ST. THOMAS COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION, PALA MATHEMATICS EDUCATION

MATHOPEDIA 2o21-2023

MESSAGE Dr. Sr. Beenamma Mathew Unity is strength…….. When there is team work and collaboration, wonderful things can be achieved. - Mattie J.T. Stepanek I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude for taking the time and effort to produce “ MATHOPEDIA “ . The “ MATHOPEDIA “ provides a space for students to express one’s own talents, views and creativity. The content of this manuscript benefitted not only by students/teachers from mathematics background but also students from other streams. This task is very much helpful to foster social values among students. All article and other items are of good standards. It is really a wonderful contribution to the society. Congratulations!!!!!!

EDITORIAL It is with much pleasure and satisfaction that we present “ MATHOPEDIA”, a humble endeavour of the Mathematics Education batch 2021 – 2023, before you. “ Math is fun “, the statement is not agreed upon by most of the people. While for those who agree, they seem to enjoy Math just like any other language. We believe

Mathematics is way more than its applications, beyond its theory in everything, it’s basically about the joy and fun in doing it. This is where Mathopedia comes in. This magazine is about the wonders and fun in math. We hope it gives a different perspective on Math for the one who peeks in. We do express our sincere words of gratitude to our beloved Dr. Sr. Beenamma Mathew on behalf of students of Mathematics batch for her valuable guidance and motivation without which this book wouldn’t have seen the day. We would also like to extend our sincerest thanks

to Dr. T.C Thankachan, our Principal and the other faculties of our college. We proudly present the Digital Magazine, MATHOPEDIA . RANI BABY NEETHU K.M

EDITORIAL BOARD

HARIPRIYA J

JILU TRESA GEORGE

RANI BABY

NEETHU K M

SHILPA ELIZABETH JOYCHEN

VANDANA V V

SEENU THOMAS

CONTENTS 13. AWM 14. PIZZA 15. The Fibonacci sequence: when maths turns golden 16. Roots clock 17. Riddles

18. Be positive 19. ചിത്രശലഭം 20. Mathematics is everywhere 21. Dancing graphs 22. The history of Rubik's cube 23. ചിത്രത്താളുകൾ

24. Interesting mathematical facts

MATHEMATICS M - MEMORY A - ACCURACY T - TALENT H - HARDWORK E - ENTHUSIASM M - MIND A - ATTENTION T - TACT I - INTREST C - CLEVERNESS S - SINCERILY Vandana V V

EQUATIONS OF MATHEMATICS Vandana V V

THE MAN WHO KNEW INFINITY

This is the story of a mathematical prodigy and his proclivity towards the subject despite having a life of poverty and neglect. His amazing ability to understand messages and meaning lying in numbers and his genius and extraordinary brilliance in number theory and pattern of the number brought the focus of entire world towards India.

The effect that words have on a poet and emotions on a lyricist, was the same that the Principles of Mathematics had on S. Ramanujan. According to him- “Mathematics is not about numbers, equations, computation or algorithms: it is about understanding." Let’s begin the life story of this legendary being. S. Ramanujan was a largely self-taught pure Mathematician hindered by poverty and ill-health. His highly original work has considerably enriched number theory. December 22nd is celebrated as National Mathematics Day as he was born on that day in 1887. He lived a short life of only 32 years as he died on 26 April 1920.

We can’t control everything that happens to us. But we can control how we respond to things that we can’t control. He is recognized as one of the greatest Mathematicians of his time. However, S.Ramanujan had no formal training in Maths. He used to always write on a

slate with chalk and when one of his friends asked him to write on paper. He replied- “When food is the problem, how can I find money for paper? I may require four reams of paper every month.” He was the second Indian to be inducted as a fellow of the royal society, which is a fellowship of some of the world’s most eminent scientist. For him education was not just a preparation of life, education is life itself. It is said that the numbers 1-10,000 were his best “personal friends”. He could effortlessly tell their factors, divisors, how the

number can be split & each part of number can be squared /cubed etc. to produce interesting numbers, and much more. One time, G.H. Hardy (professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University) was paying a visit to Ramanujan, who was ill and undergoing treatment. Hardy mentioned to him that he rode a taxi cab, whose number was 1729.Hardy said to Ramanujan,”the number seems to me rather a dull one”.Ramanujan on this comment replied, "No Sir, this is the smallest number expressible as the sum of two cubes in two different ways1729 = 1^3 + 12^3 = 9^3 + 10^3"

Later, 1729 came to be known as RAMANUJAN NUMBER. He discovered many other interesting facts. viz a viz, a solution of infinite root equations and the sum of positive numbers is a negative number1+ 2+ 3+ 4+ 5+...= -1/12. It was his insight into algebraic formulae, the transformation of infinite series and so forth, that was amazing. In his short lifetime, he prepared almost 4000 proofs, identities, conjectures and equations in pure Mathematics. His theta function lies at the heart of string theory in physics. He used to say- “An equation for me has no meaning unless it represents a thought of GOD” One more interesting thing about Ramanujan is-he discovered so much, and yet he left so much in his garden for other people to discover. ‘’SUCCESS IS NOT JUST A MEASURE OF HOW BIG YOU CAN DREAM. IT IS ALSO A MEASURE OF HOW MUCH YOU CAN DO”

Jilu Tresa George

PUZZLES 1. What number can replace the question mark? 47

55

85

92

73

?

63

99

25

2. Which pins must be knocked over to score exactly 100 points? (Hint: There are three!)

Answer: 13, 39, and 48.

3. Which number should replace the question mark to form accurate equations, knowing that three numbers are shown per row (i.e. two of the numbers form a two-digit number)?

Answer: 6 (3 + 2) x 2 = 10 (1 + 9) x 2 = 20 (0 + 8) x 2 = 16 (7 + 5) x 2 = 24 Vandana V V

VEDIC MATHEMATICS

Vedic Math is a collection of techniques/sutras to solve mathematical problem sets in a fast and easy way .These tricks introduce wonderful applications of Arithmetical computations ,theory of numbers ,mathematical and algebraic operations ,higher-level mathematics ,calculus and coordinate geometry etc.

It is very important to make children learn some of the Vedic maths tricks and concepts at an early stage to build

a strong foundation for the child. It is one of the most refined and efficient mathematical systems possible. Vedic maths was discovered in the mid 1900s and has certain specific principles to perform various calculations in mathematics.

BENIFITS OF VEDIC MATHEMATICS It helps a person to solve mathematical problems many times faster. It helps in making intelligent decisions to both simple and complex problems. It reduce the burden of memorizing difficult concepts . It increases the concentration of a child and his determination to learn and develop his/her skills. It helps in reducing silly mistakes which are often created by kids.

Neethu. K M

Mathematics Tricks Trick 1:multiplying a number by 5 To multiply a number by 5,simply divide the number by 2 and multiply it by 10. For example: multiply 58 by 5 Step 1:divide 58 by 2= 29 Step 2:multiply 29 by 10 = 290 Answer:290 Trick 2:multiplying a double-digit number by 11 Multiplying any double-digit number by 11takes only a moment. All you have to do is add up the two numbers and place the sum in between the two numbers. For example: Multiply 54 by 11 Step 1:add 5 and 4 = 9 Step 2:place 9 in between 5 and 4=594 Answer:594 Trick 3:Squaring a double-digit number ending with 5 Once your kids learn how to square numbers ,you could teach them this tricks to square numbers ending with 5.What you have to do is add 1 to the first digit of the number(being squared ) and multiply the sum to the first digit of the original number (being squared).Your answer will be this answer followed by 25. For example: Square 45 Step 1:Add 1 to 4 = 5 Step 2:Multiply 5 by 4 = 20 Step 3:Place 25 after 20=2025 Answer:2025

Haripriya. J

March 14,2022

National pi day National pi day on march 14th recognizes the mathematical constant . Also known as pi. The first three and most recognized digits are 3.14.

Neethu K M

QUOTES BY MATHEMATICIANS “Mathematics is the queen of science , and arithmetic the queen of mathematics.” Carl Friedrich Gauss

“Logic is the foundation of the certainty of all the knowledge we acquire”. Leonhard Euler

“If I have seen further than others , it is by standing upon the shoulders of giants”. Isaac Newton

“Give me lever long enough and a fulcrum on which to place it , and I shall move the world”. Archimedes

“It is not enough to have a good mind; the main thing is to use it well”. Rene Descartes

“Concern should drive us into action and not into a depression. No man is free who cannot control himself” Pythagoras Haripriya J

GREAT INDIAN MATHEMATICIANS ARYABHATA Aryabhata was the first person to say that the Earth is spherical and it revolves around the sun & stated the correct number of days in a year is 365. He also gave the formula (a + b) 2 = a2 + b2 + 2ab. Further, he worked on the place value system using letters to signify numbers and stating qualities.

BRAHMAGUPTA The introduction of zero (0) to mathematics, which stood for “nothing”, was the biggest contribution of Brahmagupta. He also explained how to find the cube and cube root of an integer and gave rules facilitating the computation of squares and square roots.

SRINIVASA RAMANUJAN Srinivasa Ramanujan was one of India’s greatest mathematical geniuses. He made substantial contributions to the Hardy-Ramanujan Littlewood circle method in number theory and worked on elliptic functions, continued fractions, partial sums, products of hypergeometric series, and infinite series.

P.C. MAHALANOBIS Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis’s most significant contribution in the field of statistics was the Mahalanobis Distance. Besides these, he had also made pioneering studies in the field of anthropometry and had founded the Indian Statistical Institute. He also contributed to the design of large-scale sample surveys in India.

C.R. RAO Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao, popularly known as C R Rao is a well-known statistician, famous for his “theory of estimation”. His contributions to statistical theory and applications are well known, and many of his results, which bear his name, are included in the curriculum of courses in statistics at bachelor’s and master’s levels all over the world.

D.R. KAPREKAR Dattaraya Ramchandra Kaprekar was an Indian recreational mathematician who described several classes of natural numbers including the Kaprekar, Harshad and self-numbers and discovered the Kaprekar constant, named after him. Without any formal mathematical education, he published extensively and was very well known in the recreational mathematics circle.

BHASKARA Bhaskara, an Indian astronomer, and mathematician helped to disseminate the mathematical work of Aryabhata. He was the one who declared that any number divided by zero is infinity and that the sum of any number and infinity is also infinity. He is also famous for his book “Siddhanta Siromani”.

NARENDRA KARMARKAR Karmarkar’s algorithm is an algorithm introduced by Narendra Karmarkar in 1984 for solving linear programming problems. He is also listed as an ISI highly cited researcher.

SATYENDRA NATH BOSE Known for his collaboration with Albert Einstein, Satyendra Nath Bose established modern theoretical physics in India. Bose made significant advances in statistical mechanics and quantum statistics, the description of all forces by single field theory, x-ray diffraction, and the interaction of electromagnetic waves with the ionosphere.

Shilpa Elizabeth Joychan

AWARDS IN MATHEMATICS Vandana V V

FIELDS MEDAL The Fields Medal is a prize awarded to two, three, or four mathematicians under 40 years of age at the international congress of the International mathematical Union (IMU), a meeting that takes place every four years. The Fields Medal is regarded as one of the highest honors a mathematician can receive, and has been described as the Nobel Prize of Mathematics although there are several differences, including frequency of award, number of awards, and age limits.

CLAY RESEARCH AWARD The Clay Research Award is an annual award given by the Oxford-based Clay Mathematics Institute to mathematicians to recognize their achievement in mathematical research.

ABEL PRIZE The Abel Prize is a prize awarded annually by the King of Norway to one or more outstanding mathematicians. It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel (1802–1829) and directly modeled after the Nobel Prizes. It comes with a monetary award of 7.5 million Norwegian kroner (NOK) (increased from 6 million NOK in 2019). The Abel Prize's history dates back to 1899, when its establishment was proposed by the Norwegian mathematician Sophus Lie when he learned that Alfred Nobel's plans for annual prizes would not include a prize in mathematics. In 1902, King Oscar II of Sweden and Norway indicated his willingness to finance a mathematics prize to complement the Nobel Prizes, but the establishment of the prize was prevented by the dissolution of the union between Norway and Sweden in 1905. It took almost a century before the prize was finally established by the Government of Norway in 2001, and it was specifically intended "to give the mathematicians their own equivalent of a Nobel Prize.“ The laureates are selected by the Abel Committee, the members of which are appointed by the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters. The award ceremony takes place in the Aula of the University of Oslo, where the Nobel Peace Prize was awarded between 1947 and 1989.

COLE PRIZE The Frank Nelson Cole Prize, or Cole Prize for short, is one of two prizes awarded to mathematicians by the American Mathematical Society, one for an outstanding contribution to algebra, and the other for an outstanding contribution to number theory. The prize is named after Frank Nelson Cole who served the Society for 25 years. The Cole Prize in algebra was funded by Cole himself, from funds given to him as a retirement gift; the prize fund was later augmented by his son, leading to the double award. To be eligible for the Cole prize, the author must be a member of the American Mathematical Society or the paper should appear in a recognized North American journal.

SASTRA RAMANUJAN AWARD The SASTRA Ramanujan Prize, founded by Shanmuga Arts, Science, Technology & Research Academy (SASTRA) located near Kumbakonam, India, Srinivasa Ramanujan's hometown, is awarded every year to a young mathematician judged to have done outstanding work in Ramanujan's fields of interest. The age limit for the prize has been set at 32 (the age at which Ramanujan died), and the current award is $10,000.

MATHEMATICS IN DAILY LIFE Mathematics is in every aspect of our lives; from a mother-child relationship to a person’s every needs. The emotional distance between a mother-child can be minimised, i.e. there exists a Delta > 0 for which we have Epsilon > 0. A mother always tends to a child, who is a limit to her. Every person has infinite desires to fulfill despite knowing the fact that infinity is not a real number. Human beings generally behave like a modulus function as they react positively or negatively according to the circumstances or people around them; whenever a person is looking forward to a positive outcome from a situation he takes the positive values otherwise he chooses to remain indifferent by taking the negative values. Friends are like limitless functions separately but together they become a constant function. College students resemble 'unlike terms' of algebra, that is, until the lunch break. The Cafeteria then becomes their limit point of enjoyment as there exists a lot of points in that interval of time. A group of friends is like an integral domain because of the absence of zero divisors which implies there exists two friends such that (1st friend x 2nd friend) = 0 as

their love for each other makes them an identity together. Teachers are synonymous with integration as they increase the capabilities of a constant student with their knowledge and magnify a student’s capabilities. The most important lesson Mathematics teaches us is the will to never give up as every problem has a solution Jilu Tresa George

Mathematics Symbols ₋ + ÷ × ± = ≠     ≥ ≤    

Minus Plus Divided by Multiple by Plus or minus Equal to Not equal to Similar to Congruent to Less than Greater than Greater than or equal to Less than or equal to Infinity Equalent to Implies Theta

   ∏ ∫   ! √     [] () 

Empty set Delta For all Pi Integration Union Intersection Factorial Square root of Exists Therefore Perpendicular Percentage Closed bracket Open bracket Braces ( grouping ) Vandana V V

AWM(ASSOCIATION FOR WOMEN IN MATHEMATICS)

Since its founding in 1971 by a small but passionate group of women mathematicians, the Association for

Women in Mathematics (AWM) has grown into the leading national society for women in the mathematical sciences, and is one of the 16 societies comprising the Conference Board of the Mathematical Sciences. AWM’s programs not only support those who participate in them directly, but also help influence the

mathematics culture more generally, so that young women entering the field today encounter an environment that is more nurturing than that of the 1970s and 1980s. AWM has played a critical role in increasing the presence and visibility of women in the mathematical sciences.

The purpose of the Association for Women in Mathematics is to create a community in which women and girls can thrive

in their mathematical endeavors, and to promote equitable opportunity and treatment of women and others of marginalized genders and gender identities across the mathematical sciences. It is the policy of the Association for Women in Mathematics (AWM) that all participants in AWM activities will enjoy a welcoming, inclusive environment that is free

from all forms of discrimination, harassment, and retaliation. As a professional organization, the AWM is committed to fostering an atmosphere that encourages the free expression and exchange of scientific ideas. In pursuit of that ideal, the AWM is committed to the promotion of equality of opportunity and treatment for all AWM members and participants in

AWM-sponsored events, regardless of gender, gender identity or expression, race, color, national or ethnic origin, religion or religious belief, age, marital status, sexual orientation, immigration status, disabilities, veteran status, or any other reason not related to scientific merit.

Jilu Tresa George

If you have a pizza with radius Z and thickness A,its volume would be =Pi*Z*Z*A

Seenu Thomas

THE FIBONACCI SEQUENCE: WHEN MATHS TURNS GOLDEN Learn how to see, and realize that everything connects to everything else: Leonardo Da Vinci Fibonacci Sequence has captivated Mathematicians, artists, designers, and scientists for centuries. Wondering what’s so special about it? Let us begin with the history. The original problem that Leonardo Fibonacci investigated (in the year 1202) was about how fast rabbits could breed in ideal circumstances. Suppose a newly-born pair of rabbits, one male, and one female are put in a field. Rabbits are able to mate at the age of one month so that at the end of its second month, a female can produce another pair of rabbits. Suppose that our rabbits never die and that the female always produces one new pair (one male, one female) every month from the second month on. The puzzle that Fibonacci posed was... How many pairs will there be in one year? Think! No? Let me help you. At the end of the first month, they mate, but there is still one only 1 pair. At the end of the second month, the female produces a new pair, so now there are 2 pairs of rabbits in the field. At the end of the third month, the original female produces a second pair, making 3 pairs in all in the field. At the end of the fourth month, the original female has produced yet another new pair, the female born two months ago produces her first pair also, making 5 pairs. Can you see the pattern here? 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34…… The solution, generation by generation, was a sequence of numbers later known as Fibonacci numbers. Fibonacci Sequence is a set of numbers that start with a one, followed by a one, and proceeds based on the rule that each number is equal to the sum of the preceding two numbers. The Fibonacci numbers can be thought of as Nature’s numbering system. They appear everywhere in Nature, from the leaf arrangement in plants to the pattern of the florets of a flower, the bracts of a pinecone, or the scales of a pineapple. The Fibonacci numbers are therefore applicable to the growth of every living thing, including a single cell, a grain of wheat, a hive of bees, and even all of mankind. In the seeming randomness of the natural world, we can find many instances of a Mathematical order involving the Fibonacci numbers themselves and the closely related “Golden” elements.

Let’s add one more interesting thing here:

If we take the ratio of two successive numbers in Fibonacci’s series, (1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ..) and we divide each by the number before it, we will find the following series of numbers: 1/1 = 1, 2/1 = 2, 3/2 = 1·5, 5/3 = 1·666..., 8/5 = 1·6, 13/8 = 1·625, 21/13 = 1·61538... The ratio seems to be settling down to a particular value, which we call the ‘golden ratio’ or ‘the golden number’. It has a value of approximately 1·618034 and we denote it by “Phi”. Now, let’s get acquainted with some of the endless examples that make Fibonacci a wonder or ‘Golden’ sequence. Flower petals: The number of petals in a flower consistently follows the Fibonacci sequence. Famous examples include the lily, which has three petals, buttercups, which have five, the chicory’s 21, the daisy’s 34, and so on. Each petal is placed at 0.618034 per turn (out of a 360° circle) allowing for the best possible exposure to sunlight and other factors. Seed heads: The head of a flower is also subject to Fibonaccian processes. Typically, seeds are produced at the centre and then migrate towards the outside to fill all the space. Sunflowers provide a great example of these spiraling patterns.

Likewise, similar spiralling patterns can be found on fruits and vegetables like pineapples and cauliflower. Snail shells follow the Fibonacci

pattern, as does the cochlea of the inner ear. It can also be seen in the horns of certain goats and the shape of certain spider's webs.

Not surprisingly, spiral galaxies also follow the familiar Fibonacci pattern. Faces, both human and nonhuman, abound with examples of the Golden Ratio. The mouth and nose are each positioned at golden sections of the distance between the eyes and the bottom of the chin for a supposedly perfect face.

The, Fibonacci of fun thus continues forever and ever. Fascinating, isn't it ?

Rani Baby

Rani Baby

ROOTS CLOCK √144 √121

√1

√4 √100

√81

√9

4

√64

√16 √49

√25

√36 Neethu K M

RIDDLES 1. Add the number to the number itself and then multiply by 4. Again divide the number by 8 and you will get the same number once more. Which is that number?

Answer: Any number

2. X is an odd number. Take an alphabet away from X and it becomes even. Which is that number?

Answer: Seven (Seven-S=Even)

3. Tom was asked to paint the number of plates on 100 apartments which means he will have to paint numbers 1 through 100. Can you figure out the number of times he will have to paint the number 8?

Answer: 20 times. (8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58, 68, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 98)

4. If you buy a rooster for the purpose of laying eggs and you expect to get three eggs each day for breakfast, how many eggs will you have after three weeks?

Answer: Zero, roosters do not lay eggs

5. I am a three-digit number. My second digit is 4 times bigger than the third digit. My first digit is 3 less than my second digit. Who am I?

Answer: 141

Vandana V V

BE POSTIVE

Rani Baby

Shilpa Elizabeth Joychen

Mathematics is Everywhere Mathematics has been around us from the beginning of the time and it enters in our lives as soon as we enter in this world, for instance, we get our date of birth first and also get a mandatory Aadhaar Card with a number having a dozen digits. Since our birth, we have lived surrounded by numbers and wherever there are numbers, there is Mathematics and numbers are everywhere, Mathematics is also everywhere. To support it let's recall Galileo Galilei's quote that “Mathematics is the language in which God has written the universe. "The planets go around the sun in a precise orbit and sun goes around the universe in a precise orbit. Days becomes nights and nights becomes days in a precise order of time.

Coming to specially abled, did you ever think about how we communicate with our deaf friends, yes with the orientation of fingers which is not possible without the help of Mathematics. Therefore Mathematics plays a vital role in communication for deaf people as their language. Also if you notice, an ordinary person walks keeping the Cartesian Coordinate into the mind as he can see and knows the exact location but on the other side a specially-abled who cannot see walks keeping Polar Coordinate into the mind where he always keeps direction and distance in his mind at every step with his hand stick.

It is Mathematics, only which gives sense of comparing or sense to distinguish and it is not only in human being but it can be noticed even among animals, for example suppose, if a cat has 3 kittens and if one of them is missing, then do not you think the mother will start searching for the child? Does it mean the mother knows counting? No of course not but certainly she has the sense to distinguish. Animals also have the sense of distance and numbers. Similarly, if you ever closely look at a sequence of ants, they walk in perfect harmony with equidistant. So if animals were to have any language then it would be Mathematics only!

In this digital era, internet banking is becoming more and more common. The mobile apps quickly analyze our aadhaar number and bank statement. Therefore, reducing time and effort and delivering public service quickly. We all have mobile and every day we love to take pictures but do you know your picture is nothing but your homomorphic image. GPS has become very important in our lives as it tells us routes with the exact location which is just possible due to the geometry of relativity with help of satellites. We easily get to know about weather report of the world at home through TV with the use of level curves.

Mathematics helps a lot in policy formulation. The government collects data about its citizens and statisticians analyze it to formulate the right policy. Right calculation can lead to positive results like job creation and growth rate in our GDP but a wrong calculation can result in negative. Similarly, a good knowledge of prime numbers can equip a Mathematician for hacking. So Mathematics is like a double-edged sword. It can cut both ways. Therefore we need "Well Defined" Mathematicians in policymaking team everywhere.

Have you ever imagined that what would be life like without Mathematics? It is going to be impossible and unimaginable, in fact without it life is not going to be systematic and it is going to be full of chaos. So it makes our life easier by preventing chaos. Mathematics in life is as important as music to songs or internet facility to digital India. It is needed at every step of life and without it, we cannot move even an inch be it be knowing that how many alphabets are there in the word "Mathematics" itself. Everyone needs Mathematics in their day to day life. Mathematics may not teach us how to add love or minus hate; but it gives us every reason to hope that every problem has a solution.

Rani Baby

DANCING GRAPHS

Haripriya J

THE HISTORY OF RUBIK’S CUBE The Rubik’s cube,the colorful brain teaser is one of the best selling toys of all flame.The toy was invented in 1974 by a professor from Hungary Erno Rubik. He made this cube as a solution for helping his students understand problems related to three-dimensions.Rubik

wanted to make a cube of blocks which could move around each other in three dimensions.His first attempt using rubber band and paper clips frequently fell apart.Rubik made the first working prototype of the cube in 1974. He cut the corners off,to make it less bulky.He added different color stickers to the 54 square and began to play.It took him one whole month before he could finally get it back to a solved state.Rubik built his cube for his architecture and interior design students at the academy of Applied Arts and Crafts.They loved it and Rubik soon realized he could market it and sell it as a toy.

Rubik applied for his Hungarian patent in January 1975 and left his invention with a small toy making cooperative in Budapest.The patent approval finally come in early 1977 and the first cube appeared at the end of 1977.The first toy was sold in Hungarian toy store in 1977 ,but in 1979 Rubik had signed a deal with an international toy company ‘Ideal Toys’ to market the toy around the globe.

The original ‘Rubik’s cube only adopted that name in 1980.Prior to that it was called the ‘Magic cube’.The trade mark is still registered in a large

number of countries including Japan Austria,Germany,Denmark,Sweden ,France,Canada,Portugal,Italy and USA.International competitions are held every year in different countries to find the individuals who can solve the Rubik’s cube in the shortest possible time.Solving the cube in shortest time is usually called speed cubing.

On June 5, 1982, the first world championship was held in Budapest, Hungary. 19 people competed in the event and the American Minh Thai won with a single solve time of 22.95 seconds and was considered as the First World Record of the Rubik's Cube The current record held for the fastest solve of the Rubik's Cube is currently 3.47 seconds by Yusheng Du, who beat the record of Feliks Zemdegs by 0.75 seconds. A robot, however, has solved the Rubik's Cube this year in an incredible 0.38 seconds!!.

Seenu Thomas

ചിത്രത്താളുകൾ

INTERESTING MATHEMATICAL FACTS

★

Among all shapes with same perimeter a circle has the largest area.

★

Zero is the only number which cannot be represented by Roman numerals.

★

18 is the only number that is twice the sum of its digits.

★

Abacus is considered as the origin of calculators.

★

An icosagon is a is a polygon with 20 sides.

★

In a group of 23 people, at least 2 have the same birthday.

★

Among all shapes with the same area a circle has the shortest perimeter.

Seenu Thomas

2021-2023 BATCH