BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM- INITIAL ISSUE 4/REVISION 0/JULY 2022

DISCLAIMER This course notes is intended for training purposes only. The information it contains is as accurate as possible at the time of issue. Where the information contained in this course notes is at variance with official documents, the latter must be taken as the overriding authority. BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 2 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 In-house facilities Attendance Housekeeping / Cleanliness Hand phones to be in silent mode Exercises to be kept confidential Smoking only in designated areas Prayer time Back on time after each break. 3 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 EVACUATION PLAN 4 OF 108

LET’S GET TO KNOW EACH OTHER • Name • Experience (Current/ Previous) • What do you know about Safety Management System (SMS) • Share any safety event you have experienced (accident & incident) BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 5 OF 108

CONTENT 1. Introduction to Aviation Safety 2. Definition of Safety, Hazard, Risk and SMS 3. Regulatory Framework 4. Safety Culture 5. SMS Implementation 6. Reporting System 7. Aviation Incident/Accident BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 6 OF 108

OBJECTIVES BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 To provide participants on basic understanding on safety. To enlighten the responsibility of everybody towards SMS. To understand the implementation of SMS in aviation. To highlight on the hazard/ incident/ accident reporting. 7 OF 108

INTRODUCTION BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 8 OF 108

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BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION SAFETY Did you know? The International Air Transport Association (IATA) announced the publication of the 2020 Safety Report and released data for the 2020 safety performance of the commercial airline industry. The total number of accidents decreased from 52 in 2019 to 38 in 2020. The total number of fatal accidents decreased from 8 in 2019 to 5 in 2020. The all accident rate was 1.71 accidents per million flights. This is higher than the 5-year (2016-2020) average rate which is 1.38 accidents per million flights. 10 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 IATA member airlines’ accident rate was 0.83 per million flights, which was an improvement over the 5-year average rate of 0.96. Total flight operations reduced by 53% to 22 million in 2020. Fatality risk remained unchanged compared to the five-year average at 0.13. With a fatality risk of 0.13 for air travel, on average, a person would have to travel by air every day for 461 years before experiencing an accident with at least one fatality. On average, a person would have to travel every day for 20,932 years to experience a 100% fatal accident. 11 OF 108

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BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 INTRODUCTION TO AVIATION SAFETY Air transport is the safest way to travel. ICAO is totally committed to a consistent improvement in safety. Airline safety is the industry’s top priority. Safety is the promise the aviation industry makes to the billions of people who fly annually. 13 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 • All industry (including aviation) can never be entirely risk free. • While the elimination of aircraft accidents and/or serious incidents remains the ultimate goal, it is recognized that the aviation system cannot be completely free of hazards and associated risks. • Human activities or human-built systems cannot be guaranteed to be absolutely free from operational errors and their consequences. • While risk can never be completely eliminated, it must be reduced to As Low As Reasonably Practicable (ALARP) to ensure maximum safety and operational efficiency 14 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 DEFINITION 15 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SAFETY IS.. The state in which risks associated with aviation activities, related to, or in direct support of the operation of aircraft, are reduced and controlled to an acceptable level. -Annex 19/CAAM CAD 19 – Safety Management The state in which the possibility of harm to persons or of property damage is reduced to, and maintained at or below, an acceptable level through a continuing process of hazard identification and safety risk management. -ICAO Doc 9859 4th Edition16 OF 108

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BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 DEFINITION 18 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 HAZARD IS.. Condition or an object with the potential to cause or contribute to an aircraft incident or accident. -Annex 19/CAAM CAD 19 – Safety Management 19 OF 108

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BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 DEFINITION 21 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 RISK IS.. The predicted probability and severity of the consequences or outcomes of a hazard -Annex 19/CAAM CAD 19 – Safety Management The projected likelihood and severity of the consequence or outcome from an existing hazard or situation. -ICAO Doc 9859- 22 OF 108

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Security issues Non standard procedures Noise Wildlife Vehicles FOD Weather Obstacles BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 24 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 DEFINITION 25 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 A formal means of lowering human error and thus, the accident rate. A Safety Management System is nothing more than learning to “sweat the small stuff so you never have to sweat the big stuff.” (G. Dupont) We do this with a formal, systematic, accident prevention program that manages Safety risks through all aspects of the company. The underlying end goal of any SMS is to cause the company to develop a “Safety Culture” without destroying the “bottom line” (profit). 26 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SMS A Safety Management System (SMS) is an organized approach to managing safety, including the necessary organizational structures, accountabilities, policies and procedures. Safety management should be treated as a core business function just as financial management, HR management, etc. The primary requirement for an SMS is to establish a management system that has the necessary policy, processes and procedures in place such that operational safety is maintained at this acceptable level (risk management) and operational results are always consistently achieved (quality management). 27 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK INTERNATIONAL CIVIL AVIATION ORGANIZATION (ICAO) • Annex 19 • Document 9859-Safety Management Manual (SMM) CIVIL AVIATION AUTHORITY OF MALAYSIA (CAAM) • CAR 2016 – Part XXIII (166, 167) • Civil Aviation Directive 19 • Civil Aviation Guidance Material 1902 INTERNATIONAL AIR TRANSPORT ASSOCIATION (IATA) •ORG 1.6.5A (IOSA) – Within an SMS both management personnel (including the accountable executive) and non-management personnel are expected to complete SMS training 28 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 ICAO SAFETY MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS ICAO Requirements States to develop a State Safety Program (SSP) Service providers to develop Safety Management System (SMS) Annex 19 29 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 ICAO SAFETY MANAGEMENT REQUIREMENTS ICAO require State to apply SMS to their service providers. The SMS is a system that: Identifies hazards Takes action to maintain safety performance Monitors and assesses its performance Continuously seeks to improve its performance 30 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 CAAM SMS REQUIREMENTS CAAM Requirements CAR 2016 Part XXIII Safety Programme and Safety Management System 31 OF 108

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BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 CAAM CIVIL AVIATION DIRECTIVE-19 33 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 CAAM CIVIL AVIATION GUIDANCE MATERIAL 1902 34 OF 108

SAFETY CULTURE BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 35 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SAFETY CULTURE Safety culture can be seen as: What people at all levels in an organisation do and say when their commitment to safety is not being scrutinised. Accountable managers and nominated postholders should take a leading role in developing an active safety culture within their organisation, so that SMS becomes an integral part of the management and work practices of the organization - the way we do things round here. Senior management commitment is crucial and this needs to be demonstrated on a regular basis. 36 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SAFETY CULTURE Is a set of enduring values and attitudes regarding safety, shared by every member of every level of an organization. Combines effects of organizational culture, professional culture and even national culture. It reflects the real commitment to safety at all levels in the organization 37 OF 108

Informed Culture Reporting Culture Flexible Culture Learning Culture Just Culture BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 JAMES REASON’S COMPONENT OF SAFETY CULTURE 38 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Informed Culture Those who manage and operate the system have current knowledge about the human, technical, organizational and environmental factors that determine safety of the system as a whole. 39 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Reporting Culture An organizational climate in which people are prepared to report their errors and near misses 40 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Learning Culture An organizational must posses the willingness and competence to draw the right conclusions from its safety information system and the will to implement major reforms 41 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Flexible Culture A culture in which an organization is able to reconfigure itself in the face of high tempo operations or certain kinds of danger. Often shifting from the conventional hierarchical mode to a flatter mode 42 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Just Culture An organization’s way of safety thinking the promotes a questioning attitude, is resistant to complacency, is committed to excellence and fosters both personal accountability and corporate self-regulation with regards to safety. 43 OF 108

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How SMS promotes Safety Culture: Promotes Just Culture. Facilitates information flow by informing staff of operational risks hazards and how to handle them. Creates a continuous learning environment. BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SAFETY CULTURE SAFETY CULTURE SMS 45 OF 108

Benefits of a safety culture Increases reporting and effective communication Facilitates continuous monitoring and improvement Ensures consistent prioritization of safety Boost employee morale and productivity Promotes effective implementation of SOPs BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 SAFETY CULTURE 46 OF 108

BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 Return on Investment A positive safety culture provides a greater control over losses. In turn, this allows organizations to operate in inherently risky environments where the return on the investment is the greatest Trust A positive safety culture will generate trust on the part of other customers and other aviation organizations potentially generating more business though alliances Improved Audits A positive safety culture will welcome audits as an important source of external information and/or confirmation about how well the organization is performing 47 OF 108

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SMS IMPLEMENTATION BATIK AIR TECHNICAL TRAINING Issue 4/ Revision 0/ July 2022 49 OF 108

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