NOTAS GRAMATICALES PARA. 2° BACHILLERATO.DÉCIMA PAl~,TE

VERBOS QUE VAN SEGUIDOS DE GERUNDIO O INFINITIVO n

VERBOS OUE VAN SEGUIDOS DE FORl\1A Los más comunes son: TO STOP TO ENJOY

TO MlND TO IMAGINE

TO DELAY TO ADMIT

TO AVOID TOPRACTISE

TO CONSIDER TOMISS

ING

TO FD\JISH TO SUGGEST

TODENY TO INVOLVE TOPOSTPONE

Los siguientes verbos "phrasal" también '~uidos de forma -!NG: TO GlVE t,-rp TO GO ON TO PUT OFF TO KEEPIKEEP ON TO CARRY ON N,B: Con muchos de esos verbos también es posible la construcción con TRAT. EJEMPLO: He denied stealing the money He denied that he had stolen the money Just imagine flying in a spaceship!! Just imagine that you fly in a spaceshipl ! He stopped talking and began to pay attention 1 enjoy watching TV and having a hot dog at the same time

2~ VERBOS QUE VAN SEGUIDOS DE INFINITIVO r

2,1

SEGUIDOS DE INFINITIVO CON TQ

Los más comunes

son:

TO AGREE

TO REFUSE

TO THREATHEN

TO DECIDE TO ROPE TO PRETEND

TO OFFER TO PLAN

TO APPEAR TO AFFORD

TOPROMISE TOMANAGE TOARRANGE

TO SEEM TOFORGET

Por ejemplo:

The lady pretended to be a Duchess Dont forget to buy some bread\ 1managed to pass all the final exaITlS e "question word" (por ejemplo, verbos, se pue d e u.,ar una . . . Despues de los ~;lgU1enes) a continuación un inflllltlVOcon TO. WHAT, HOW, WHERE ... y TO KNOW

,

TO ASK

.'

t

'ra DECIDE

TO FORGET TO REMEMBER TO EXPLAIN TO UNDERSAND Por ejemplo: Peter doesnt know where to go or what to do

2.2 - SEGUIDOS DE OBJETO + INFINITIVO CON TO Los más comunes TO WANT TO TO HELP* TO TO REMIND TO FORCE TO

son: ASK TO EXPECT TELL TO ORDER TO WARN INVITE TO PERSUADE

EJEMPLO: My father wants me to study Chinese 1ordered them to come in and sit down *El verbo HELP admite dos construcciones: Can somebody help me move this table? Can somebody help me to move this table?

2.3 - SEGUIDOS DE lNFlNITIVO SIN TO 2.3.1. MODALES/AUXILIARES CAN SHOULD MUST

COULD WOULD NEED**

MA y WlLL DARE***

MIGHT SHALL

Por ejemplo: I couldnt swim when 1was three years old We should study hard It may rain tonight N.B.: NEED** puede usarse con TO, sin TO y con forma en -ING -You neednt hurry. Its still earIy. -You dont need to hurry. Its till early. -The flowers need watering (=need to be watered) DARE*** puede ir seguido de infinitivo con o sin TO -1 don't dare to ask him -1 don' t dare ask him 2.3.2.LETIMAKE/HELPIWOVLD

RATHER

LET Y MAKE van seguidos de objeto + Infinitivo sin TO Por ejemplo: Let me see the book

Lets go (= Let us go) She always malees me laugh HELP puede ir seguido de infinitivo con o sin TO (ver apartado 2.2) La fórmula WOULD RATHER ('D RATHER) se utiliza para traducir la idea de "prefiero/preferiría": I'd rather go by car (=1 would rather go by car)

2.3.3. VERBOS QUE ADMn'EN nos PosmILIDADES, FRECUENCIA CON USOS :ESPE:CIALIZADOS

CON

-TO TRY: Con infinitivo con 1'0 = intentar/hacer un esfuerzo por... Re was tired and tried to keep his eyes open, but he couldnt Con gerundio = someter a experimento, probar a ... Re had abad headache and tried taking an aspirin, but it didnt work. -TONEED Con infinitivo con TO = necesitar hacer algo de forma activa Peter needs to take more exercise Con gerundio = necesitar que se nos haga algo, de forma pasiva The grass needs cutting (= needs to be cut) -TOPREFER Puede ir seguido de gerundio o infinitivo con TO, sin distinción de significado: 1 prefer to live in the country 1 prefer living in the country -USED TO = TO BE/GET USED TO -USED TO (expresión de hábito en pasado, "solía") va siempre acompañado de infinitivo 1 used to smoke, but 1 dont smoke now. -TO BE/GET USED TO (estar acostumbrado a/acostumbrarse a), va siempre seguido de forma -ING 1 am not used to getting up early After a few days, 1 got used to having a big breakfast. -TO SEE/TO HEARlTO FEEL/TO NOTICE/TO WATCR Pueden ir seguidos de infiinitivo sin TO o de forma en -ING, pero con matiz ligeramente diferente: -1 saw her dance (la vi bailar muchas veces, no en un momento concreto) -1 saw her dancing (la vi bailar en aquella ocasión)

~EXPRESIONES

QUE VAN SEGUIDAS DE GERUNDIO

-IT IS NO USEIIT IS NO GOOD (no sirve de nada ...) Its no good worrying about this problem. -THERE IS NO POINT IN (no tiene sentido ...) Theres no point in buying a car. We can go by bus. -IT 1S (NOT) WORTH (No/merece la pena) 11's not worth taking a taxi. W'e can walk. -WASTE OF MONEY / TIME (pérdida de dinero/tiempo) It' s a waste of time reading that book -RAVE DIFFICULTY IN (tener dificultad en ....) He had difficulty in finding the house -SPEND / WASTE + EXPRESIÓN DE Tn~MPO (pasar/desperdiciar tiempo) He spent three hours looking flor my house. -GO/COME + Verbos de actividades de ocio/deportivas He went skiing last week Are you coming swimming? 1usually go shopping at the weekends Wf{! will go climbing next weekend -CANT BEARlCANT STAND (no poder soportar) 1 cant stand people talking in class -CAN'T HELP (no poder evitar) 1 couldnt help laughing at her. -PREPOSICIÓN + GERUNDIO (EXCEPTO «TO") Are you interested in going to the threatre? -BEFORE/AFTER + GERUNDIO Before leaving the house, 1 turned offthe gas After going out, 1 walked to the bus-stop -VERBO USADO CDMO NOMBRE ABSTRACTO Smoking is bad for your health Seeing is believing Swimming amisk"aímg are my favourite sports -TO LOOK FORWARD,TO + G:pf{.,"n~])IO(estar deseando, tener muchas ganas de ....) Peter is looking forward to going to París next June

EJERCICIOS DE TRADUCCIÓN INVERSA PARA r BACHILLERATO. BASADOS EN NOTAS GRAMATICALES, DÉCIMA PARTE 1- Tom se negó a prestarme el dinero 2- Juana ha decidido no comprar el coche 3- Ellladrón entró en la casa porque habían olvidado cerrar las ventanas 4- Un día me encantaría aprender a pilotar un helicóptero 5- Carmen prometió no llegar tarde a la cita 6- Le grité. Hizo como si no hubiera oído, jJ