NAME: NOORALLYSHA AMIERA BINTI ZAINAL ABIDIN CLASS: DUP 1B MATRIC NO: 29DUP21F1003 COURSE: TOURISM MALAYSIA LECTURER: MISS SURAYAHANIM BINTI ALI

BAHAGIAN A

JUDICIARY SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA Present by: NoorAllysha Amiera Binti Zainal Abidin

INTRODUCTION OF JUDICIARY SYSTEM *Take cognizance of both federal and state laws *The Fuderal Court which is the highest court in Malaysia *Also have the High Court of Peninsular Malaysia, the High Court of Sabah and Sarawak and subordinate courts

The Federal Court #The place where Yang Di Pertuan Agung is lord president has original jurisdiction. #The place where consists of chief justice, which have two chief judges from High Court and seven other judges

ADMINISTRATIVE Detention :Permitted in security Cases.

Traditionally system :with a high degree of Independece

In Court -The accused must be brought before a judge within in 24 hours of arrest -The defendants have the right to bail or to counsel.

-To higher courts is available with strict some rules

Criminal Defendants

#Appeal for clemency

#Severe of penalties to accused

My conclusion My conclusion is high courts have jurisdiction in criminal cases and sivil cases. The Court of Appeals has jurisdiction over the high court.

The structure of judiciary system in Malaysia

BAHAGIAN B

MALAYSIA COMMUNITY

MALAY COMMUNITY

Introduction

-THE MALAYS ONCE WERE MOST LIKELY A PEOPLE FROM COASTAL BORNEO ENLARGE TO SUMATRA AND THE MALAY PENINSULA BACAUSE OF TRADING THAT HAPPENED OVER THE LAST 1500 YEARS OR SO



-INDICATED BY MALAY LANGUAGE THAT USED VERY COMMONLY DURING THAT TIME

MALAY COMMUNITY FESTIVALS

1.HARI RAYA AIDIL FITRI Hari Raya -Aidil Fitri is the most joyful of muslim celebration after Ramadhan, the fasting month . -This is a time when Muslims working in major towns and cities make an exodus for their kampung or villages . -Malaysians have this great traditional called ' open house ' a warm showing of what is known as Malaysian hospitality . -There ' s ususally planty of traditional Malay food and desert to be had .

2.HARI RAYA AIDIL ADHA -This is another religious event celebrated by the Malay community. -It is celebrated much like Hari Raya Idul-Fitri except there are no home visits thus there are hardly cookies or special dishes to mark the event. -Hari Raya Idul-Adha commemorates Prophet Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his son, Ishmael, to obey God’s command. -After the prayer the animals will be slaughtered and the meat will be distributed to the poor and needy as ant act of worship.

3.MAULUD NABI -Maulud Nabi is a religious celebration than a cultural one. -It is to mark the birthday of our Prophet Muhammad saw. -It is celebrated during during the month of Rabi al-Awwal. -This event is marked by presentations of sermons and recitation of the Quran.

1.BAJU KURUNG PAHANG

-LONG FLARED BLOUSE

-FITTED IN CHEST

-USUALLY WEAR IN FORMAL EVENT

3.BAJU KURUNG KEDAH

-SHORT BLOUSE

-HALF SLEEVES

-KURUNG KAIN TIED IN THE FRONT

4.BAJU MELAYU THERE ARE 2 TYPES -CEKAK MUSANG -TELUK BELANGA

-CEKAK MUSANG HAS 3 POCKETS -TELUK BELANGA HAS ONLY 2 POCKETS -WEAR WITH SAMPIN WRAPPED AROUND MIDDLE OF THE BODYFROM THE STOMACH TO KNEE AND SOMETIMES LOWER THAT THAT

FOOD IN MALAY COMMUNITY 1.NASI LEMAK =Nasi Lemak is a traditional rice meal that is hailed as Malaysia’s unofficial national dish. =The main highlight is the rich and fragrant rice that is soaked in coconut cream before steaming. =It is then served with a variety of local dishes such as salted peanuts with ikanbilis (anchovies), hard-boiled eggs, preserved vegetables, fried chicken wings or fish, and sweet sambal chili.

2.RENDANG -Rendang is one of Malaysia’s most popular dishes and it comes with a choice of beef, chicken or lamb. -The Rendang dish combines many rich spices found in the region, mixed with coconut milk to create a thick sauce that is used to simmer with the meat.

3.KETUPAT -Ketupat is a rice dumpling wrapped with coconut leaves that are intricately woven into a diamond- shaped container. -According to the old tradition, Ketupat was also hung at the front of the house and entrances because it is said to repel evil spirits. -It is no wonder that decorative Ketupats are commonly spotted in Malay homes during major festivals

DANCE TRADISIONAL IN MALAY COMMUNITY 1.Zapin✨ -Popular in Johor,Pahang and Selangor. -Form is an enchanting concoction of islamic teachings with elegant body movements.

Musical Element -Can be performed with considerable variation depending on differetn styles and dance steps.

2.Silat -Passed down the generations as a martial art form of self- defence, Pencak Silat evolved into a spot and cultural dance later. -The music played during the perfomence is called Tanji Silat Baku or Gendang Baku in Malaysia -Gendang(drums) and Serunai(oboe) are common. malaysian version of the music is very close to thai music

3.DIKIR BARAT -Dikir Barat is a fine blend of Malay music,dance and poetry. -A medium to educate the audience,discuss crucial issues and pass social commentary in comic or satritical tone.



The Musical Element -Awok Awok is the cluster of people who second their leader by singing-accompanied by synchronized hand movements.

TRADITIONAL MUSIC #A S L I -Basic idiom of tradisional Malay music. -Often referred to as old traditional or semitraditional music style or perfomance. -The melody is sung in unision with the violin throughout the perfomance of a song.

Pantun

#GURINDAM -Irregular verse forms of traditional Indonesian and Malay poetry.

Games in Malay Community

1) Congkak

2) Batu seremban

Customs and Traditions in Malay Community

1) Malay wedding customs

2) Family gathering together to celebrate Hari Raya Aidilfitri

Customs and Traditions in Malay Community 3)Malay woman wear baju kurung made from batik

4) Malay woman also wear selendang to cover their head

5) Every Friday, Malay men will attend to the mosque to pray

6) Malay men will wear Baju Melayu and songkok to the mosque

-greet a guest with the Arabic phrase -use right hand while eating & including holding Quran

-The Muslims undertake a month fasting in Ramadan

-A ceremony called Berchukor will held

CHINESE COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION/HISTORY • The Malaysian Chinese also known as orang cina malaysia. • Malaysian citizens of Han Chinese ethnicity are from the second largest ethnic group after the malay majority. • Most of them are descendant of Southern Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia between the early 19th century to mid 20th century. • Malaysian Chinese are traditionally dominant in the business sector of the Malaysian Economy.

FESTIVAL • Chinese festival in Malaysia is a grand cultural celebration that last 15 days starting from the first day of the chinese lunar calendar and ending with Lantern Festival. • Chinese New Year is celebrated through out the country. • The festivities kick off with the reunion dinner on New Year Eve and paying a visit to the temple to sick blessing from the God of prosperity. • Giving the 'ang pow' to children and giving away mandarin orange for properity

TRADITIONAL COSTUME 1.samfoo • can be made from a variety of materials. • Known as shanku in Mandarin • Two-piece outfit comprises an upper garment called a sam (meaning “shirt” or “blouse”) and a pair of trousers referred to as fu.

2.Cheongsam • also known as the qipao • a type of body-hugging dress of Manchu origin. • It was known as the mandarin gown during the 1920s and 1930s • It is a high-necked, closefitting dress with the skirt slit partway up the side.

3. Hanfu The Hanfu ('Han clothing' — the majority of Chinese are of Han ethnicity) is the oldest of China's traditional clothes. • Legend traces it back to over 4,000 years ago when Huangdi's consort, Leizu, made cloth with silk.

4. tang suit • Modernized Tang suits are mainly divided into two styles: the classical Tang-Dynasty-style suit and the Manchurian males’ jacket. • It has a button-less yi (inner shirt) and an ankle-length shang (long coat). • This Tang suit is loose and comfortable.

• Gender Women's clothing was more diverse than clothing for men. Compared to men's clothing, women's clothing had more ornaments, items, and styles.

• Material At the very beginning, the ancient Chinese only covered their bodies with leaves. As agricultural development increased, more clothing material appeared. In later years, linen, cotton, and silk were the prominent materials.

• History Almost every dynasty had its own unique clothes, some of which were really exquisite beyond compare.

Dance of Chinese Community • Dragon dance *Many of the tradional dances have a long history *Traditional dance forms and performance in chinese culture

*the lion and the dragon dance is often performed during the festive season

1.DRAGON DANCE

2.Umbrella dance #Chinese Umbrella Dance: A very popular folk dance originating from the Han Dynasty. -Umbrellas symbolize honor and wealth and are performed for celebration

3.Chinese fan dance *Chinese Fan Dance consists of consistently changing rhythms paired with consistent body position changes *It is also designed to preserve culture, story sharing and to convey feelings and emotions without words.

4.Long silk dance *Long Silk Dance: A popular form of Chinese entertainment for its important ceremonial role *The Long Silk Dance became popular as court entertainment as well as folk dance.

food of chinese community • moon cake

2.Chow Mein

3.Fried Noodles zhajiagman

4.basket cake, rose cake, kapit cake and mandarin lemon

5.yee sang

CHINESE COMMUNITY GAMES

1.CHINESE YO-YO

2.CHINESE JUMP ROPE

3. Ping Pong

Customs and Traditions (wedding) • Both families perform the hairdressing and capping rituals for the bride and groom, similar to many other cultures • The groom then goes to the brides home and is blocked by the bridesmaids.

1) Taboos at Table • At the dinner table, bowls are avoided being put upside down because after patients take medicine, they usually turn the bowl upside down to express the best wishes that they will not be ill and take medicine anymore. • Knocking the bowl with chopsticks is also avoided since the beggars usually do that to beg for charity, so this action is regarded as the unlucky sign

2) Taboo about colour • Chinese people classify yellow, purple, champagne color into elegant colors • These colors used to be exclusively used for the royal and noble family, so civilians are forbidden to dress in yellow, purple or champagne color. • These colors used to be exclusively used for the royal and noble family, so civilians are forbidden to dress in yellow, purple or champagne color

3) Taboos for Children • On the day of the completion of its first month, the baby must be given a shower and cut hair. • It is said that the baby s hair is full of its mother's mephitis. • If the baby isn't given a shower or haircut, God will be offended.

Customs and Traditions (Pregnancy) • the husband has to carry his wife and walk on a coal

flame as he enters the house to make sure he can give birth without problems • Give giving before birth is also considered to bring inner misfortune Chinese culture.

CONCLUSION • Malaysian Chinese have kept their Chinese ancestor's language and dialects alive. • Despite the fact that the number of ethnic Chinese in Malaysia's total population has been steadily dropping in recent decades due to a lower birth rate and a high emigration rate, the proportion of ethnic Chinese in the country's total population has been steadily increasing in every census • In Malaysian towns and cities, various Chinese dialects are spoken.

INDIAN COMMUITY

INTRODUCTION #Indian community are nationals and citizen of india the second most populations nation in the world.

#Historical records show that influence of Indian on Malaya can be traced as early as the first century.

#Migration of Indians to Malaysia started intaially in 1786 when British colony offices opened in Penang.

#The influx of Indians happened in the Mid 19th century due to the interventum of the British in India and Malaya.

#The presence of immigrant communites, especially Indians and Chinese has created new community structure in Malaya Sabah & Sarawak.

#In 1819 the number of migration increased after the birth of Singapore

#Malaysia Indian continue to thirve as global and local player in education economy, culture, religion, and society.

#As a result of Razak statement content Tamil language was and is presently taught in primary and secondary schools as a core or elective subject Education sector devolped raiply as many schools were built

TYPES OF INDIAN FESTIVAL

1.Diwali-Festival of Light -October to early -November 5 days of celebration

2.Pongal -Second harvest season -celebration of cow and birds -4 days

3.Thaipusam -"when the moon is at it's brightest" -Thaipusam is a festival celebrated by the Tamil devotees of Lord

TYPES OF TRADITIONAL COSTUME

1.Headgear

2.Jama

3.Achkan/Sherwan

4.Angarkha

5.Banghgali

6.Dhoti

TYPE OF FOOD

1.Masala Dosa

2. Laddu

3.Pani Puri

4.Stuffed Paratha

5.Dal Makhani

BHARATANATYAM Bharatanatyam is the dance that encompasses music, rhythm and expression and strictly adheres to the Natyashastra (The Scripture of Classical Indian Dance)

ODISSI Odissi is traditionally a dance drama genre of perfomance art, where the artist and musicians play out a story.

3 TYPE OF MUSIC 1.CARNATIC MUSIC

2.HINDUSTANI MUSIC

3.PUNJABI MUSIC

Hindustani Instruments

Tambura

Tabla

Chitraveena

-Punjabi Instruments

=Dhadd

=Toombi

=Bugchu

INDOOR GAMES: #CHAUPAR --A board games which was invented around the 4th century -It includes two to four players who cow wooden pawns to their win the game. ry shells and

#FIVE STONES -Five stones is fun game can be played by both adults and kids -It generaly requires five pebbles or small stones. -the player need to spain a stone up in the air and gather the remaining stonesv lying on the floor with one hand without allowing the one in the air to fall to the ground

OUTDOOR GAMES -HOPSCOTCH #The hopping game is like stapoo is a popular outdoor game in Tamil nadu. #The game involes drawing a grid on the ground and numbering it. #Players take turns and throw an object usually a small stone onto the numbered blocks #They have to hop across the block to pick up the object jumping on two legs to finish the lap

WEDDING 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

Engagement Graha Shanti, Mehendi and Bangles ceremony Wedding Day Kannyadan Tying the ''Thali'' Worshipping the sacred fire Sapta Padi-Circling tthe Sacred Fire Arhirvad-Blessings

PREGNANCY 1.Valaikaapu 2.Confinement Period 3.Thottil and Namakarana 4.Annaprasana 5.Mudi Irakkuthal

TABOO -When guest visiting in house.... -When proposal (merisik)... -Don't whistling in night.. -Don't eat in the dark -Don't sharpen the pensil with both sides.. -Not allowing visit newborn baby -Death

CONCLUSION Malaysians, now living in a multiracial community had received much assimilation of cultures and customs in their daily life. As time goes by, the community is more indulged with their assimilated culture. In addition, the cultural assimilation among themselves. It's not only creating a better social integration but also bond the people live in harmony and stayed united by respecting each other's customs.

BABA AND NYONYA COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION BABA AND NYONYA -The word of Peranakan,is also used commonly to describe Indonesia Chinese. In both BM & Bahasa Indonesia, "Peranakan” means descendant. -Baba refer to the male descendants and Nyonya refer to female.



LANGUAGE -The language of the Peranakans, Baba Malay (Bahasa Melayu Baba), is a creole dialect of the Malay language (Bahasa Melayu), which contains many Hokkien words. It is a dying language, and its contemporary use is mainly limited to members of the older generation. English has now replaced this as the main language spoken amongst the younger generation. -BABA AND NYONYA a unique culture that combined various customs and traditions in Malacca.It is also known as Peranakan, Baba Nyonya or Straits Chinese. 600 years ago, the Chinese immigrants of Malacca settled in the Malay Peninsular, who intermarried with the Malay population and later spread throughout the country.

-BABA AND NYONYA (Peranakan), also refer to popularly for descendants of early Chinese immigrants to the Nusantara region, including both the British Straits Settlements of Singapore, Malacca and Penang, and the Dutch controlled island of Java among other areas, who have partially adopted Malay customs in an effort to be assimilated into the local communities

BABA AND NYONYA'S FESTIVALS -Baba Nyonya festival same as Chinese Culture, BabaNyonya also celebrate the same festival, like Chinese New Year, Lantern festival, Moon festival and others.

CHINESE NEW YEAR

LANTERN FESTIVAL

MOON FESTIVAL

THE CELEBRATION OF BIRTH

-The birth of a new baby. When the baby was born for one full month, also called full lunar, the family will celebrate this day, therefore called the celebration of birth

-Family members will prepare nasi kunyit (steamed glutinous turmeric rice), chicken curry.

Red Bean cake in the shape of tortoises.

the shape must be in tortoises, because it present longevity. (tortoises have long lifetime)

Red Eggs (They will dye the eggs into red colour)

THE CELEBRATION OF DEATH

-When Baba-Nyonya death, they will wear their wedding cloth together into the coffin.The deceased family has to mourn for at least one and a half years, and need to wear in black or dark colour colour for 12 months.

-During the ceremony, reflect object such as mirror should be cover or take away so people who grieving will take a hard look on themselves and felt even grieved.

Baba-Nyonya will also burn goods such a money, thing that deceased like before death and some daily supplies. (burn the real thing,real money)

Because they think the person whom death will go to others world, so they burn the thing for the deceased so the deceased can use in others world. They also believe that the soul of the deceased will stay in his/her house for 3 days.

BABA NYONYA TRADITIONAL CLOTH -Baba nyonya's clothing : Mostly influenced by malay's cultures. Men in this ethnic called 'Baba' while the females was called 'Nyonya'. Influence Malay in this ethnis can be seen at their clothings that similar with Malay's. Nyonya mostly adapted Malay's in clothing. While Baba still used their origin way in clothing .



-Baba nyonya's clothing : kebaya nyonya , baju panjang or long dress & Lock Chuan or Mandarin Jacket

MANDARIN JACKET (Baba Baju Lok Chuan)

BABA (male) TRADITIONAL CLOTH

KEBAYA NYONYA

BAJU PANJANG (Long Dress)

BABA NYONYA TYPES OF FOODS

NYONYA GLUTINOUS RICE DUMPLINGS

LAKSA NYONYA

SATAY NYONYA

TRADITIONAL DANCE The name of the dance will named base on the items they use in the dance, for example, if the items that use in the dance is Chinese fans, it may be called as fans dance (tarian kipas)

MUSIC TRADITIONAL DondangSayang (loveBallad)

TRADITIONAL GAMES Cheki, is one of the card game that Baba-Nyonya create. This game is similar to western “Gin Rummy” and Chinese “Mahjong”. This game can allow 2 to 6 people to play at the same time, and there are 60 cards in a deck.

Chongkak is another type of Baba-Nyonya game, this game also comes from Malay culture, but adapt by Baba-Nyonya culture. This game can only allow two players at a time. The Chongkak boards can design into any shape as long it has the holes. And in the past, some Nyonya designed the shape in a peacock shape.

COSTUME AND TRADITIONAL

Nyonya usually embroiders object like pillow cover,blanket and Clothes.The object they embroider will be saved and use in their wedding.And it took about 1 week or even few month to complete embroider an object,so normally they will spent their whole day on embroidering an object.

TABOOS FOR BABANYONYA MARRIAGES

•Pregnant women are prohibited to touch the items (gift, stuffs, wedding beds etc) or join in the preparations for the marriage ceremony. They are also strongly prohibited from entering the wedding chamber

•Family members who are still mourning the passing away of their family member are also not allowed to join the Peranakan Marriage ceremony as it was deemed very inauspicious to the marriage couple.

•It is a major offences to the peranakan family during the olden days if the guests are wearing a whole black attire or white attire while joining the marriage ceremony as these attire are strictly mend for “sorrow occasion“ or funeral attire.

INDIGENUOUS COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

#People who inhabited a land before it was conquered by colonial societies #There are more than 370 million indigenous people spread across 70 countries worldwide #Are the holders of unique languages, knowledge systems and beliefs and possess invaluable knowledge of practices for the sustainable management of natural resources

The Orang Asli Museum is provided to provide information and general knowledge on the existence and culture of the Orang Asli in Malaysia Orang Asli are the heterogeneous indigenous population that forms a national minority and also the oldest inhabitants of Peninsular Malaysia.

INDIGENOUS DEMOGRAPHICS #DIVIDED INTO 3 DIFFERENTS TRIBES AND SPEAK DIFFERENT DIALECTS

1- NEGRITO -kensui -kintaq -jahai mendriq -bateq -lanoh

2-SENOI -temiar -semai -jah hut -che wong -semoq beri -mah meri

3-PROTO MALAY -temuan -jakun -semelai -orang kuala -orang seletar -orang kanaq

NEGRITO - can usually be found in the range as far as the northern part of the peninsula

SENOI - settled in the central part of the peninsula

PROTO MALAY - settled in the southern region of the peninsula

FESTIVAL -Traditional First Nation feast it is customary for men who are chosen by the head server, to serve the food to the women and children

-Every June 21st, thousands of Indigenous Peoples celebrate National Indigenous Peoples Day (NIPD).

-A special day to acknowledge the unique heritage, diverse cultures and outstanding achievements.

TRADITIONAL COSTUME -Orang Asli of West Malaysia still wear clothing of natural materials, often out of tree bark and skirt -Leaf fronds are sometimes crafted into headbands or other ornaments. -They wear hand-loomed cloths as well as tree bark fabrics. Beads and feathers are used for decoration.

FOOD

Pucuk rebung is a shoot that is often fried with some chilli and has a pleasant cabbage-like taste. Ayam masak buluh (fowl cooked in bamboo) is one of the more popular preparations. body. Bunga kantan (torch ginger), which is common in Malay and Nyonya cooking, is readily available in the forest and thus a popular condiment in Orang Asli dishes Sayur meranti is one of the more popular types of vegetables in

DANCE

-Dances are commonly used by witch- doctors as rituals to communicate with the spirit world such dances include Genggulang of the Mahmeri -Sewang is a traditional dance perfomed by orang asli to treat the sick or wounded -Randai is a folk theater tradition which incorporates music, singing, dance, drama and the silat martial art

TRADITIONAL MUSIC

-The musical genres in traditional Malay music include asli (‘original’, ‘traditional’), ronggeng, inang and joget (music which typically accompanying social dances), dondang sayang (songs of affection), keroncong (a type of folk music), zapin (music accompanying the zapin dance) and ghazal (typically tied to themes of romance sung in poetic quatrains

-Practitioners have shared that characteristics of traditional Malay music from these various genres include the use of grenek-grenek, which are trill signatures in compositions, and the use of cengkok which is the use of extended melismatic notes (singing a single syllable text and carrying it through multiple notes). -The lyrics of traditional Malay music are usually set in Malay poetic forms – namely, the pantun, gurindam and syair, which lends a distinct Malay form of cultural expression.

GAMES Kercang

-This game is made of rattan which is arranged in layers according to its difficulty level. -The first level is the easiest followed by the second, third and so on

The rattan layer is symbolized as an area found in the forest such as ravines, gorges, ravines and so on.The player who first manages to free the rope trapped in the middle of the crumpled layer is considered to have won the competition in this game

Coconut shell race -This game are based on a coconut shell -The player has to place both feet on the shell -This game has similarities to the giant clogs -It is also played in a group

Their marriage customs are same as the Malay community, not much different.Next, , Juru Kerah will perform the marriage contract. After that, the bride and groom will eat a meal. The groom will feed the kepal rice to the bride’s mouth and vice versa. Then, they ate rice together.

CUSTOM & TRADITIONS WEDDING

TABOOS : DEATH -According to the Orang Asli Temuan custom, when a death occurs, the surrounding residents will visit the deceased and give sincere donations according to their ability. The villagers will mourn to honor the deceased and postpone daily activities until the completion of the funeral ceremony to avoid disasters such as getting wounds and so on.

TABOOS : PREGNANCY

● Orang Asli does not like visitors who praise his

● ●

newborn baby. The husband must not go fishing by using the net. Both husband and wife are also not allowed to eat deer meat.

SABAH ETHNIC COMMUNITY

There are 33 ethnic groups in Sabah such as :-Kadazandusun -Rungus -Bajau -MelayuBrunei -Murut -OrangSungei -Iranun -Bonggi -Kwijau Paitan -Bugis -LunBawang, -Lundayeh Kedayan -Suluk -Iban -Binadan -Bisaya -Kokos -Rumanau -Lotud -Minokok -Tidung -Rungus Kagayan -Tatana -Tagaas -Ubian -Kimaragang -Bajau Laut -Ida’an -Inokang -Sonsogon that communicate in over 50 languages and 80 ethic dialects.

-On 30 & 31 st May Kadazandusun celebrated Harvest Festival -Kadazan-Dusun is the largest ethnic group which comprises about 1/3 of the population -Bajau is the second largest ethnic group -Murut is the third largest ethnic group

2 MAIN EXAMPLES OF RACE IN SABAH i) KADAZAN-DUSUN ii) BAJAU

HISTORY ABOUT SABAH ETHNIC COMMUNITY

1.detected about 20,000-30,000 years ago

2.Then united with Malaya, Sarawak and Singapore to form the Federation of Malaysia on 16 September 1963

FESTIVALS OF KADAZAN -PESTA KAAMATAN

PESTA JAGUNG

TRADITIONAL COSTUME KADAZAN PANAMPANG

KADAZAN PAPAR

FOOD -TUHAU

AMBUYAT

TAPAI

DANCE ETHNIC KADAZAN

SUMAZAU

MUSIC TRADITIONAL OF ETHNIC KADAZAN-DUSUN

SULING ( SERULING )

RAMPANAU / MINSURUK

GAMES OF ETHNIC KADAZAN-DUSUN RAMPANAU / MINSURUKUD

WEDDING - The wedding party must be held even as short as two to three days. For those who can afford it, the ceremony is held for seven to fourteen days.

TABOO - (MALE & FEMALE RELATIONSHIP) -If caught in khalwat or known, the man must pay a fine to the woman. --If a woman is found to be pregnant from the act of khalwat, the man is forced to marry the woman.



PREGNANCY - Do not poke the nose of a buffalo or cow. It is believed that it will cause the child's lips to become chipped. -Can't hear animal ears. This will cause the child's ears to become long

Bajau FESTIVAL REGATTA LEPA

TRADITIONAL COSTUME OF ETHNIC BAJAU

i) BAJAU SAMA

FOOD OF ETHNIC BAJAU

LATOK

KILAU/KINILAU

DANCE OF ETHNIC BAJAU

LIMBAI

MUSIC TRADITIONAL OF ETHNIC BAJAU

GENDANG

GAMES OF ETHNIC BAJAU : MIGAZAT DUKUG / ROPE PULLING

WEDDING - The setting of the wedding day should be avoided from Wednesday and Sunday. This is because these two days are considered less good for the occasion. If this taboo is not observed, the bride will fall ill and not get a good sustenance.

TABOO - an orphan should not wear henna for the bride - so that the child born is not an orphan Prohibition on using mirrors at night - fear of losing the face series

PREGNANCY - Pregnant women should not walk at night for fear of being disturbed by subtle beings. Pregnant mothers should not eat all types of squid because it will complicate the birth process later

SARAWAK ETHNIC COMMUNITY

INTRODUCTION History of Sarawak can be traced as far as 40,000 years ago paleolithic period where the earliest evidence of human settlements is found in the Niah caves. A series of Chinese ceramics dated from 8th to 13th century AD was uncovered at the archeological site of Santubong. The coastal regions of Sarawak came under the influence of the Bruneian Empire in the 16th century. In 1839, James Brooke, a British explorer, first arrived in Sarawak. Sarawak was later governed by the Brooke family between 1841 and 1946. During World War II, it was occupied by the Japanese for three years. After the war, the last White Rajah, Charles Vyner Brooke, ceded Sarawak to Britain, and in 1946 it became a British Crown Colony

FESTIVAL GAWAI FESTIVAL

BORNEO FESTIVAL

TRADITIONAL COSTUME

Iban Traditional Costume

Bidayak Traditional Costume

Food =Umai

DANCE DAYAK KENYAH

Music traditional

KERINGOT

Games Sumpit

Wedding traditions in Sarawak

TABOO TRADITIONS IN SARAWAK



CONCLUSION As a student, I get so many information about Malaysia community and I know more info about their own culture and get me so proud to be Malaysian. Hope this culture will always remembered by next generation.