FORD Assembly Plant Water Treatment Leads to Cleaner Drinking Water CSR REVIEW Reducing Global Impact in a Global Sporting Conglomerate FORMULA 1 Reducing Carbon Emissions to Net-Zero NETFLIX Mitigating Wildfire Risk and Strengthening Infrastructure PG&E VOLUME 01 Implementing CSR Initiatives On Multiple Fronts STARBUCKS THE

TABLE OF CONTENTS By Luz Mireya Barajas STARBUCKS SUCCESS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY 01 By Statney Lattin FORMULA 1'S COMMITMENT TO NET ZERO BY 2030 07 By Elizabeth Singer PG&E'S PLAN TO UNDERGROUND 10,000 MILES OF POWER LINES 10 By Caitlyn Bernou NETFLIX AIMS TO ACHIEVE NET ZERO CARBON FOOTPRINT BY 2022 04 By Tyler Stickney FORD WINS AWARD FOR SUSTAINABILITY 13

STARBUCKS SUCCESS IN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY B Y L U Z M I R EY A B A R A J A S PAGE 1 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Starbucks is the largest coffee house in the world, with a presence in eighty countries. With a global reach, the Starbucks brand endeavors to positively impact societies and protect the environment, fulfilling its corporate social responsibility (CSR) duty. Companies' engagement in corporate social responsibility practices makes them beneficial to stakeholders, enhancing their business success. Corporate social responsibility comprises practices that make a business profitable, ethical, socially supportive, and law-abiding (Latapi et al., 2019). An example of CSR practices is supporting societies with time, talent, and monetary contributions. Starbucks’s CSR activities fulfill the ISO – 26000 core standards of social responsibility. Starbucks has built a reputation for incorporating CSR activities that improve the welfare of its staff and the community and conserving the environment (Valuiskaya, 2019). Such corporate and social responsibility ventures that have given Starbucks a competitive edge and brought huge success for the company are promoting gender equality and empowering minorities, supporting coffee farmers, and preserving the environment. Starbucks is a leading promoter of gender equality and the empowerment of minorities in the workplace. The company has launched an initiative that ensures that the percentage of female workers at its global premises rises to a minimum of at least 40%. That number has risen to a high of over 60% in the U.S., according to a 2018 Starbucks report. Moreover, the wage gap between male and female workers has been reduced, and both genders earn the same amount of money for similar work (Klein, 2019). Starbucks. Storefront Image. Retrieved 2022. https://www.starbucks.be/en

Starbucks has taken initiative to lead efforts in environmental conservation by committing to reduce the operational waste sent to landfills from its retail stores. The most notable environmental conservation initiative is eliminating plastic straws, as plastics are one of the biggest polluters of the environment. As well, the company has partnered with manufacturers to develop 100% recyclable and compostable cups by the end of 2022 (Starbucks CSR Report, 2021). Customers are also encouraged to bring their own cups and mugs. In addition, Starbucks has increased its investment in renewable energy with a goal of transitioning all locations to operate using renewable energy. In addition to minimizing energy consumption at its stores, Starbucks is also committed to water conservation with a goal of reducing water consumption by 50% at its retail stores and coffee processing factories by 2030. Starbucks has also ensured that at least 40% of its employees in the U.S. are drawn from minority populations. More women and minorities are being promoted into leadership positions. Additionally, Starbucks has hired thousands of military veterans and opened tens of military stores against a goal of 200 in the U.S. Starbucks also has a goal of hiring 10,000 refugees globally, and about 3000 were hired in 2022 (Starbucks CSR Report, 2021). Starbucks supports and protects thousands of coffee farmers around the world. Coffee is a demanding crop that takes years to mature and has a high cost of production. Adverse agricultural conditions such as pests, diseases, and climate change have complicated coffee farming. To protect coffee farmers, Starbucks pays above-market rates for coffee (Red Sea Search, 2021). What’s more, the company has set up farmers’ support centers across the world to support research on agricultural solutions for coffee farming. The research centers have produced the much-needed climate change and disease-resistant varieties. By the same token, 99% of Starbucks’s coffee sourcing is certified as legitimate, including sourcing from small-scale farmers in the DRC at high rates to improve their lives (Starbucks CSR Report, 2017). PAGE 2 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Roseclay, Dominika. Photo of Spilled Coffee Beans, Canva.com, accessed November 16, 2022, https://www.canva.com/

References: Corporate social responsibility and international development – How are companies such as Starbucks assisting development? (2021, March 8). Red Sea Search – Recruitment. https://www.redseasearch.com/corporatesocial-responsibility-and-international-development- how-are-companies-such-as-starbucks-are-assisting- development/ D. Klein. (2019, April). Starbucks commits to closing the U.S. gender pay gap. QSR magazine. https://www.qsrmagazine.com/employee- management/starbucks-commits-closing-us-gender-paygap. LatapíAgudelo, M. A., Jóhannsdóttir, L., & Davídsdóttir, B. (2019). A literature review of the history and evolution of corporate social responsibility. International Journal of Corporate Social Responsibility, 4(1), 1-23. Project in Congo helps restore country as source of coffee. (2017, September 15). Starbucks Stories. https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2017/project-incongo-helps-restore-country-as-source-of-coffee/ Roseclay, Dominika. Photo of Spilled Coffee Beans, Canva.com, accessed November 16, 2022, https://www.canva.com/ Starbucks. Logo. n.d. Web. Retrieved 9/11/22 Starbucks. Storefront Image. Retrieved 2022. https://www.starbucks.be/en 2021 Starbucks global environmental and social impact report. (2022, April 25). Starbucks Stories. https://stories.starbucks.com/stories/2022/starbucksglobal-environmental-and-social-impact-report-2021/ Valuiskaya, E. (2019). Corporate Social Responsibility in Business-to-Business and Business-to-Consumer Companies: Nucor Corporation and Starbucks Corporation Case Studies (Doctoral dissertation, University Honors College Middle Tennessee State University). PAGE 3 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Promoting gender equality and minorities’ empowerment, supporting coffee farmers, and environmental conservation are highlights of Starbucks’s corporate social responsibility. The company has built a reputable brand that has succeeded in a competitive global market. Starbucks’s efforts have positively impacted stakeholders and societies in its operational sphere. The Starbucks brand has fulfilled its social responsibility obligations per ISO – 26000 requirements.

Nature: Our Commitment to the Environment”, in which she described the company’s plans to achieve net-zero carbon emissions by the close of 2022 (Stewart, 2021). Dr. Stewart described the plan as being a three-pronged approach, including taking actions to: reduce emissions, make investment into projects that prevent carbon from entering the atmosphere, and investment into projects that remove carbon from the atmosphere (e.g., restoration of natural ecosystems). This proposal would align Netflix with the U.N. Paris Agreement’s goal to limit global warming to 1.5°C (Spangler, 2021). PAGE 4 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE CchrisS. (2017). Movie theatre with a drawn red curtain . Pixabay. Retrieved 2022, from https://pixabay.com/ Netflix "In-Progress" Report on Our Climate Commitments graphic. (2021). Netflix. Retrieved 2022, from https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-in-progress-reporton-our-climate-commitments.

Carbon Project graphic. (n.d.). Maasai Wilderness Conservation Trust. Retrieved 2022, from http://maasaiwilderness.org/carbon-project/.

nature: Our commitment to the environment. Netflix. Retrieved September 6, 2022, from https://about.netflix.com/en/news/net-zero-nature-ourclimate-commitment Stewart, E. (2022, March 30). Our progress on Sustainability: One Year in. About Netflix. Retrieved October 8, 2022, from https://about.netflix.com/en/news/netflix-sustainabilityprogress-one-year-in

Logistics operations, which consist of the travel of teams, transport of equipment, and tires consume the largest share of emissions at 45%. The next contributor is Formula 1’s business travel needs, which include flights for all executives and employees. The ten teams in Formula 1 travel around 75,000 miles around the globe each season. Flights of personnel and equipment for these alone provide a huge amount of exhaust emissions alone. With the innovation of the newly announced 2026 technical regulations, the FIA has put much more focus on sustainability (F1. 2022, July 26). With each new set of technical regulations, the FIA both emphasizes and brings focus on new fuel technologies, engine efficiencies, and overall better sustainability. These cuts and changes aren’t unique to the racetrack (F1. 2022, July 26). FORMULA 1’S COMMITMENT TO NET ZERO BY 2030 B Y S T A T N EY L A T T I N Formula 1 has been entertaining the world of motorsports for seventy-five years and is considered the world’s most prestigious motor racing competition. Overseen by the Federation Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA), Formula 1 has been a pioneer in the industry and a trendsetter for all of the motor, transportation, and racing developments. Formula 1 looks to continue pioneering and paving the way into the future as it sets new economic goals with the target to be net zero carbon emissions by the 2030 season (F1. 2022, September). Sustainability is not a new goal globally, but Formula 1 has recently ramped up its efforts. Formula 1 estimates their 2019 carbon emissions to be 256,551 tonnes, which is roughly the equivalent of one single car driving around the globe a quarter of a million times. PAGE 7 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Jingoba, Racing Car, Canva.com, accessed November 12, 2022, https://www.canva.com/

In order to reach these goals, the globally active sport must make changes to reduce its carbon footprint. Worldwide travel, research, and development costs, and team salaries have caused many teams to spend unimaginable amounts of money. For example, the championship-winning team, AMG Petronas Mercedes, spent nearly half a billion dollars in the 2019 season. (EssentiallySports. 2019, December). F1 is introducing new rules and regulations to reduce not only the emissions from Formula 1 cars but motor racing in general. As F1 currently operates, ten different teams transport twenty race cars in total, along with countless spare parts, team management, executives, crewmen, and drivers to twentytwo locations around the world each season. The logistics of this type of operation are simply remarkable and extremely expensive, not to mention the carbon emissions and output generated into the environment. Over the average Formula 1 season, a detailed carbon footprint analysis revealed that over 256,000 CO2 equivalent tonnes are generated. For reference, 1 tonne of CO2 is equivalent to driving a diesel car for 6000 kilometers(Crown Oil. 2021, November). At the height of Formula 1’s performance era, the cars were powered by extremely large and fuel-thirsty engines. These V12 engines produced significantly more carbon output than the V6 hybrid engines. Current F1 engines have been designed by regulations that have been set with the goal of reducing carbon emissions. (Formula 1. 2021)The driving force behind these emissions and the heart of these operations is money. As the sport has evolved, budgets have become more and more of an issue. While costs have always been a concern, in the past five to ten years, the FIA, has begun taking steps to reign in some of this outlandish spending (RacingNews365). 2022 technical regulations instituted a budget cost cap with the goal of reducing the exuberant costs associated with the sport. Setting lower budgets for the teams to operate within helps to reduce the amount of carbon footprint each team produces. These new operational budgets force teams and organizations to be more efficient as they attempt to remain competitive. PAGE 8 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE FIA vector (SVG) logo. Worldvectorlogo. (n.d.). Retrieved 2022, from https://worldvectorlogo.com/logo/fia-2

reduction in CO2 emissions and significant increase in female and ethnic minority workforce: Formula 1®. Formula 1. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.mercedesannounce-50-reduction-in-co2-emissions-and-significantincrease-in.5usATgSSvKIJB1cWnc3tHE.html F1. (2022, July 26). Formula 1 on course to deliver 100% sustainable fuels for 2026: Formula 1®. Formula 1. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-oncourse-to-deliver-100-sustainable-fuels-for2026.1szcnS0ehW3I0HJeelwPam.html F1. (2022, July 26). Formula 1 on course to deliver 100% sustainable fuels for 2026: Formula 1®. Formula 1. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.formula-1-oncourse-to-deliver-100-sustainable-fuels-for2026.1szcnS0ehW3I0HJeelwPam.html F1. (2022, September 28). Net zero carbon: How formula 1 is going to meet this ambitious target by 2030: Formula 1®. Formula 1. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.net-zero-carbonhow-formula-1-is-going-to-meet-this-ambitious-target-by2030.5QsK9NpYbz7pXp7423I3iJ.html FIA World Motor Sport Council approves power unit regulations for 2026: Formula 1®. Formula 1. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://www.formula1.com/en/latest/article.breaking-fia-worldmotor-sport-council-approves-power-unit-regulationsfor.495Jt6I1pAAsytVVYjz2Z5.html PAGE 9 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE How F1's budget cap could shake up the pecking order. RacingNews365. (n.d.). Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://racingnews365.com/how-f1s-budget-cap-could-shakeup-the-pecking-order Parker, L. (2022, February 25). Formula 1 publishes environment, Social & Governance Briefing Note to detail its Sustainability Progress & Plans. Formula One World Championship Limited. Retrieved October 10, 2022, from https://corp.formula1.com/formula-1-publishes-environmentsocial-governance-briefing-note-to-detail-its-sustainabilityprogress-plans/ Crown Oil. (2021, November 12). 1 Tonne of CO2: What Does it Look Like? Crown Oil. https://www.crownoil.co.uk/news/1- tonne-of-co2-what-does-it-look-like/ Download FIA vector (SVG) logo. Worldvectorlogo. (n.d.). Retrieved November 9, 2022, from https://worldvectorlogo.com/logo/fia-2 Noble, J. (2017, November 26). New Formula 1 logo revealed. https://www.motorsport.com/f1/news/new-formula-1-logorevealed-983091/1380889/

Fueled by strong winds during the “Northern California firestorm”, the Tubbs Fire was one of a dozen fires burning across eight Northern California counties (Griggs, 2017). The cause of the Tubbs Fire was first determined by CalFire to be a privately owned electrical system, but PG&E accepted responsibility for trees impacting the arcing power lines and causing the fire. The Tubbs Fire was responsible for 22 deaths, destroyed more than 5,643 structures, and caused estimated losses of $1.2 billion (LA Times, 2017; CalFire, 2017). The following year saw the Camp Fire in Butte County, which was the most deadly and destructive wildfire in California's history (Press, 2019). The cause of this fire was determined to be a faulty 115 kV electrical transmission line which was compounded by hot and dry easterly winds. PG&E'S PLAN TO UNDERGROUND 10,000 MILES OF POWER LINES B Y EL IZ A B ET H S I N G E R PAGE 10 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Pacific Gas & Electric Co. announces plans to upgrade its aging infrastructure by burying 10,000 miles of power lines over the next decade. The Northern California utility company plans to spend up to $30 billion on the project to mitigate wildfire risk and reduce the impact of power safety shutoffs (Daley, 2022). PG&E’s guiding principle is that safety is of the utmost importance (PG&E, 2022). With many programs touting disaster preparedness and safety protocols, many have wondered why the electrical infrastructure has been the cause of significant wildfires in the service territory. One such fire was the Tubbs Fire which ignited near Calistoga, California on October 8, 2017. Pixabay, Forest Fire, Canva.com, accessed November 12, 2022, https://www.canva.com/

PG&E launched the Community Wildfire Safety Program in 2018 to help keep customers and communities safe. The goals of this program were to underground power lines, upgrade to stronger poles and covered power lines, and enhance power line safety by shutting off power within one-tenth of a second when a problem is detected. Under this measure, when winds are strong enough to cause arcing, the power line would be automatically de-energized to reduce the risk of ignition. PG&E also now proactively turns off portions of their infrastructure during high fire danger weather events in a practice known as a public safety power shutoff or PSPS.In the past, undergrounding power lines has been shown to reduce the risk of fire ignition by 99%. Additionally, undergrounding lines will fortify the electrical grid, reduce the need for public safety power shutoffs, reduce the need for tree cutting and removal, and improve the reliability of the electrical system. (PG&E, 2022). This endeavor is a direct result of the commitment that PG&E has made to preserve community safety, with a forwardlooking approach to differing weather conditions and climate change. As temperatures rise and winds become stronger, overhead power lines pose more risk than in the past. PAGE 11 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE The Camp Fire caused 85 deaths, burned more than 18,000 structures, and is estimated to have caused $16.5 billion in losses (CalFire, 2018; LA Times, 2019). Facing huge liabilities, PG&E filed for bankruptcy on January 14, 2019. As part of their bankruptcy protection, PG&E allocated $25.5 billion to claims related to wildfire losses (Penn, 2020; Gonzales, 2019). Additionally, PG&E plead guilty to 84 counts of involuntary manslaughter related to the deaths caused by the Camp Fire. In response to litigation, the Fire Victim Trust was created on July 1, 2020, and funded with $5.4 billion and 22.19% of PG&E stock. By the deadline of February 26, 2021, there were 71,394 claims filed by wildfire victims (Gonzalez, 2019). Holt, Maya, Power Line under the Orange Sky, Canva.com, accessed November 16, 2022, https://www.canva.com/

PAGE 12 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE In 2021, seventy-three miles of power lines were buried, with plans to double that number in 2022. PG&E has set an aggressive target of completing one-third of its 10,000- mile goal by the end of 2026 and anticipates reaching its end target in ten years. According to a KCRA interview with PG&E spokesperson Megan McFarland, this project’s costs are about $3.75 million per mile, but PG&E anticipates that number to fall to about $2.5 million per mile by 2026 (Johnson, 2022). This would put the total anticipated cost at $25 billion for all 10,000 miles of power lines. While this cost is being passed along to the ratepayers, the burden is roughly fifteen cents per month. PG&E is still working to identify other sources of funding, which may include federal and state grants. References: At least 10 dead, 1,500 structures lost in Northern California firestorm, among worst in State's history. Los Angeles Times. (2017, October 9). Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://web.archive.org/web/20190912114033/https://www.latim es.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-napa-fires-20171009-story.html California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). (n.d.). Camp fire incident. Cal Fire Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Retrieved October 5, 2022, from https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2018/11/8/camp-fire/ California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection (CAL FIRE). (n.d.). Tubbs Fire (Central LNU complex) incident. Cal Fire Department of Forestry and Fire Protection. Retrieved October 3, 2022, from https://www.fire.ca.gov/incidents/2017/10/8/tubbsfire-central-lnu-complex/ Community wildfire safety program. PG&E's Community Wildfire Safety Program. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://www.pge.com/en_US/safety/emergency- preparedness/natural-disaster/wildfires/community-wildfiresafety.page Daley, H. (2022, June 16). PG&E moves power underground in plan to bury 10,000 miles. NBC Bay Area. Retrieved September 12, 2022, from https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/california/pge- moves-power-underground-in-plan-to-bury-10000- miles/2920849/ Gonzales, R. (2019, December 7). PG&E announces $13.5 billion settlement of claims linked to California wildfires. NPR. Retrieved October 7, 2022, from https://www.npr.org/2019/12/07/785775074/pg-e-announces-13-5- billion-settlement-of-claims-linked-to-california-wildfires Griggs, T., Lee, J. C., Park, H., Singhvi, A., Wallace, T., Ward, J., & Watkins, D. (2017, October 14). Northern California fires have destroyed at least 5,700 buildings. The New York Times. Retrieved October 2, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2017/10/14/us/californiafire-building-damage.html Holt, Maya, Power Line under the Orange Sky, Canva.com, accessed November 16, 2022, https://www.canva.com/ Johnson, B. (2022, May 13). Where PG&E's project to move its power lines underground stands one year later. KCRA. Retrieved October 9, 2022, from https://www.kcra.com/article/moving-pge- power-lines-underground-cost-who-foots-the-bill/39960842# Los Angeles Times. (2019, January 12). California's Camp Fire was the costliest global disaster last year, Insurance Report shows. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved October 6, 2022, from https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-camp-fireinsured-losses-20190111-story.html Pacific Gas & Electric Corporation. Logo. n.d. Web. Retrieved 9/11/22 Penn, I. (2020, July 1). PG&E, troubled California utility, emerges from bankruptcy. The New York Times. Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/01/business/energy- environment/pge-bankruptcy-ends.html Pixabay, Forest Fire, Canva.com, accessed November 12, 2022, https://www.canva.com/ Press, A. (2019, August 2). List of missing in Camp Fire down to 1. FOX40. Retrieved October 5, 2022, from https://fox40.com/news/california-connection/one-still-missingin-camp-fire/ Staying safe. Safety. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2022, from https://www.pge.com/en_US/safety/safety.page

FORD RACES AHEAD OF COMPETITION IN WATER TREATMENT IMOVATION B Y T Y LE R S T IC K N EY This sustainable vision isn’t a new goal for the company, starting 1999 the company was one of the first in its industry to publish a sustainability report and while that report was lacking in many ways the impact that initial publication set the company in the right direction and has pushed positive change throughout the past 20 years. Some of these initial goals listed in past reports are today realized and are currently making a difference in the impact that Ford has on its industry. A vision of a 27% reduction in CO2 (2010-2016), a 30% reduction in water per vehicle produced (2009-2013), and reducing waste to landfill per vehicle by 54% (2011-2015) have all been achievements that the company can add to its list of accomplishments(Howell, 2020). Currently, the company has plans to reduce both water use and carbon footprint by cutting the amount of fresh drinking water used in production, investing heavily in electric vehicles, and making their production facilities carbon neutral by 2050. Ford wins the “A-List” award from the nonprofit CDP for its efforts in tackling climate change and protecting drinkable water. In the past six years, Ford has worked hard to become one of 106 international companies to earn a place on the “A-List” by reducing operational water use by over 70% globally since 2017. As a part of its commitment to tackling climate change, outlined in its yearly sustainability reports, the company wants to achieve carbon neutrality in its global production by no later than 2050 and will have invested over $11.5 billion in electric vehicle production by 2022 (Ford Media Center, 2022). PAGE 13 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE Vectors & Clipart. Dreamstime. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2022 https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/water-filtration-plant.html , Sweet Home Oregon. (n.d.). Retrieved 2022, from https://www.sweethomeor.govs

PAGE 14 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE The systems that are responsible for this goal of water reduction are the wastewater treatment facilities being installed around the company’s global production facilities. These systems range from grey water capture systems to what Ford calls “water from air” systems which are installed in drought-stricken areas where water is a scarce resource. Most of the water that is captured is utilized in for human consumption first and then is processed by some kind of treatment plant, each manufacturing facility is equipped with its own unique plant. The treated wastewater is used for painting, surface treatments, and many other applications in the manufacturing process which would normally take fresh drinking water away from the communities around the plants. Along with the use of wastewater in the production of vehicles, Ford has also started to use more manufacturing techniques that require less water as a part of their production process. These types of systems are currently being used in Thailand, India, Mexico, China, Vietnam, and Michigan with plans being made to implement versions of these systems in all of Ford's production facilities. Currently, Ford has seen major improvements in production as these changes have been implemented. In Chennai, India Fords Vehicle Assembly and Engine Plant (VAEP), is down to using only 1.17 m3 per vehicle of freshwater which is down from 7.3 m3 per vehicle used a decade ago. In its Sanand India plant, Ford has managed to achieve a zero-water discharge using a 110,000 m3 rainwater harvesting pool (Ford Media Center, 2022). Along with the pool, Ford plans to replace the current cooling tower with a rainwater collection system, and with these systems, the plant will be able to use 100% captured water to run its water-based systems. In South Africa at their Silverton Plant, Ford has invested in a wastewater system that can boast 100% reuse of recycled water with a long-term goal of identifying and using alternative non-fresh water sources in the manufacturing process there. In Vietnam, Ford is ahead of the curve by using a membrane bioreactor to treat sewage before releasing it back into the environment. Reuters Retrieved November 13, 2022 https://fortune.com/2016/12/21/ford-gmplants-truck-car-production/

References: File:Ford logo flat.svg. Wikimedia Commons. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ford_logo_flat.svg Ford Media Center. (2022). Building with Purpose: Ford Louisville Assembly Plant Earns EPA Pollution Prevention Award for Water Recycling Initiative. www.media.ford.com https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/202 2/02/17/building-with-purpose--ford-louisville-assembly-plant- earns-epa-.html. Ford Media Center. (2022). Spotlight on Ford's Drive for Zero Water Consumption in Manufacturing for World Water Day | South Africa |. www.media.ford.com https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/img/za/en/news/20 21/03/22/Spotlight-on-Fords-Drive-for-Zero-Water- Consumption-in-Manufacturing-for-World-Water-Day.html. Howell, L. Timberline Labs LLC. (2020). “Ford Motor Company.” Water Action Hub. wateractionhub.org. https://wateractionhub.org/organizations/592/d/ford-motorcompany/#organization_projects. Ha, S.M. (2008). Ford Motor Company: Sustainability - UC San Diego School of Global. ucsd.edu. https://gps.ucsd.edu/_files/faculty/gourevitch/gourevitch_cs_h a.pdf. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency. Case Study: Ford Motor Company/Twin Cities Plant.www.pca.state.mn.us. https://www.pca.state.mn.us/sites/default/files/dfe-emsford.pdf. Reuters. (2021, June 10). Ford is shutting down a Kansas City Plant for a Week. Fortune. Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://fortune.com/2016/12/21/ford-gm-plants-truck-car- production/ Sweet home drinking water quality updates. Sweet Home Oregon. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://www.sweethomeor.gov/executive/page/sweet-home- drinking-water-quality-updates Water filtration plant stock illustrations – 1,339 water filtration plant stock illustrations, Vectors & Clipart. Dreamstime. (n.d.). Retrieved November 13, 2022, from https://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/water-filtration- plant.html PAGE 15 THE CSR REVIEW ARTICLE There are many more of these projects that Ford is working on with a focus on preserving fresh drinkable water. The company realizes the importance of conserving freshwater resources, especially in countries like Vietnam and India where many of the communities surrounding the plants do not have the privilege of clean sources of drinking water. These projects are aimed at reducing the impact that Ford has on the stakeholders that support its business and its goals for the auto industry to become a greener more environmentally friendly industry.