DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEXICAN SPANISH AND OTHER SPANISH:

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HANDOUT FOR MEXICAN SPANISH – Permission is granted for personal study and use. Any other use requires permission of the author and copyright holder Dennis McKenna. NAJIT 26th Annual Conference, SESSION HELD 5-15-05 IN WASHINGTON, D.C. Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MEXICAN SPANISH AND OTHER SPANISH:

„ „ „ „ „ „

a) Archaic Spanish (no longer used in other places) b) Formal language that’s different (“frozen language”) c) Words and other linguistic elements that come from Nahuatl (Uto-Aztecan) d) Words and other linguistic elements that come from other prehispanic cultures e) Anglicisms (Spanglish) f) Slang

EXAMPLE OF ARCHAIC SPANISH:

„ „

Comenzó a acuitar y a pensar en el peligroso trance en que su honestidad se había de ver. Agüitar (MODERN USAGE IN MEXICO)

OTHER EXAMPLES:

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

ansina carriola dar batería de oquis fierro haiga luego luego machucar truje vide

FORMAL LANGUAGE THAT IS DIFFERENT:

„ „ „ „ „

enterar

-to pay (a tax)

extinto (LatAm)

-deceased

fungir como

-to act as

turnar

-to send, submit

tener verificativo

-to take place

NAHUATL:

„ „ „

1) Words from Nahuatl that have spread to other languages including Spanish 2) Nahuatl words that are used in Spanish in general 3) Nahuatl words that are limited to Mexican Spanish

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

EXAMPLES OF COMMON TERMS FROM NAHUATL IN MEXICAN SPANISH:

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

achichincle apapachar guajolote mitote pachichi/e papalote pizca popote tecolote tlacuache

-faithful follower -to cuddle -turkey -noisy scene, party -old, shriveled -kite -harvest -straw -owl -opossum

PHRASES INCORPORATING TERMS FROM NAHUATL:

„ „ „

Ya le cayó el chahuistle. No quiero regar el tepache. Tiene piernas de chichicuilote.

SONORA AND SINALOA:

„ „ „

bichi embichar buqui

MAYAN:

„ „ „ „ „

boxito/a

-honey

chele/chelo/a

-blond, blue eyed

poch

-anxious

tuch

-navel, belly button

tucho

-monkey

SAY WHAT?

„ „ „

Llorona, todo esto es muy difícil para mí. Iré al suami este fin de semana. (Una testigo difícil) Srta. intérprete, no puedo contestar a esa pregunta porque soy jarijiri.

SPANGLISH FROM THE SOUTHWEST

„ „ „ „

actualmente (INCORRECT USAGE) ahí te wacho baica bil/biles

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

„ „ „ „

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

breicas broda bulcheteando cachar la can carpeta chaneado chance cora daime dar para atrás escrín ganga grocería jaina (gang) liquiar manejador mapeador parientes (INCORRECT USAGE) pompear puchar raite rayar (en la pared) tachar (INCORRECT USAGE) wachar yarda

THE SAME, BUT DIFFERENT

„ „ „ „

Siempre no voy al concierto. After all I’m not going to the concert. Luego luego llegó la policía. The police arrived right away.

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

MENS REA OR MEN-SA?

„ „ „ „ „

SE ME HIZO FÁCIL A) I thought it was easy (to steal it). B) I though I could get away with it. C) It made me easy. D) I just did it (on the spur of the moment)

SLANG:

„ „ „

Caló Youth slang Rhyming slang/alliteration

CALÓ:

„ „

afanar lisa

YOUTH SLANG:

„ „ „ „ „ „ „

ahí la bimbo chanfle chavos fresa checar flota niño popis tocada

RHYMING SLANG

„ „

La ley de Herodes: o lo haces o te jodes La ley gringa: el que se apendeja, se chinga

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

ALLITERATION

„ „ „ „

calmantes, Montes

(cálmate)

nel

(no)

qué pasón?

(qué pasó?)

simón

(sí)

MEDICAL MADNESS

„ „ „ „ „

„ „ „ „ „ „

agrura

-heartburn

descompostura

-dislocation

huehuecho

-having goiter

tencuo

-harelipped

unidad de terapia intensiva

-intensive care unit

la canilla el cerebro el chamorro la cintura la mano el pie

LAS CALLES

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

acotamiento banqueta calzada camellón corralón eje vial libramiento periférico (also C.A.) tope

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

EN EL BARRIO

„ „ „ „ „

la unidad colonia delegación fraccionamiento sector (Hidalgo…)

LANA

„ „ „ „ „ „ „

al chas chas feria fierros un lanal marmaja morlacos pachocha

LA POBREZA

„ „ „ „ „

ciudad perdida paracaidista pepenador prángana la vecindad

EMIGRANTES

„ „ „ „

la mica la migra pollo pollero

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

¿CÓMO SE DICE TIENDA?

„ „ „ „

abarrotería changarro, timbiriche, estanquillo, miscelánea, expendio tlapalería tienda de departamentos

GENTE CHUECA

„ „ „ „ „ „ „

aguador gandalla palero paquero pastor(ero) trácala transa

HOW DO I BUILD VOCABULARY?

„ „ „ „

Admit you don’t know it all Don’t underestimate the speaker Write it down Trust your ears (don’t “overcorrect”)

RECOGNIZE PATTERNS

„ „ „ „ „ „ „ „

cachete

cachetiza

chupe

chupiza

golpe

golpiza

gol

goliza

madre

madriza

momia

momiza

regaño

regañiza

tranca

tranquiza

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

EUFEMISMOS

„ „ „ „

„

está cabrón

está cañón

chueco

chocolate

mierda

miércoles

¡la tuya!

¡la tuerta!

chingado

tiznado, chiflado, fregado, regado

AGARRAR LA ONDA

„ „ „ „ „ „ „

estar bruja

traer escoba

caló

caliche

casa

cantón

chido

chilo (Sonora)

fea

federal

viejo

viernes

yo (in Eng. me)

melón

READ NEW LITERATURE

„ „ „ „

Use a highlighter Try to get the meaning from context Look it up Get a good dictionary

SEE NEW FILMS, LISTEN TO MUSIC

„ „ „ „

Get new films and music (Y tu mamá también, Chalino Sánchez, Café Tacuba) Rewind it or play it over again Look for meaning in context Confirm it with a good dictionary

Copyright © 2005 by Dennis McKenna

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