ANIEL, ANGELINE ISABEL B. GRADE 11 - ST. JOHN THE XXIII T AND MINERALS TYYPPES OF ROCKS ES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS GEORGIUS AGRICOLA " F A T H ER O F MI N ER A L O GY" T O DESCR I BE T H E P H YS IC A L P R O PER T IES O F R O CKS A N D MI N ER A L S A N D T O REL A TE T H EM T O T H EI R P O TE N T I A L USES .

S A N D S T O N E WHAT EXACTLY IS A SANDSTONE? Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. It may contain a matrix of silt- or clay-size particles that occupy the spaces between the sand grains. It is composed of sand-size grains rock fragment, mineral and organic material. Sandstones are economically important as major reservoirs for both petroleum and water, as building materials, and as valuable sources of metallic ores. Most significantly, they are the single most useful sedimentary rock type for deciphering Earth history. Layers of sandstone below Earth's surface can serve as aquifers for groundwater or as a reservoir for oil and natural gas. It forms when grains of sand are compacted together over very long periods of time. Normally this sand has an abundance of quartz but can also contain other minerals and materials. Sandstone comes in a variety of colors including red, yellow, gray, and brown. Sandstone was a popular building material from ancient times. It is relatively soft, making it easy to carve. It has been widely used around the world in constructing temples, homes, and other buildings. It has also been used for artistic purposes to create ornamental fountains and statues. Some sandstones are resistant to weathering, yet are easy to work.

Limestone is used extensively in road and building construction, and is a material found in aggregate, cement, building stones, chalk, and crushed stone. Lower-grade limestones, particularly ones with some clay content, can be used in the production of cement for use in the building and construction industry. sedimentary rock composed mainly of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), usually in the form of calcite or aragonite. Most limestones have a granular texture. Their constituent grains range in size from 0.001 mm (0.00004 inch) to visible particles.Limestone is usually gray, but it may also be white, yellow or brown. It is a soft rock and is easily scratched. Did you know?... Example use of Limestone ---------------------------- L I M E S T O N E - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --------------------------- Limestone has long fascinated earth scientists because of its rich fossil content. Much knowledge of the Earth's chronology and development has been derived from studying fossils embedded in limestones. Limestones enriched in phosphate by the chemical action of ocean waters are a principal source of raw materials for the fertilizer industry. Certain varieties of limestone also serve as a building stone; they are widely used for flooring, exterior facings, and monuments. Not only are they used in many building materials such as cement, road ballast, or for sculptures, but also they have become a common additive to many more obscure or unexpected products. Adding limestone helps to stabilize soil acidity while increasing essential mineral content, including calcium and magnesium.

Most marble is made into crushed stone or dimension stone. Crushed stone is used as an aggregate in highways, railroad beds, building foundations, and other types of construction. Marble can be economically mined on a large scale, with some mines producing millions of tons per year.Dimension stone is produced by sawing marble into pieces of specific dimensions. These are used in monuments, buildings, sculptures, paving and other projects. est. 1815 Example use of Marble MARBLE MARBLE MARBLE MARBLE Marble has a hardness of three on the Mohs hardness scale, which means it is easy to carve. The low hardness and solubility of marble allows it to be used as a calcium additive in animal feeds. It is also used as an abrasive for scrubbing bathroom and kitchen fixtures. When it is formed from a limestone with very few impurities, it will be white in color. Marble that contains impurities such as clay minerals, iron oxides, or bituminous material can be bluish, gray, pink, yellow, or black in colour. Marble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals, such as clay minerals, micas, quartz, pyrite, iron oxides, and graphite. It is used for its beauty in architecture and sculpture. It is an abundant, low-cost commodity in crushed stone prepared for construction projects.Marble is environmental-friendly since it is a natural stone, this benefits the environment in many ways. As it is in the natural form, marble doesn't require any power or energy to be produced and therefore, doesn't cause any pollution and saves energy.

Q U A R T Z From Jewelry making and gemstones, for its ability to luster, to brick making in the refractory industry for its physical strength and to watches and clocks for its piezoelectric property, quartz find uses in a wide range of industries. Quartz varieties include a number of transparent or translucent stones which are fashioned from simple crystals. Rock crystal is white, citrine yellow, amethyst purple and rose quartz is pink. Brown or green transparent varieties are also available. One variety, ametrine, is part purple and part yellow. Example Uses of Quartz C O L O R S Quartz is the second most abundant mineral in Earth's crust after feldspar. Sandstone, composed mainly of quartz, is an important building stone. Silica glass(also called fused quartz) is used in optics to transmit ultraviolet light. Quartz fibres are employed in extremely sensitive weighing devices. A quartz plate can be used as a pressure gauge, as in depth-sounding apparatus. It is not a metamorphic rock. Quartz can actually form as an igneous rock and as a sedimentary rock. As an igneous rock, quartz crystallizes as the magma cools. As a sedimentary rock, it is a special kind called a chemical sedimentary rock. Did you know that the particles of dust you see floating in the air and settling on tables contain quartz? This mineral has a hardness of 7 to 7.5 on the Mohs scale. That means the quartz in dust makes those particles hard enough to actually remove the finish from your car and the polish from your table.

1880's TALC EXAMPLE USES OF TALC JUST A TRIVIA! Talc may be used in products to absorb moisture, prevent caking, improve consistency, or to make a product opaque. Talc is an ingredient used in personal care products such as loose powders . As a powder, it absorbs moisture well and helps cut down on friction, making it useful for keeping skin dry and helping to prevent rashes. It is widely used in cosmetic products such as baby powder and adult body and facial powders, as well as in a number of other consumer products. 1896 IT IS KNOW FOR... Talc is a metamorphic rock that most frequently forms at convergent boundaries between two tectonic plates. It is a rock known as steatite or soapstone, which is composed of varying proportions of the mineral talc, often combined with other minerals such as chlorite and carbonate. Talc is an industrial raw material in powder form, which is used in a wide range of applications. Talc is a cosmetic powder. Talc is a silicate mineral that is distinguished from almost all other minerals by its extreme softness (it has the lowest rating [1] on the Mohs scale of hardness).Talc is easily distinguishable by its extreme softness, color is white, colorless, pale to dark green, or yellowish to brown. Talc is used commercially because it can retain fragrance, lustre, purity, softness and whiteness. Some of the major markets for talc are ceramics, pain paper and plastics. Ground talc is used in roofing and cosmetics. Talc is a highly stable, chemically inert, odorless white powder. It is the world's softest mineral. The grade of talc used in cosmetics is of high purity, comparable to that used for pharmaceutical applications, and is free from asbestos and asbestiform fibers.

ROCKS AND MINERALS CAN BE SEEN EVERYWHERE. EITHER OUTSIDE AND EVEN INSIDE OUR HOME. WE JUST DIDN'T KNOW THAT SOME OF THE THINGS INSIDE OUR HOUSE ARE MADE UP OF SOME OF THESE TYPES OF ROCKS AND MINERALS. IT HAS BEEN PART OF OUR LIVES SINCE THE BEGINNING.THEY HELP US TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND ARE USED IN OUR EVERYDAY LIVES. THEY ARE NOT JUST SIMPLY ROCKS BUT ALSO HAS THEIR OWN PROPERTIES AND USES IN DEVELOPING A PRODUCT.