskaya – 16/2 Business Center “Galeria Aktor” 6th floor MOSCOW 103009 * (7095) 935 83 97 fax (7095) 935 83 96 e-mail:
[email protected]
48
SINGAPORE. Singapore Spanish Tourist Office 541 Orchard Road Liat Tower # 09-04 238881 SINGAPORE * (657) 37 30 08 fax (657) 37 31 73 e-mail:
[email protected] UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Los Angeles Tourist Office of Spain 8383 Wilshire Blvd, Suite 960 BEVERLY HILLS, CA 90211 * (1323) 658 71 95 fax (1323) 658 10 61 e-mail:
[email protected] Chicago. Tourist Office Of Spain Water Tower Place, suite 915 East 845 North Michigan Avenue CHICAGO, IL 60611 * (1312) 642 19 92 fax (1312) 642 98 17 e-mail:
[email protected] Miami. Tourist Office of Spain 1221 Brickell Avenue MIAMI, Florida 33131 * (1305) 358 19 92 fax (1305) 358 82 23 e-mail:
[email protected] New York.Tourist Office of Spain 666 Fifth Avenue 35 th floor NEW YORK, N.Y. 10103 * (1212) 265 88 22 fax (1212) 265 88 64 e-mail:
[email protected]
EMBASSIES IN MADRID Canada: Nuñez de Balboa, 35 * 91 431 43 00, fax 91 431 23 67
Great Britain: Fernando El Santo, 16 * 91 319 02 00, fax 91 308 10 33 Japan: Serrano, 109 * 91 590 76 00, fax 91 590 13 21 Russia: Velazquez, 155 * 91 562 22 64, fax 91 562 97 12 United States of America: Serrano, 75 * 91 587 22 00, fax 91 587 23 03
Text: Manuel Mateo Pérez Translation: J. West Photographs: Turespaña Archives Graphic Design: Megacolor, S.A. Published by:
© Turespaña Secretaría de Estado de Comercio y Turismo Ministerio de Economía Printed by: Grafoffset S.L. D.L. M. 32882-2001 NIPO: 380-01-025-5 Printed in Spain First Edition
Castilla-La Mancha
Spain MINISTERIO DE ECONOMÍA
SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE COMERCIO Y TURISMO SECRETARÍA GENERAL DE TURISMO TURESPAÑA
EUROPEAN COMMUNITY European Regional Development Fund
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