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Evolución de la supervivencia en melanoma metastásico BRAF mutado. Nuevas estrategias de tratamiento. Dra. Ainara Soria Rivas Servicio de Oncología Médica Hospital Ramón y Cajal
¿Cuál es la supervivencia del melanoma?
CA Cancer J Clin. 2004; 54(3):131-49
Evolución en el tratamiento del melanoma Combinaciones de quimioterapia (CVD, Dartmouth)
IL 2 ALTAS DOSIS
DACARBAZINA 1975
1980s
1998
2011
¿Cuál es la eficacia de los tratamientos clásicos?
N Engl J Med 2011 Jun 2;364(22):2119-27.
NCCN Guidelines V2.2011 Melanoma SYSTEMIC THERAPY OPTIONS FOR ADVANCED OR METASTATIC MELANOMA Clinical trial (preferred) Dacarbazine Temozolamide High dose IL-2 Dacarbazine or Temozolamide-based combination chemotherapy/biochemotherapy (category 2B) Paclitaxel (category 2B) Paclitaxel/Cisplatin (category 2B) Paclitaxel/Carboplatin (category 2B)
Evolución en el tratamiento del melanoma Combinaciones de quimioterapia (CVD, Dartmouth)
IL 2 ALTAS DOSIS
DACARBAZINA 1975
IPILIMUMAB
1980s
1998
DABRAFENIB VEMURAFENIB 2011
TRAMETINIB COBIMETINIB
NIVOLUMAB PEMBROLIZUMAB
HALLMARKS OF CANCER
VEMURAFENIB, DABRAFENIB Mutación V600E B‐RAF Aprox. 50% melanomas
Hanahan D, Weingerg RA. Cell 2000 Jan 7;100(1):57-70. Hanahan D, Weinberg RA. Cell 2011. Vol144 (5): 646-674.
18,2
TRAMETINIB COBIMETINIB
Salama A K , and Flaherty K T Clin Cancer Res 2013;19:4326‐4334 ©2013 by American Association for Cancer Research
Unresectable stage IIIC‐IV Melanoma BRAF V600E/K No prior sistemic therapy (N 423)
Dabrafenib 150 mg BID + Trametinib 2 mg QD 1:1 Dabrafenib 150 mg BID + Placebo QD
Disease progression, Unacceptable toxicity, or Withdrawal of consent
Objetivo principal: PFS investigator assessed Objetivos secundarios: OS, ORR, Seguridad, farmacocinética.
Long GV, et al. N Engl J Med Sep 2014
COMBI-V: Características basales Dabrafenib + Trametinib (n = 352)
Vemurafenib (n = 352)
Total (N = 704)
55 (18-91)
54 (18-88)
55 (18-91)
Male sex, n (%)
208 (59)
180 (51)
388 (55)
ECOG PS, n (%) 0/1
248 (71)/102 (29)
248 (70)/104 (30)
496 (71)/206 (29)
BRAF V600 mutation status, n (%)a V600E mutation positive V600K mutation positive
312 (90) 34 (10)
317 (90) 34 (10)
629 (89) 68 (10)
Metastasis stage at screening, n (%) M0 M1a M1b M1c
14 (4) 55 (16) 61 (17) 221 (63)
26 (7) 50 (14) 67 (19) 208 (59)
40 (6) 105 (15) 128 (18) 429 (61)
Baseline LDH, n (%) > ULN/≤ ULN
118 (34)/233 (66)
114 (32)/238 (68)
232 (33)/471 (67)
Visceral disease at baseline, n (%)b Yes/ No
278 (79)/73 (21)
271 (77)/81 (23)
549 (78)/154 (22)
177 (50)/174 (50)
201 (57)/151 (43)
378 (54)/325 (46)
Median age (range), years
Number of disease sites at baseline, n (%)c < 3/≥ 3
1510037395
COMBI-v: Investigator-Assessed ProgressionFree Survival Dabrafenib + Trametinib
Proportion Alive and Progression Free
1.0
Median PFS, 12.6 mo (95% CI, 10.7‐15.5 mo)
0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2
Vemurafenib
0.1
Median PFS, 7.3 mo (95% CI, 5.8‐7.8 mo) HR, 0.61 (95% CI, 0.51‐0.73); P