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TEORÍAS DEL APRENDIZAJE Vol. 1 Paradigmas cognitivos 29 de marzo 2023

01

Índice

Teorías del procesamiento de

la información 1.1 Problema 1.2 Fundamento

Epistemológico 1.3 Susténtenos Teóricos 1.4 Proyecciones de uso y

aplicación del paradigma en el

ámbito educativo

02

Aprendizaje significativo 2.1 Problema 2.2 Fundamento

epistemológico 2.3 Susténtenos Teóricos 2.4 Proyecciones de uso y

aplicación del paradigma en el

ámbito educativo

03

Teoría psicogenética 3.1 Problema 3.2 Fundamento Epistemológico 3.3 Susténtenos Teóricos 3.4 Proyecciones de uso y

aplicación del paradigma en el

ámbito educativo

Robert M. Gagné

Robert Gagné. Psicólogo norteamericano, nació en 1916 en Andover del Norte, Massashuseth, Obtuvo su Licenciatura en Psicología en la Universidad de Yale en 1937, y recibió su Doctorado en la Universidad Brown, en 1940. Se destacó como profesor en las Universidades de Princeton, Berkeley, y Florida State. Ha publicó artículos y libros relacionados con el área del aprendizaje.

Gagné fue pionero en la ciencia de la enseñanza durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, trabajando para la fuerza aérea como instructor de pilotos. Entre 1949-1958, Gagné fue director del Laboratorio de Habilidades y Perspectivas de la Fuerza Aérea de ESTADOS UNIDOS. Fue en esta época que pasó a desarrollar una serie de estudios y obras que ayudó a codificar lo que se considera “condiciones del aprendizaje”. También estaba involucrado en la aplicación de conceptos llamados teoría de instrucción en el diseño de la formación basada en computadores y multimedia basado en el aprendizaje.



Teorías del procesamiento de la información

Dicho de otra manera, la

explicación del

comportamiento se debe

a una serie de procesos

internos.

En principio debemos considerar

que todos los teóricos cognitivos

están de acuer­do con el postulado

naturaleza causal de los procesos

de regulación de las conductas

(Pozo 1989 y Rivière 1987). Para ello han propuesto varios

modelos teóricos. Estos modelos

pretenden dar cuenta de cómo se

realiza el procesa­miento de la

información, desde que ésta ingresa

al sistema cognitivo hasta que

finalmente se utiliza para ejecutar

una conducta determinada.

Problemática La anomalía a resolver por parte de este paradigma eran las representaciones mentales. Es decir, ¿Cómo podía Gagné demostrar que en la mente sí ocurren procesos? (Gardner, 1987) Los cognitivistas se esmeran en producir trabajo científico dirigido a describir y explicar la naturaleza de las representaciones mentales. Así, la problemática clave se engloba en 3 preguntas: ¿Cómo las representaciones mentales guían los actos (internos o externos) del sujeto con el medio físico y social? ¿Cómo se elaboran o generan dichas representaciones mentales en el sujeto que conoce? ¿Qué tipo de procesos cognitivos y estructuras mentales intervienen en la elaboración de las representaciones mentales y en la regulación de las conductas?

Analogía de la computadora La respuesta que propone Gagné ante este problema fue la famosa analogía de la computadora. (Hernández Rojas, 2008). "La mente y la computadora se consideran tipos de sis-­ temas de procesamiento de una misma clase que realizan un procesamiento de símbolos en forma propositiva" (Newell y Simón 1975, Newell 1987).

Sustentos teóricos Procesamiento de la información

"Muchos de los trabajos del paradigma se han orientado a describir y explicar los mecanismos de la mente humana, y para ello han propuesto varios modelos teóricos. Estos modelos pretenden dar cuenta de cómo se realiza el procesa­miento de la información, desde que ésta ingresa al sistema cognitivo hasta que finalmente se utiliza para ejecutar una conducta determinada." Hernández Rojas (2008)

TEORIAS DEL APRNDIZAJE

Fundamentos epistemológicos Teorías de la información

En este paradigma el sujeto es un agente activo cu­yas acciones dependen en gran parte de las representaciones o procesos internos que él ha elaborado como producto de las relaciones previas con su entorno físico y social. Esto significa también que el sujeto de conocimiento deja de ser una tabula rasa que acumula por asociación impresiones sensoriales para ir confor­mando sus ideas sobre el mundo.

Según esta concepción, el sujeto posee una organización interna de eventos que va reelabo­rando en función de los intercambios con el exterior, y a partir de esta organización interna (estructuras, esquemas, reglas, etc.) el sujeto interpreta y otorga continuamente nuevos significados a la realidad.

Por consiguiente, a diferencia del enfoque conductista basado en una filoso­ fía que hunde sus raíces en el empirismo, para el cual el sujeto está controlado por las contingencias ambientales, en este paradigma el sujeto es un agente activo cu­yas acciones dependen en gran parte de las representaciones o procesos internos que él ha elaborado como producto de las relaciones previas con su entorno físico y social.

Esto significa también que el sujeto de conocimiento deja de ser una tabula rasa que acumula por asociación impresiones sensoriales para ir confor­mando sus ideas sobre el mundo. Por el contrario, el sujeto organizan tales repre­sentaciones dentro de su sistema cognitivo general (en el sistema de la memoria).

Proyecciones de uso y aplicación. It takes courage to stand up for

This is the magic and power of true,

something you believe in. But it's so

inspired activism. A wave of change

much easier when you stand with

is created when passionate people

others. Take individual steps but act

come together to insist on changing

as one. In taking a stand together, we

the status quo.

can make a real difference.

A Zine for a Cause Your Byline Use this space to introduce your advocacy and share some details.

Go

ahead,

advocacy.

find

your

Choose

something close to your heart - something you believe is worth fighting for,

and

world for.

Make a stand and let your voice be heard.

Let

your

ripple be the start of

a

wave

transformation.

of

changing

the

Your Art Zine

Add a brief synopsis to entice readers to get a copy of your zine!

Created in 2025.

You can also use this space to share a little about yourself. This is both an introduction and an invite, so use this space well.

Don't forget to copyright your content and let readers know where they can find more of your work!

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VI

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CASA TRADICIONAL Área: 220 m2 Locación: Campestre EN VENTA Precio: $200.000 pesos

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Escanea y mira el video de esta propiedad.

Make a stand It takes courage to stand up for something you believe in. But it's so much easier when you stand with others. This is the magic and power of activism. A wave of change is created when passionate people come together to insist on changing the status quo.

So go ahead, find your advocacy. Make a stand and let your voice be heard. Who knows? Maybe there are others like you just waiting for a platform, too. Let your ripple be the start of a wave of transformation.

The pronouns we use are just the start, What we really need is a change of heart. True acceptance is where it begins, Taking people as they are is how love wins!

LGBT Let's Grow Braver Together

THE WORLD NEEDS YOUR PASSION It takes courage to stand up for something you believe in. But it's so much easier when you stand with others. This is the magic and power of activism. A wave of change is created when passionate people come together to insist on changing the status quo. Take individual steps but act as one. In taking a stand together, we can make a real difference.

YOUR BRAVERY

INSPIRES

OTHERS

Go ahead, find your advocacy. Choose something close to your heart - something you believe is worth fighting for, and changing the world for. Make a stand and let your voice be heard. Who knows? Maybe there are others like you just waiting for a platform, too. Let your ripple be the start of a wave of transformation.

A ZINE FOR A CAUSE ADD A BRIEF SYNOPSIS TO

ENTICE READERS TO GET A COPY OF YOUR ZINE!

YOU CAN ALSO USE THIS SPACE TO SHARE A LITTLE ABOUT YOURSELF. THIS IS BOTH AN INTRODUCTION AND AN INVITE, SO USE THIS SPACE WELL.

Created in 2025. Don't forget to copyright your content and let readers know where they can find more of your work!

EXPLORE EVERY CORNER

So go ahead, take that first step. In truth, true journeys never really end.

GO BEYOND YOUR COMFORT ZONE

Exploration is an activity for the body, mind, and spirit. We can only go as far as our feet can take us, as wide as our mind's eye dares to look, and as deep as our hearts can open up to the world. When we travel with a proverbial empty cup, we can drink our fill of the wonders that await us.

I know that I can go to the farthest corners of the earth and discover nothing, just as I can step into a familiar street and witness new sights. I travel first with my mind, and only second with my body.

EVERY VOYAGE STARTS WITH THE SOUL

My destination is not as important as my mindset. Who I am when I travel affects how my journey will unfold, so I take careful steps to ensure an open mind and a free spirit.

LET LADIES LEAD Give ladies a voice and room to dance. The world misses out if women don't get a chance.

YOUR ART ZINE Add a brief synopsis to entice readers to get a copy of your zine!

You can also use this space to share a little about yourself.

Created in 2025

Jean Piaget .

Psicólogo constructivista suizo cuyos pormenorizados estudios sobre el desarrollo intelectual y cognitivo del niño ejercieron una influencia trascendental en la psicología evolutiva y en la pedagogía moderna.

A ZINE FOR A CAUSE Add a brief synopsis to entice readers to get a copy of your zine!

CREATED IN 2025

You can also use this space to share a little about yourself. This is both an introduction and an invite, so use this space well.

Don't forget to copyright your content, and let readers know where they can find more of your work!

A DIVERSITY OF VOICES BRINGS BALANCE When we broaden our perspectives, our world expands. This is why it's high time that we throw any gender bias out the window. We've had enough of limits, it's time to break free.

THE WORLD NEEDS YOUR PASSION

One act, one voice can pave the way, A better tomorrow starts today. Choose a worthy cause and do your part, Your actions inspire a change of heart.

Our smallest acts create a ripple of change. Everything we do is a step towards creating or destroying the future for generations to come.

This is where your voice comes in. Never underestimate what one person can achieve when he or she makes a stand, cries out against injustice, or simply commits to living differently so that others might do the same.

USE YOUR VOICE We can't delay any longer - from here on out, every action must be made with intention. But it's not all dire. There is hope, so much of it. We see it everywhere, in acts both local and global, individual and collective. We're all waking up and realizing we still have agency. It's still within our power to create a future for our children, and their children. Humanity can still embrace its potential to shape a better world - but we all need to pitch in to make it happen. We need to put the collective ahead of the individual if we are to stand a chance.

The voice is powerful. It is a tool for change, but it must be used correctly. Truth, authenticity, and inclusiveness are its powers. Both the message and the medium must allow honest, open, and respectful discourse. There are many causes worth fighting for, and contrary to what most people think, adding your voice to what you believe in does make a difference.

So use it. Don't abuse it. Make yourself heard, but also listen to others. No single person holds all the answers, but no one should be afraid to speak.

03

There's music enough within these pages

But you'll have to look before you listen. I poured my message into this medium, seeking a way to be heard by being read. But really, what I ultimately seek is understanding - a mutual experience through measures of music.

We're not looking to compete - we're here to complete the picture. It's not that we're the fairer sex; we just demand a fairer world.

While the world is noisy and chaotic, in music I find solace. In it, there is rhyme and meter, beauty and order. There is symmetry in song, coherence in beats, and truth in tune. When life breaks me, melody remakes me, and I am whole again.

06

YOUR PHOTO ZINE

Add a brief synopsis to entice readers to get a copy of your zine! You can also use this space to share a little about yourself. This is both an introduction and an invite, so use this space well.

Created in 2025. Don't forget to copyright your content and let readers know where they can find more of your work!

CREATE & WITNESS 06

Frame Game

PHOTOGRAPHY IS A WAY OF SEEING

The lens will be my eyes, moments will be memories, and transience will be conquered, if only for a while.

ITH L W I T G N I

Photography is how I am able to dream awake. The shutter and lens allow me to blink the world into being so that I can filter its immensity into a frame I can understand.

HT

PA

02

The stills I create distill my experiences and still my mind. They are worthy pauses that shape perspectives, restoring focus in a world made blurry by haste and hurry.

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