Gender, Definite, & Indefinite Articles Making things plural Feminine or Masculine? Words that end in a, d, or ión, or that refer to a female being are usually feminine words. Words that end in o, or refer to a male being are generally masculine words (L O N E R & S (when referring to a singular item ending in s) Other words must be learned on a case by case basis. Are these words masculine or feminine? maestra
libro
escritorio
pared
abrigo
papel
tienda
amigos
ventana
pluma
maestro
vestido
fruta
museo
silla
puerta
pared
lección
anaranjada camisa
queso
tazón
rojo
cuaderno
blanco
falda
chaqueta
ciudad
televisión
boca
Definite Articles The definite articles mean THE. There are four definite articles in Spanish
Singular Plural
Masculine el los
Feminine la las
Which definite articles would you use with the following words? ______ maestros _______ libro ________ escritorios _____ abrigo ______ puerta
_______ pared ________ estación
______ casa
______ queso
_______ faldas ________ lecciones ______ boca
______ chaqueta _______ pelotas ________ cuaderno ______ sopa ______ ciudades _______ paredes ________ ventanas ______baños Indefinite Articles Indefinite articles mean “a” or “an” or “a few” or “some” Masculine un unos
Singular Plural
Feminine una unas
Which indefinite articles would you use with the following words? ______ maestros _______ libro ________ escritorios _____ abrigo ______ puerta
Making Words Plural To make a word plural, add an “s” if it ends in a vowel, and “es” if it ends in a consonant. If the word ends in a “z”, change the z to a “c” before adding “es” maestro______
libro_______
escritorio______ abrigo_______
puerta _______
pared ______
estación ________ casa ________
queso _______
falda ______
lección_________ boca _______
chaqueta ____
pelota ______
cuaderno _______ sopa _______
lápiz ________
pared ______
nariz __________ señor _______
More Practice with Indefinite and Definite Articles You already know the definite articles in Spanish: El – “the” masculine singular Los- “the” masculine plural
But how do you say, “a” or “an”? Or “a few” or “some”? These are known as the indefinite articles. In Spanish, we use “un” and “una” to say “a” or “an.” We use un with singular masculine nouns. un boligrafo un libro un aeropuerto
a pen
a book
an airport
an umbrella
We use una with singular feminine nouns. una pizarra una puerto una chaqueta
a board
a door
un paraguas
a jacket
una moto
a motorcycle
We use “unos” and “unas” to say “a few” or “some.” unos barcos
unos coches
unos libros
unos zapatos
some ships
some cars
a few books
some shoes
unas mesas
unas pantimedias
unas faldas
a few tables
some pantyhose
a few skirts some salads
unas ensaladas
Which indefinite article would you use with the following nouns? ________ abrigo
________ guantes
__________ pantalones
________ traje
________ suéter
__________ camisas
________ vestidos
________ camiseta
__________ calcetines
________ blusas
________ aviones
__________ tren
________ amigo
________ muchacha
__________ escuela
________ alumnos
________ amigas
__________ muchachos
________ cursos
________ alumnos
__________ profesor
Choose the correct definite article. 1. _____ chico es de Bolivia. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
2. _____ profesora es muy simpática. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
3. ______ lápiz es rojo. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
4. ______ proyector está roto. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
5. ______ ciudad es grande. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
6. ______ hombres son gordos. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
7. ______ lecciones son aburridas. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
8. ______ manzanas son rojas. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
9. ______ libros son viejos. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
10. ______ diccionarios están allí. a. La b. El
c. Los
d. Las
Repaso: Gender Agreement and Definite Articles A word is feminine if it ends in _____, _____, _____ or refers to a female being. A word is masculine if it ends in _____, _____, _____, _____, _____ or refers to a male being. Masculine or Feminine? Put a check in the appropriate column. Palabra sabor enfermedad lección conductor tazón cielo canción tierra papel estante marcador grapadora cajón estudiante semana fin salida aseos cucaracha borrador cartel
Masculino
Femenina
There are four definite articles in Spanish. They all mean “the”. We decide how to use them based on what we are talking about. The four definite articles are:
masculine (LONER)
feminine (a, d, ión)
singular plural Which singular definite article (el or la) would we use with the following words? sabor lección tazón canción papel marcador
enfermedad conductor cielo tierra estante grapadora
We make words plural by adding an –es if the word ends in a consonant, or a –s if it ends in a vowel. Please make the following words plural. sabor semana salida borrador cartel tierra
estudiante fin conductor chica enfermedad papel
Now, decide if we will use los or las with the above words. Fill in the appropriate plural definite article in front of the word.