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Consumo de Energía Primaria (millones de tep) 200 180 160 140
(Mtep)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990
1995
2000
2004
Escenario Tendencial/ PER
2010
2012
Escenario Eficiencia
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Producción con energías renovables en 2004 (1)
Potencia (MW)
Producción en términos de Energía Primaria (ktep)
Producción (GWh)
Generación de electricidad Hidráulica (> 50 MW) (2) Hidráulica (Entre 10 y 50 MW) Hidráulica (< 10 MW) Biomasa R.S.U. Eólica Solar fotovoltaica Biogás Solar termoeléctrica
13.521 2.897 1.749 344 189 8.155 37 141
23.673 5.097 4.729 2.193 1.223 15.056 57 825
-
1.863 438 407 680 395 1.295 5 267
-
TOTAL ÁREAS ELÉCTRICAS
-
27.032
52.852
5.350
2
Usos térmicos
m Solar t. baja temp.
Biomasa Biogás Solar térmica de baja temperatura Geotermia
(ktep)
3.487 28 51 8
700.805
TOTAL ÁREAS TÉRMICAS
3.574
Biocarburantes (Transporte) TOTAL BIOCARBURANTES
228
TOTAL ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
9.152
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA PRIMARIA (ktep)
141.567
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
6,5%
(1): Datos de 2004, reales provisionales (a marzo-2005) (2): Incluye producción con bombeo puro.
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PLAN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES 2005-2010 Síntesis de Escenarios Energéticos y Escenarios de Energías Renovables Producción en términos de Energía Primaria (ktep)
2004 (1)
2010
Escenarios de Energías Renovables
Probable
Actual TOTAL ÁREAS ELÉCTRICAS
5.973
7.846
TOTAL ÁREAS TÉRMICAS
3.538
3.676
TOTAL BIOCARBURANTES TOTAL ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
228
528
9.739
12.050
Optimista
13.574 4.445 2.200 20.220
17.816 5.502 2.528 25.846
Escenario Energético: Tendencial Consumo de Energía Primaria (ktep)
141.567
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
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166.900
6,9%
7,2%
167.350 15,4%
Escenario Energético: Eficiencia Consumo de Energía Primaria (ktep)
141.567
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
159.807
6,9%
160.007
7,5%
160.257
12,6%
16,1%
(1): Datos provisionales. Para energía hidráulica, eólica, solar fotovoltaica y solar térmica, se incluye la producción correspondiente a un año medio, a partir de las potencias y superficie en servicio a 31 de diciembre, de acuerdo con las características de las instalaciones puestas en marcha hasta la fecha, y no el dato real de 2004. No incluidos biogás térmico y geotermia, que en 2004 representan 28 y 8 ktep.
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DISTRIBUCIÓN PORCENTUAL DE LA INVERSIÓN EN UNA MINICENTRAL HIDROELÉCTRICA Ingeniería y Dirección de Obra Equipos Eléctricos, Regulación, Control y Línea
Obra Civil
8%
22 %
40 %
30 %
Grupo Turbogenerador
%
4
92:-
6
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+ 'O 5
Central hidroeléctrica menor de 10 MW
Central hidroeléctrica entre 10 y 50 MW
4,5 -- 6,1
4,1 -- 5,6
Coste de Generación (cent / kWh) 9 A4
! ?0
+ 'O
(++ THJO B
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anual hasta el 2010) y un abanico entre 3.500 y 2.600 horas netas de funcionamiento equivalente. A4 ?0 + 5 (+ 'O #++ THJO B =)< anual hasta el 2010) y un abanico entre 2.500 y 1.800 horas netas de funcionamiento equivalente.
%
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360
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Comunidad Autónoma
Situación Año 2004 (MW)
Incremento 2005-2010 (MW)
Potencia al 2010 (MW)
198 194 90 0 1 54 264 105 232 25 215 46 18 161 46 45 55
30 40 10 0 1 5 90 40 50 7 102 3 4 34 10 13 11
228 234 100 0 2 59 354 145 282 32 317 49 22 195 56 58 66
1.749
450
2.199
ANDALUCÍA ARAGÓN ASTURIAS BALEARES CANARIAS CANTABRIA CASTILLAY LÉON CASTILLA-LA MANCHA CATALUÑA EXTREMADURA GALICIA MADRID MURCIA NAVARRA LA RIOJA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA PAIS VASCO TOTAL:
%
9B:1292
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ÁREA MINIHIDRÁULICA (MENOR DE 10 MW) TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 INCREMENTO POTENCIA ANUAL MW %
9@:-
70
70
70
80
80 "
80
450 :
* 4
!
,+
ÁREA MINIHIDRÁULICA (MENOR DE 10 MW) TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 GWh 109
PRODUCCIÓN ANUAL %
326
543
775 1.023 1.271
12:-
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(# 'O
ÁREA HIDRÁULICA ENTRE 10 Y 50 MW
Comunidad Autónoma
Situación Año 2004 (MW)
Incremento 2005-2010 (MW)
Potencia al 2010 (MW)
285 476 153 0 0 43 378 154 679 112 432 53 14 20 0 69 29
47 33 0 0 0 0 65 30 25 0 86 0 0 28 0 46 0
332 509 153 0 0 43 443 184 704 112 518 53 14 48 0 115 29
2.897
360
3.257
ANDALUCÍA ARAGÓN ASTURIAS BALEARES CANARIAS CANTABRIA CASTILLAY LÉON CASTILLA-LA MANCHA CATALUÑA EXTREMADURA GALICIA MADRID MURCIA NAVARRA LA RIOJA COMUNIDAD VALENCIANA PAIS VASCO TOTAL:
%
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ÁREA HIDRÁULICA ENTRE 10 Y 50 MW TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 INCREMENTO POTENCIA ANUAL MW %
57
57
60
11:-
86
67
33
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5
7
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ÁREA HIDRÁULICA ENTRE 10 Y 50 MW TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 INVERSIÓN ANUAL %
6
mill.
39,8
40,6
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40
58
46
25
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ÁREA MINIHIDRÁULICA (MENOR DE 10 MW) TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 mill.
APOYO PÚBLICO %
1@:-
3 )
10
16
24
H
32
"
40
125
:
ÁREA HIDRÁULICA ENTRE 10 Y 50 MW TOTAL 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2005-2010 mill.
APOYO PÚBLICO %
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%
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$
36 m2 Melilla
Fuente: IDAE Datos provisionales.
122?
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90000
Superficie instalada anual (miles de m2)
800000
Realizado 1999-2004
8%
Pendiente 2005-2010
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Objetivo total 2 2010: 4.500.000 m
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Superficie acumulada (miles de m2)
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POTENCIA DE ENERGÍA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA INSTALAD EN LA U.E. EN 2003 (MWp) 410,3
Alemania
277,6
Paises Bajos
28,6
España
26,9 20,5
Italia
26,0 22
Potencia TOTAL
Año 2003 572,3 MWp
21,7 17,1
Francia
Año 2002 392,8 MWp
16,8 10,3
Austria
5,9 4,1
Año 2001 Reino Unido 282,3 MWp Año 2000 182,2 MWp Año 1999 127,3 MWp
50,5
Suecia
3,6 3,3
Finlandia
3,4 3,1
Grecia
3,3 2,4
Portugal
2,1 1,7
Dinamarca
1,9 1,6 0
%
%
50
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100
.
150
200
250
300
350
400
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4,107
2,384
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1,196
1,327
1,778
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1,032 TOTAL: 37,0 MWp
0,772 SIN 0,869 SIN REGIONALIZAR ASIGNAR POR CC.AA.
%
Fuente: IDAE
4+
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25,00
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20,00 INSTALADO ACUMULADO
15,00
4,00
Potencia acumulada (MWp)
Potencia instalada anual (MWp)
35,00
REALIZADO HASTA 2004 PENDIENTE 2005-2010
10,00
10,00 2,00 5,00
0,00
0,00 < 1990
%
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
4+
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5
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40,00
35,00
30,00
25,00
20,00
15,00
10,00
5,00
0,00
2000
2001
2002
2003
Aislada
9,25
10,35
11,31
12,46
14,00
Conectada
2,85
5,35
9,19
14,54
23,00
12,10
15,70
20,50
27,00
37,00
TOTAL
%
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BP SOLAR 15,5 MWp 28%
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Andalucía Aragón Asturias Baleares Canarias Cantabria Castilla-La Mancha Castilla-León Cataluña Com. Valenciana Extremadura Galicia La Rioja Madrid Navarra País Vasco Región de Murcia TOTAL
Porcentaje
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Porcentaje
1.152.960 730.930 2.180 21.880 2.030 1.830 1.188.480 2.863.020 605.670 97.490 380.510 181.380 97.830 101.100 331.110 92.170 15.460 7.866.030
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Cultivos energéticos (tep)
Andalucía Aragón Asturias Baleares Canarias Cantabria Castilla-La Mancha Castilla-León Cataluña Com. Valenciana Extremadura Galicia La Rioja Madrid Navarra País Vasco Región de Murcia TOTAL
Porcentaje
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Tamaño planta
[1]
Inversiones Inversiones material Total inversión material Inversión inmaterial Total inversión inmaterial Terrenos Stock inicial de cereales IVA inversión Total inversiones Amortización material Amortización inmaterial Estructura de costes Costes fijos
Total costes fijos
Para E5 200 Meuros 136,1 22,0
[2] [3]
179,3 27,2 4,4 Euro/l
Personal O+M y distribución Mantenimiento planta Otros costes fijos Amortización material Amortización inmaterial
0,2615
Costes variables Enzimas y químicos Agua y electricidad Gas natural Otros costes variables Total costes variables Ingresos adicionales
Total ingresos adicionales Subtotal costos netos (sin materia prima) Materia prima Costes netos totales Costes de transporte y distribución Costes de ventas Margen sobre ventas Venta de producto sin impuesto
0,1233
DDGS Electricidad y otros
Cereal [4]
0,1828 0,2021 0,3823 0,5843 0,0467 0,6310 0,0000 0,6310
[1] En millones de litros. Datos basados en casos reales [2] En el total de inversiones se han incluido todas ellas, pero en el cálculo de la amortización se ha incluido sólo el material y el inmaterial [3] Se consideran amortizaciones a cinco años [4] Se incluye como materia prima sólo el cereal, ya que el alcohol vínico no se considera sostenible a medio plazo
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PROPUESTA DE FINANCIACIÓN PLAN DE E NERGÍAS RENOVABLES (P ER) 2005 -2010
Fecha:
(Importes en millones euros)
OBJETIVO PRESUPUESTARIO PLAN DE PLAN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES 2005-2010
1)
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
2010
Total 2005-2010
160,20
499,12
965,95
1.554,28
2.241,94
3.070,77
8.492,26
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
2010
Total 2005-2010
32,04
45,66
50,61
48,08
52,20
5 5,44
284,03
ÁREA SOLAR TÉRMICA
21,22
31,42
59,85
67,73
76,91
9 0,95
348,08
ÁREA SOLAR TERMOELÉCTRICA
0,00
1,20
0,00
5 ,00
0,00
0,00
6,20
ÁREA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA
8,89
3,80
4,97
6 ,09
8,35
1 0,52
42,62
2)
TOTAL SUBVENCIONES
62,14
82,08
115,43
126,90
137,46
156,91
680,93
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
2010
4,85
14,76
24,83
36,18
48,53
5 9,92
189,06
62,02
195,64
347,16
510 ,07
668,64
815,36
2.598,87
ÁREA BIOMASA ELÉCTRICA
2,30
23,33
73,60
170 ,85
311,35
478,49
1.059,92
ÁREA BIOGÁS
0,92
2,81
5,13
8 ,47
13,48
1 8,61
49,42
ÁREA SOLAR TERMOELÉCTRICA
0,00
4,82
24,46
99,20
176,03
255,00
559,51
9,42
22,67
46,56
85,01
APORTACIONES TARIFA ELÉCTRICA AL PER ÁREA HIDROELÉCTRICA ÁREA EÓLICA
ÁREA SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA
3)
TOTAL APORTACIONES TARIFA ELÉCTRICA
INCENTIV OS FISCAL ES A BIOCARBURANTES ÁREA BIOCARBURANTES
4)
TOTAL INCENTIVOS FISCALES
CONSIGNACIONES PRESUPUESTARIAS IDAE
79,50
264,03
521,74
909,77
134,92
200,84
1.352,95
1.828,21
Total 2005-2010
499,42 4.956,20
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
2010
Total 2005-2010
18,55
153,01
328,78
517 ,61
751,53
1.085,65
2.855,13
18,55
153,01
328,78
517 ,61
751,53
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
1.085,65
2.855,13
2010
Total 2005-2010
CONSIGNACIONES P.G.E.
IDAE
16,71
18,38
18,3 8
18,38
18,38
18,38
108,62
CONSIGNACIONES P.G.E.
EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA - E4
20,00
22,00
22,0 0
22,00
22,00
22,00
130,00
CONSIGNACIONES P.G.E.
PL AFER
27,87
30,66
30,6 6
30,66
30,66
30,66
181,15
64,58
71,04
71,0 4
71,04
71,04
71,04
TOTAL CONSIGNACIONES
A PORTACIONES IDA E AL PER CONSIGNACIONES P.G.E.
5)
2005 0,00
IDAE
CONSIGNACIONES P.G.E. EFICIENCIA ENERGÉTICA Y PLAFER (BIOMASA TÉRMICA, SOLAR TÉRMICA Y SOLAR FOTOVOLTAICA) TOTAL APORTACIONES IDAE (% sobre Consignaciones)
24,00 24,00 37%
2006 0,00 26,33 26,33
37%
2 007 0,79 26,33 27,12
38%
2008 1,60 26,33 27,93
39%
2009 2,44 26,33 28,7 7 40%
419,77
2010
Total 2005-2010
3,30
8,14
2 6,33
155,64
29,63
163,78
4 2%
39%
2005
2006
2 007
2008
2009
2010
APORTACIONES IDAE
24,00
26,33
27,12
27,93
28,77
2 9,63
163,78
APORTACIONES TARIFA ELÉCTRICA
79,50
264,03
521,74
909 ,77
1.352,95
1.828,21
4.956,20
INCENTIVOS FISCALES (M º ECONOMÍA)
18,55
153,01
328,78
517 ,61
751,53
1.085,65
2.855,13
8,01
11,42
12,65
12,02
13,05
1 3,86
REPARTO PRESUPUESTARIO PER
7)
05-jul-05
ÁREA BIOMASA TÉRMICA
SUBVENCIONES
6)
TOTAL ÁREAS PER
ÁREA:
APORTACIONES CONSIGNADAS POR OTROS MINISTERIOS (M º AGRICULTURA)
TOTAL ADMINISTRACIÓN GENERAL DEL ESTADO
130,06
454,79
890,29
1 .467,33
2.146,29
Total 2005-2010
71,01
2.957,35
81%
91%
92%
94 %
96%
96%
30,13
44,33
75,6 6
86,95
95,65
113,42
8.046,12 95%
RESTO
8) .
ADMINISTRACIÓN AUTONÓMICA
TOTAL REPARTO PRESUPUESTARIO
19%
9%
8%
6%
4%
4%
160,20
499,12
965,95
1 .554,28
2.241,94
3.070,77
446,14 5% .
8.492,26
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:
Evolución del consumo de energía primaria en España 160.000 140.000 120.000
ktep
100.000 80.000 60.000 40.000 20.000 0 1975
1980 Carbón
1985
Petróleo
1990
Gas natural
Hidráulica*
1995
2000
Resto Renovables
Nuclear
Fuente: IDAE/Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio
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Seguimiento Plan de Fomento de las Energías Renovables Evolución Datos Energéticos (1999-2004) Sobre objetivos a 2010
Objetivos de incremento por áreas en 2010 (ktep)
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
110%
120%
130%
Minihidráulica (
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Producción con energías renovables en 2004 (1)
Potencia (MW)
Producción (GWh)
Producción en términos de Energía Primaria (ktep)
Generación de electricidad Hidráulica (> 50 MW) (2) Hidráulica (Entre 10 y 50 MW ) Hidráulica (< 10 MW) Biomasa R.S.U. Eólica Solar fotovoltaica Biogás Solar termoeléctrica
13.521 2.897 1.749 344 189 8.155 37 141
-
TOTAL ÁREAS ELÉCTRICAS
27.032
-
23.673 5.097 4.729 2.193 1.223 15.056 57 825
-
52.852
5.350
2
Usos térmicos
m Solar t. baja temp.
Biomasa Biogás Solar térmica de baja temperatura Geotermia
1.863 438 407 680 395 1.295 5 267
(ktep)
3.487 28 51 8
700.805
TOTAL ÁREAS TÉRMICAS
3.574
Biocarburantes (Transporte) TOTAL BIOCARBURANTES
228
TOTAL ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
9.152
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA PRIMARIA (ktep)
141.567
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
6,5%
(1): Datos de 2004, reales provisionales (a marzo-2005) (2): Incluye producción con bombeo puro.
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PRODUCCIÓN CON ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
Situación en 2004 [año medio (1)]
Potencia (MW)
Producción (GWh)
Producción en términos de Energía Primaria (ktep)
Generación de electricidad Hidráulica (> 50 MW) (2) Hidráulica (Entre 10 y 50 MW ) Hidráulica (< 10 MW) Biomasa R.S.U. Eólica Solar fotovoltaica Biogás Solar termoeléctrica
-
TOTAL ÁREAS ELÉCTRICAS
13.521,0 2.896,8 1.748,7 344 189 8.155 37 141
25.013,9 5.793,6 5.420,8 2.193 1.223,0 19.571 56 825
-
27.032
Usos térmicos
-
60.096
2
m Solar t. baja temp.
Biomasa Biogás Solar térmica de baja temperatura Geotermia
1.978,6 498,2 466,2 680,0 395,1 1.683,1 4,8 266,7
5.973 (ktep)
3.487 28 51 8
700.805
TOTAL ÁREAS TÉRMICAS
3.574
Biocarburantes (Transporte) TOTAL BIOCARBURANTES
228
TOTAL ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES
9.774,9
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA PRIMARIA (ktep)
141.567
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
6,9%
(1): Datos de 2004, provisionales. Para energía hidráulica, eólica, solar fotovoltaica y solar térmica, se incluye la producción correspondiente a un año medio, a partir de las potencias y superficie en servicio a 31 de diciembre, de acuerdo con las características de las instalaciones puestas en marcha hasta la fecha, y no el dato real de 2004. (2): Incluye producción con bombeo puro: 2007,2 GWh en 2004
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Consumo de Energía Primaria (millones de tep) 200 180 160 140
(Mtep)
120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1990
1995
2000
Escenario Tendencial/ PER
1 " 4,,
5
.6
2004
2010
2012
Escenario Eficiencia
'
7
INTENSIDAD PRIMARIA 1985-2012 0,25 0,24
TEP/MILES DE EUROS
0,23 0,22 0,21 0,20 0,19 0,18 0,17 0,16 0,15 1985
1990
1995
2000
=
= =)<
2004
= ++) 5
. =
2010
2012
Escenario Eficiencia
Escenario Tendencial/PER
5= + +
5
5
5
CONSUMO FINAL DE ENERGÍA POR SECTORES ESCENARIO TENDENCIAL / PER
2004 ktep
37.813 37.640 28.902 104.355
INDUSTRIA TRANSPORTE USOS DIVERSOS TOTAL SECTORES
4
=
Crecimientos anuales (%)
2010 %
ktep
36,2 36,1 27,7 100,0
44.491 49.550 33.289 127.330
5
%
2010/2004
34,9 38,9 26,1 100,0
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Crecimientos anuales (%)
CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA PRIMARIA
2004
ESCENARIO TENDENCIAL / PER
ktep
%
ktep
%
CARBÓN
21.081
14,9
13.482
8,1
-7,2
PETRÓLEO
70.490
49,8
76.837
46,0
1,4
GAS NATURAL
24.550
17,3
39.632
23,7
8,3
NUCLEAR
16.554
11,7
16.602
9,9
0,0
9.152
6,5
20.220
12,1
14,1
-261
-0,2
327
0,2
141.567
100
167.100
100
ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES SALDO ELÉCTRICO (Imp.-Exp.) TOTAL E. PRIMARIA
2010
2,8
12,1%
6,5%
% de Renovables s/ E. Primaria (3)
2010/2004
(3): El Libro Blanco de las Energías Renovables de la Comisión Europea y la Ley 54/1997, del Sector Eléctrico, establecen el objetivo de que las fuentes de energía renovables alcancen en 2010 al menos el 12% del consumo de energía primaria.
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OBJETIVOS DEL PLAN DE ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES EN ESPAÑA 2005-2010 Escenario PER Situación en 2004 [año medio (1)]
Potencia (MW)
Producción en términos de Energía Primaria Producción (ktep) (GWh)
Objetivo de incremento 2005-2010 (2) Situación Objetivo en el año 2010
Potencia (MW)
Producción en términos de Energía Producción Primaria (GWh) (ktep)
Potencia (MW)
Producción en términos de Energía Producción Primaria (GWh) (ktep)
Generación de electricidad Hidráulica (> 50 MW) (3) Hidráulica (Entre 10 y 50 MW) Hidráulica (< 10 MW) Biomasa Centrales de biomasa Co-combustión R.S.U. Eólica Solar fotovoltaica Biogás Solar termoeléctrica
TOTAL ÁREAS ELÉCTRICAS Usos térmicos Biomasa Solar térmica de baja temperatura
13.521 2.897 1.749 344 344 0 189 8.155 37 141 -
25.014 5.794 5.421 2.193 2.193 0 1.223 19.571 56 825 -
27.032
60.096
m2 Solar t. baja temp.
700.805
TOTAL ÁREAS TÉRMICAS
-
1.979 498 466 680 680 0 395 1.683 5 267
5.973 (ktep)
3.487 51
0 360 450 1.695 973 722 0 12.000 363 94 500
0 687 1.271 11.823 6.787 5.036 0 25.940 553 592 1.298
0 59 109 4.458 2.905 1.552 0 2.231 48 188 509
15.462
42.163
7.602
m2 Solar t. baja temp.
4.200.000
(ktep)
583 325
13.521 3.257 2.199 2.039 1.317 722 189 20.155 400 235 500
25.014 6.480 6.692 14.015 8.980 5.036 1.223 45.511 609 1.417 1.298
1.979 557 575 5.138 3.586 1.552 395 3.914 52 455 509
42.494
102.259
13.574
m2 Solar t. baja temp.
(ktep)
4.070 376
4.900.805
3.538
907
4.445
228
1.972
2.200
9.739
10.481
20.220
Biocarburantes (Transporte) TOTAL BIOCARBURANTES
TOTAL ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES CONSUMO DE ENERGÍA PRIMARIA (ktep)
141.567
167.100
6,9%
12,1%
(Escenario Energético: Tendencial/PER)
Energías Renovables/Energía Primaria (%)
(1): Datos de 2004, provisionales. Para energía hidráulica, eólica, solar fotovoltaica y solar térmica, se incluye la producción correspondiente a un año medio, a partir de las potencias y superficie en servicio a 31 de diciembre, de acuerdo con las características de las instalaciones puestas en marcha hasta la fecha, y no el dato real de 2004. No incluidos biogás térmico y geotermia, que en 2004 representan 28 y 8 ktep. (2): En los objetivos de incremento para el periodo 2005-2010, las producciones corresponden a un año medio de acuerdo con las potencias y las características de las instalaciones puestas en marcha durante ese periodo. Para las energías hidráulicas y eólica, sólo la mitad de la potencia instalada en el último año (2010) se ha traducido a producción en las columnas correspondientes. (3): Incluye producción con bombeo puro.
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