g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)^*

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{n

k|sfzs g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ g]kfn 6]lnkmf]g M %%%%@^#, %%%%@^$ km\ofS; M %%%%!** E-mail: [email protected] URL: www.nepalicongress.org

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL @)^* -g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] @)^* >fj0f @) ut] a;]sf] a}7såf/f g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -@)%!, @)%$, @)%&, @)^@, @)^$ / @)^^ df ;+zf]wg / kl/dfh{g u/L ldnfOPsf] ¿kdfsf] wf/f $& cg';f/ kfl/t_

k|yd ;+:s/0f M @)^* d+l;/ ;jf{lwsf/ M g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf ;'/lIft d'b|0f M ejfgL lk|G6;{, rfjlxn, sf7df8f}+ .

ljifo ;"rL k|:tfjgf ===÷! kl/R5]b ! M ;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/De÷kl/efiff===÷! kl/R5]b @ M ;b:otf ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷@ kl/R5]b # M kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf ljefu ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷!! kl/R5]b $ M s]Gb|Lo gLlt tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷#$ kl/R5]b % M sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷#^ kl/R5]b ^ M eft[ ;+:yf tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yf;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷$@ kl/R5]b & M s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷$$ kl/R5]b * M cfrf/ ;+lxtf===÷$% kl/R5]b ( M cg';f;g ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷$( kl/R5]b !) M sfof{no ;DaGwL Joj:yf===÷%$ kl/R5]b !! M ljljw===÷%^ cg';"rL ! M ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu lgj]bg kq / ;fwf/0f ;b:otfsf] k|df0f kq===÷^) cg';"rL @ M ;fwf/0f ;b:osf], gfdfjnL btf{ lstfa===÷^! cg';"rL # M s[oflzn ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu cfj]bg kq===÷^@ cg';"rL # s M s[oflzn ;b:otf gljs/0fsf nflu cfj]bg kq===÷^& cg';"rL $ M lqmoflzn ;b:otfsf] k|df0f kq===÷^( cg';"rL % M lqmoflzn ;b:osf] gfdfjnL btf{ lstfa===÷&! cg';"rL ^ M 7fpF ;f/L lgj]bg===÷&@ cg';"rL & M 7fpF ;/]sf] hgfpm===÷&# cg';"rL * M ljleGg lgsfosf] 5fksf] gd"gf===÷&$ cg';"rL ( M ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{ 9fFrf===÷

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7saf6 >fj0f @), @)^* df kfl/t

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)^* k|:tfjgfM g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{ tyf kf6L{sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ cg'zfl;t, Jojl:yt / lgoldt ¿kdf ;+rfng u/L kf6L{sf] ;+u7gdf ultzLntf Nofpg g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] ljwfgdf ;do–;dodf ;+zf]wg eO{ cfPsfn] kf6L{sf] ljwfg ;+zf]wgåf/f yk ePsf ljifox¿sf ;DaGwdf ;d]t kf6L{sf] lgodfjnLdf ;dfj]z ug{ jf~5gLo ePsfn] g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] ljwfgsf] wf/f $& n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)^* agfO{ hf/L u/]sf] 5 .

kl/R5]b–! !=

;+lIfKt gfd / k|f/DeM -!_ of] lgodfjnLsf] gfd æg]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)^*Æ /xg]5 . -@_ of] lgodfjnL t'¿Gt k|f/De x'g]5 .

@=

kl/efiffM ljifo jf k|;ª\un] csf]{ cy{ gnfu]df— -s_ æljwfgÆ eGgfn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -;+zf]lwt / kl/dflh{t ;lxt_ nfO{ a'emfpg]5 . -v_ æk|df0fkqÆ eGgfn] lgod #-#_ / lgod %-$_ cg';f/ k|bfg ul/g] k|df0fkqnfO{ hgfpg]5 . ;f] zAbn] e|ft[;+:yfnfO{ kf6L{åf/f lbOg] dfGotfkq ;d]tnfO{ a'emfpg]5 . -u_ æclwsf/LÆ eGgfn] kf6L{åf/f lglZrt sfo{sf] lhDdf lbOPsf] kbflwsf/L jf lgsfo jf JolQmnfO{ a'emfpg]5 . -3_ ækl/kqÆ eGgfn] s]Gb|sf tkm{af6 hf/L ul/Psf] lnlvt lgb]{zgnfO{ a'emfpg]5 . -ª_ æ;dfj]zLÆ eGgfn] ;a} hft, hflt, j0f{, lnË, If]qsf] k|ltlglwTjnfO{ hgfpg]5 . –1–

-r_ -5_

æcflbjf;L hghfltÆ eGgfn] k|rlnt g]kfn sfg'g adf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf hfthfltx¿nfO{ hgfpg] 5 . æcNk;+VosÆ eGgfn] d'n'sdf ! nfv eGbf sd hg;+Vof /x]sf hfthfltx¿nfO{ hgfpg]5 .

kl/R5]b–@ ;b:otf ;DaGwL Joj:yf #=

;fwf/0f ;b:otf lng] tyf gjLs/0f ug]{ k|lqmofM -!_ ljwfgsf] wf/f $ sf] pkwf/f -!_ cg';f/sf] of]Uotf / cfwf/ k'u]sf s'g} klg g]kfnL gful/sn] kf6L{sf] ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltdf ¿= !)÷– -bz_ lt/L ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lng d~h"/ u/L lgj]bg u/]df To:tf JolQmnfO{ ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lbg ;Sg]5 . -@_ kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;g dfgL kf6L{sf] p2]Zo / cfbz{df cf:yf /fvL /fhg}lts / ;fdflhs If]qdf sfd u/]sf t/ lqmofzLn ;b:o x'g kfpg] of]Uotf k'lug;s]sf ;fwf/0f ;b:on] k|To]s cjlwsf nflu ¿= !)÷– -bz_ z'Ns a'emfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{5 / ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ul/lbg'kg]{5 . -#_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lng] / pklgod -@_ cg';f/ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug]{ JolQmnfO{ cg';"rL–! sf] 9fFrfdf k|df0fkq lbOg]5 . -$_ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|bfg u/]sf] jf gjLs/0f u/]sf] lg:;f :j¿k lbOg] cg';"rL–! cg';f/sf] k|df0fkqdf ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] tf]s]sf] clwsf/Lsf] x:tfIf/ x'g]5 . -%_ pklgod -$_ df h];'s} Joxf]/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg of] lgodfjnL nfu" ePkl5 ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt g/x]sf] cj:yf ePdf If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / If]qLo sfo{;ldlt klg gePsf] cj:yfdf lhNnf sfo{;ldlt tyf To:tf ;ldltx¿ klg –2–

gePsf] cj:yfdf s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd ug'{kg]{5 . -^_ lgjf{rg ;DaGwL ck/fwdf k|rlnt sfg"g adf]lhd s}bsf] ;hfoF kfO{ jf g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf s}bsf] ;hfoF x'g] ck/fw u/] afkt bf]ifL 7xl/O{ b'O{ jif{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L s}bsf] ;hfoF kfO{ ;f] ;hfoF ef]uL ;s]sf] ldltn] @ jif{ e'Qmfg gePsf] JolQmnfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lbOg] 5}g . -&_ ;fwf/0f ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq x/fPdf jf gi6 ePdf ¿= !)÷– -bz_ z'Ns lnO{ æk|ltlnlkÆ eGg] zAb n]vL ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] k'gM k|ltlnlk /;Lb lbg]5 . o;/L k|ltlnlk lbOPsf] Joxf]/f ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf hgfO{ /fVg'kg]{5 . $=

;fwf/0f ;b:osf] btf{ lstfaM -!_ ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] btf{ lstfa ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltdf /flvg]5 . -@_ ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] btf{ lstfadf ;b:otf k|df0fkqdf pNn]v ePsf] JolQmut ljj/0f cg';"rL–@ df lbOPsf] 9fFrfdf /flvg]5 . -#_ ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] cfˆgf If]qsf ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] cBfjlws gfdfjnL If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -$_ lgjf{rg If]q leqsf] ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] gfdfjnLsf] PsLs[t clen]v If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf /fvL To;sf] k|ltlnlk lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -%_ lhNnfleqsf ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] PsLs[t gfdfjnLsf] clen]v lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf /flvg] 5 .

%=

lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg] tyf gjLs/0f ug]{ / btf{ lstfaM -!_ lqmofzLn ;b:o x'g ljwfgsf] wf/f $ sf] pkwf/f -@_ / -^_ cg';f/ of]Uotf k'u]sf ;fwf/0f ;b:on] ;DalGwt ufpF sfo{;ldlt jf gu/ sfo{;ldlt -gu/ Ps} ;+;bLo lgjf{rg If]qdf k/]sf]df_ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt -gu/sf j8fx¿ 5'§f5'§} ;+;bLo lgjf{rg If]qx¿df k/]sfdf_ dfkm{t If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ rfxg] JolQmn] z'Ns –3–

¿= @)).– ;lxt lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu cg'';"rL–# df pNn]lvt 9fFrfsf] @ k|lt kmf/d e/L k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -@_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltaf6 /Ltk"j{s l;kmfl/; eO{ cfPsf lqmofzLn ;b:osf] cfj]bgkqdf lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] cg'df]bg ul/ To:tf cfj]bgkqnfO{ cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . -#_ s]Gb|af6 pklgod -!_ cg';f/sf] cfj]bgkq :jLs[t ePkl5 Ps k|lt s]Gb|df / ! -Ps_ k|lt lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf clen]v /fVgsf nflu k7fOg]5 . pQm clen]v lhNnfn] ;DalGwt If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{ 5 . -$_ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ ;b:onfO{ cg';"rL–$ adf]lhd lqmofzLn ;b:osf] k|df0fkq lbOg]5 . -%_ lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq x/fPsf] jf gi6 ePsf] sf/0f b]vfO{ lgj]bg ug{ cfPdf ¿= !))÷– -Ps ;o_ z'Ns lnO{ s]Gb|n] k|df0fkqdf æk|ltlnlkÆ eGg] zAb n]vL k|df0fkq pknAw u/fpg]5 . -^_ lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu cg';"rL–# -s_ adf]lhd cfPsf cfj]bgkqx¿df ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] k|:tfj u/L If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] lawfgsf] Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{5 . -&_ ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldltn] ljwfgsf] wf/f $ pkwf/f -%_ adf]lhd lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] nflu s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . -*_ ljb]zl:yt g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt dfkm{t lqmofzLn ;b:otf lng] JolQmn] ljwfgsf] wf/f $ pkwf/f -%_ df tf]lsP adf]lhdsf] z'Ns a'emfpg'kg]{5 . -(_ ljb]zL hg;Dks{ ;ldltn] ;lqmo ;b:otf gjLs/0f ubf{ b'O{ jif{df wf/f $ pkwf/f -%_ df tf]lsPsf] /sdsf] cfwf /sd a'emfO{ ;lqmo ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{5 . -!)_ s'g} lqmofzLn ;b:on] s]Gb|n] tf]lsPsf] cjlwdf gjLs/0fsfnflu cfj]bgkq a'emfpg cfˆgf] sfa' –4–

aflx/sf] kl/l:ylt k/L g;s]sfn] cfj]bgkq eg{ kfpF egL tf]lsPsf] Dofb kl5 pklgod -&_ adf]lhd dfu u/]df @% -klRr;_ k|ltzt yk b:t'/ lnO{ gjLs/0f ug]{5 . pQm gljs/0f ufpF, gu/ j8f sfo{ ;ldltn] k|:tfj ul/ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] lzkmfl/;df lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] ljwfgsf] Joj:yfsf] clwgdf /xL lhNnf ;efkltn] gljs/0f ug'{ kg]{5 . -!!_ lgnDagdf k/]sf] s'g} lqmofzLn ;b:on] ;f]xL sf/0faf6 lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ gkfPsf]df lgnDagsf] cjlw ;dfKt ePkl5 jf lglZrt cjlwsf nflu ul/Psf] lgnDag To:tf] cjlw k"/f x'g k"j{ g} km's'jf ePsf] eP k|df0f ;lxt ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu cfj]bgkq lbPdf o;} lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf adf]lhd To:tf lqmofzLn ;b:osf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ul/g]5 . -!@_ lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿sf] cg';"rL–% adf]lhdsf] btf{ lstfa If]qLo tyf lhNnf sfo{;ldlt / s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;d]tdf /flvg]5 . ^=

lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg ug]{ tyf gjLs/0f ug]{M -!_ kf6L{sf] ljwfgsf] kl/lwleq /xL lqmofzLn ;b:otf hlxn];'s} klg k|bfg ug{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ kf6L{sf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf JolQmn] lawfgn] tf]s] adf]lhd hlxn];'s} klg lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ kf6L{sf] ;DalGwt lgsfon] klg lgod -!_ / -@_ adf]lhd lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ lgj]bg lbg] jf gjLs/0fsf] nflu lgj]bg lbg] JolQmnfO{ hlxn];'s} klg lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg ug{ ;S5 .

&=

lqmofzLn ;b:otf 5fgljg ;ldltM -!_ ljwfgsf] wf/f $ cg';f/ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ug]{ k|f/lDes sfo{df lqmofzLn ;b:otf kfpg] xsaf6 al~rt ul/of] eGg] sf/0f / cfwf/ vf]nL s'g} ;fwf/0f ;b:on] ¿= !)÷– -bz_ ;lxt ph'/L ug{ cfPdf To:tf ph'/L dfly 5fgljg ;lxt pko'Qm lgb]{zg lbg k|To]s –5–

lgjf{rg If]qdf pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] Pp6f ælqmofzLn ;b:otf 5fgljg ;ldltÆsf] u7g ul/g]5 . -@_ s'g}klg JolQmn] o; ljwfg cg';f/ lqmofzLn ;b:otf pklgod -$_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltdf ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ s'g} ;b:osf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f gug]{ l;kmfl/; ePdf ;f] pk/ klg To:tf] ;b:on] pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf 5fgljg ;ldlt ;dIf ph'/L lbg ;Sg]5 . -$_ lqmofzLn ;b:otf 5fgljg ;ldltsf] u7g b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5— -s_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] ;efklt – ;+of]hs -v_ ;f] If]qsf] JolQm s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] ;b:o eP – ;b:o -u_ kf6L{sf ;f+;b jf kl5Nnf] cfd lgjf{rgdf k|ltlglw ;efsf nflu ;f] If]qdf kf6L{sf tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/ ePsf] JolQm – ;b:o -3_ ;DalGwt If]qsf dxf;ldlt ;b:o – ;b:o -%_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhdsf] ;ldltn] cfkm"dWo]af6 Pp6f ;lrj 5fGg]5 . -^_ lqmofzLn ;b:otf 5fgljg ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ljlw cfkm} to ug]{5 . -&_ pklgod -$_ adf]lhd ul7t ;ldltn] pklgod -!_, -@_ / -#_ cg';f/ kg{ cfPsf] ph'/Ldfly 5fgljg u/L ph'/jfnfnfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg'kg]{ jf lghsf] ;b:otf gjLs/0f ul/lbg'kg]{ 7x/]df ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltnfO{ k|:tfj ug{ / If]qLo sfo{;ldltnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ lgb]{zg lbg]5 . –6–

-*_ pklgod -&_ cg';f/sf] lgb]{zg kfngf ug'{ ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt / If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . *=

clen]v cBfjlws /fVg'kg]{M -!_ s'g} klg JolQmn] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf cfˆgf] ;fwf/0f tyf lqmofzLn ;b:otf :yfgfGt/0f ug{ rfx]df ;fljssf] ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltdf 7fpF ;f/L u/L kfpF egL cg';"rL–^ adf]lhsf] 9fFrfdf lgj]bg lbg'kg]{5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ lgj]bg kg{ cfPdf ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] To:tf JolQmsf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L ;DalGwt JolQm dfkm{t :yfgfGt/0f u/]sf] lhNnf tyf If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt ;d]tdf cg';"rL–& cg';f/sf] hgfp k7fpg'kg]{5 . hgfp k|fKt ug]{ ;DaGwLt ;a} lgsfon] cfkm\gf] clen]v cBfjlws u/L /fVg'kg]{5 . ;fy} lgj]bg k/]sf] lgsfon] ;DaGwLt JolQmnfO{ :yfgfGt/0f ePsf] hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{5 . -#_ s'g} ;b:osf] d[To' ePdf jf kf6L{ ;b:oaf6 lgisflzt ePdf jf kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/]df To:tf JolQmsf] gfd ;DalGwt btf{ lstfadf s}lkmot hgfO{ s§f ug'{, u/fpg'kg]{5 . To:tf] Joxf]/f ;b:otf btf{ lstfasf] /]s8{df hgfpg' kb{5 . -$_ kf6L{ kl/Tofusf] jf d[To' ePsf] sf/0faf6 s'g} ;b:osf] gfd s§f ug'{ / u/fpg'kg]{ k|d'v lhDd]jf/L ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltsf] x'g]5 . -%_ kf6L{ ;b:otfaf6 lgisflzt ul/Psf] sf/0f s'g} ;b:osf] gfd ;DalGwt btf{ lstfaaf6 s}lkmot hgfO{ s§f ug]{ jf u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L ;DalGwt lgsfosf] x'g]5 . -^_ cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sf/jfxLdf k/L lgnDagdf /x]sf] jf ;fDk|bflos ;b\efjdf cfFr k'Ug] sfd u/]sf] jf kf6L{sf] lx;fa lstfa df;L vfPsf] jf gi6 u/]sf] egL ;hfoF kfPsf s'g} klg JolQmnfO{ lgnlDatsf xsdf lgnDag km's'jf geP;Dd jf ;hfoF kfPsf] ldltn] tLg jif{;Dd ;b:otf lbg / To:tf s'g} ;b:osf] ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu l;kmfl/; ;d]t ul/g] 5}g . –7–

-&_ o; lgodfjnLdf ePsf] Joj:yf cg';f/ cBfjlws clen]v /fVg] / /fVg nufpg] d'Vo bfloTj ;DalGwt ;a} lgsfosf] x'g]5 . -*_ clen]v cBfjlws agfpg] sfo{df k|To]s lgsfosf ;DalGwt ;a} ;b:on] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kg]{5 . -(_ kf6L{sf ;fwf/0f ;b:o, lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿sf] gfdfjnL lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltn] cBfjlws ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;fwf/0f ;b:o / lqmofzLn ;b:osf] clen]v /fVbf lghx¿n] kf6L{nfO{ k'¥ofPsf of]ubfgsf] ljj/0f klg pNn]v ul/g]5 . -!)_ kf6L{sf ;fwf/0f ;b:o / lqmofzLn ;b:on] k'¥ofPsf] ljlzi6 of]ubfgsf] ljj/0f lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] k|To]s jif{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . (=

dtbfg ug{ / pDd]bjf/ x'g gkfpg]M -!_ dxflwj]zgsf] ldlt eGbf ! jif{ klxn] lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt gu/]sf jf gjLs/0f gu/]sf JolQmn] kf6L{ lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ / pDd]bjf/ x'g kfpg] 5}gg\ . To:tf ;b:osf] gfd dtbftf gfdfjnLdf ;dfj]z gx'g] u/L lgjf{rg ;ldltn] cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . t/ kf6L{sf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg / gjLs/0f hlxn];'s} ug{ o; lgodn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . -@_ k|To]s cjlwsf nflu clu|d ¿kdf e'QmfgL x'g] u/L lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu ¿= !))÷– -Ps ;o_ nfUg] 5 . -#_ k|To]s cjlwsf nflu tf]lsPsf] gjLs/0f z'Nssf] @% -klRr;_ k|ltzt z'Ns -klRr; ¿k}ofF_ a'emfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|To]s jif{ gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{5 . t/ s'g} lqmofzLn ;b:on] clu|d ¿kdf lqmofzLn ;b:otf z'Ns a'emfpg o; lgodn] afwf k'¥ofPsf] dflgg] 5}g . tf]lsPsf] ;dodf lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f gug]{ ;b:on] k|To]s jif{sf] ¿= @%÷– -klRr; ¿k}ofF_ yk b:t'/ lt/]df lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ kfpg] 5g\ . t/ Ps dxflwj]zgsf] cjlw gfF3]sf JolQmsf] xsdf s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] yk z'Ns ;d]t nfUg]5 . –8–

!)=

b:t'/ tyf z'Ns / To;sf] afF8kmfF8 ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:otfsf] k|df0f–k'l:tsf -/l;b Kof8_ s]Gb|n] lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] lhDdfdf lbg]5 . lhNnfn] s]Gb|af6 ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|df0f–k'l:tsf -/l;b Kof8_ dfu ubf{ cfkm'n] dfu]sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|df0f–k'l:tsf /l;b Kof8sf] hDdf ;+Vofsf] x'g cfpg] hDdf /sdsf] !) -bz_ k|ltzt /sd clu|d ¿kdf a'emfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|df0f– k'l:tsf -/l;b Kof8_ k|fKt ug{] 5g\ . -@_ ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf z'Ns jf ;fwf/0f ;b:otf gjLs/0f z'Ns, pklgod # adf]lhd k|fKt x'g] /sd tyf kf6L{n] tf]s]sf] cGo /sd dWo] ^) -;f7L_ k|ltzt cfˆgf] ;ldltdf cfDbfgL afFwL afFsL $) -rfln;_ k|ltzt /sddWo] !% -kGw|_ k|ltzt /sd If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . afFsL @% -klRr;_ k|ltzt /sd lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg' kg]{5 . lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] cfkm'nfO{ k|fKt ePsf] @% -klRr;_ k|ltztsf] /sddWo] !) -bz_ k|ltzt /sd s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . afFsL !% k|ltzt /sd lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf cfDbfgL afFWg' kg]{5 . t/ s]Gb|nfO{ clu|d ¿kdf lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] !) k|ltzt /sd a'emfPsf] cj:yfdf ;f] !) k|ltzt a/fa/sf] /sd s§f u/L afFsL /sddfq s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . -#_ g]kfnL sf+u|];df k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:on] cfˆgf] ;DalGwt OsfO{ ;ldltdf dfl;s !) -bz_ ¿k}ofF a'emfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] dfl;s /sd aflif{s ¿kdf Psd'i6 a'emfpg klg ;lsg]5 . -$_ pklgod -#_ df tf]lsPsf] dfl;s z'Ns tyf lgod !! adf]lhd cfk'mn] k|fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds jf eQf afktsf] a'emfpg' kg]{ /sd o; lgodfjnLdf tf]lsP adf]lhd a'emfO{ ;lqmo ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug'{kg]{ 5 . To:tf] /sd ga'emfPsf] kfOPdf / To:tf] JolQmsf] ;lqmo ;b:otf gjLs/0f u/fPsf] eP kf6L{ tyf lgjf{rg ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug{ tyf pDd]bjf/ x'g glbg] u/L cfjZos Joj:yf ug'{kg]{5 . -%_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} elgPsf] ePtfklg lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0faf6 k|fKt x'g] z'Ns lhNnf –9–

sfo{;ldltn] a'emL $) k|ltzt s]Gb|df, @) k|ltzt ;DalGwt If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf, @) k|ltzt ;DalGwt ufpF jf gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltdf k7fO{ afFsL @) k|ltzt /sd lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf cfDbfgL af+Wg' kg]{5 . !!= kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 nfesf] kbdf /x]sf JolQmx¿ k|fKt /sdsf] afF8kmfF8M -!_ ;fj{hlgs nfesf] kbdf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 lgjf{lrt ePsf jf dgf]gog ePsf jf lgo'Qm ePsf k|To]s JolQmn] k|fKt ug]{ kfl/>lds tyf eQfsf] !% k|ltzt /sd kf6L{nfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{5 . pNn]lvt Joj:Yff e|ft[;+:yf tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿sf] xsdf ;d]t nfu' x'g]5 . ;f] /sdsf] afF8kmfF8 b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M– -s_ ;f+;b jf dGqLn] ljwfg adf]lhd a'emfpg' kg]{ ;xof]u /sd ;+;bLo bndf a'emfpg kg]{5 . ;+;bLo bnn] o; lgod adf]lhd k|fKt /sd dWo] ^% -k};7L_ k|ltzt s]Gb|df, !) -bz_ k|ltzt ;DalGwt lhNnf sfo{;ldlt / % k|ltzt If]qLo ;ldltdf k7fpg'kg]{ 5 . afFsL @) -aL;_ k|ltzt /sd ;+;bLo bndf cfDbfgL afFWg'kg]{5 . -v_ lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf ;efklt / pk;efklt / ;b:on] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf a'emfpg'kg]{5 . -u_ ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIf, pkfWoIf / ;b:on] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd ufpF sfo{;ldltdf a'emfpg' kg]{5 . -3_ gu/kflnsfsf k|d'v, pkk|d'v / ;b:on] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd gu/ sfo{;ldltdf a'emfpg'kg]{5 . -ª_ lhNnf:t/Lo /fhgLlts lgo'lQm kfPsf JolQmx¿n] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd ;DalGwt lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf / s]Gb|:t/Lo /fhgLlts lgo'lQm kfPsf JolQmx¿n] a'emfpg'kg]{ /sd s]Gb|df a'emfpg' kg]{5 . – 10 –

-@_ eft[ ;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:on] k|fKt u/]sf] kfl/>lds tyf eQf /sdsf] !% k|ltzt /sd ;DalGwt eft[ ;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfdf a'emfpg'kg]{5 . eft[;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfn] cfkm'n] k|fKt u/]sf] /sdsf] ^) -;f7L_ k|ltzt /sd kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf a'emfpg'kg]{5 . $) -rfln;_ k|ltzt /sd cfkm\gf] ;+:yfdf cfDbfgL afFWg' kg]{5 . t/ dGqL jf ;f+;bsf] x}l;otn] /sd k|fKt u/]sf] cj:yfdf ;+;bLo bndf dfq a'emfP x'g]5 . -#_ kf6L{ Pj+ e|ft[;+:yf / z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:on] kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ;ldltn] ;do ;dodf lgwf{/0f u/]sf] cGo ;xof]u z'Ns ;d]t a'emfpg' kg]{5 . To:tf] /sd gj'emfpg] eft[ ;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:osf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f x'g] 5}g . s'g} sf/0faf6 ;lqmo ;b:otf gjLs/0f ePsf] ePklg To:tf JolQmn] kf6L{sf] s'g}klg txsf] lgjf{rgdf pDd]b\jf/ x'g / dtbfg ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -$_ cGo z'Ns / ;xof]u /flzsf] afF8kmfF8 s]Gb|n] u/]sf] kl/kq cg';f/ ug'{kg]{5 . -%_ o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;xof]u z'Ns a'emfpg] ;b:o, ;+:yf jf JolQmsf] clen]v kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, lhNnf / If]qLo sfof{nodf /flvg]5 .

kl/R5]b–# kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'lQm tyf laefu ;DaGwL Joj:Yff !@=

s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/Lsf] lgo'QmL !_ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] lgjf{lrt ;b:ox¿ dWo]jf6 Ps pk;efklt, Ps dxfdGqL tyf Ps ;xdxfdGqLsf] gfd s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 . @_ pkbkmf -!_ jdf]lhd s]Gb|Lo ;efklt4f/f k|:tfljt gfd lgjf{lrt s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldlt4f/f cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . – 11 –

!#=

s]Gb|Lo ljefux¿sf] u7g !_ s]Gb|Lo ljefusf k|d'vx¿sf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 ug]{5 . @_ s]Gb|Lo ljefudf a9Ldf @) hgf ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 ug]{5 .

!$= sfo{;Dkfbg ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿sf] rog s]Gb|Lo sfo{;Dkfbg ;ldltdf s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] a9Ldf afO; hgf ;b:osf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . !%= ;+;bLo ;ldltsf nflu ;b:ox¿sf] rog ;+;bLo ;ldltdf s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 a9Ldf cf7 hgf ;b:osf nflu s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . !^=

s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltsf] u7g s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltsf nflu Ps hgf ;+of]hs / rf/ hgf ;b:ox¿sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 .

!&=

s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldlt tyf n]vf kl/If0f ;ldltsf] u7g !_ s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltsf nflu Ps ;+of]hs / b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . – 12 –

@_

s]Gb|Lo n]vf kl/If0f ;ldltsf nflu Ps hgf ;+of]hs / b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿sf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 .

!*=

sf]if lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;ldlt -!_ s]Gb| tyf lhNnfdf sf]iffWoIfsf] ;+of]hsTjdf sf]if lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 . -@_ sf]if lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ ;DalGwt txsf] ;efkltn] dgf]gog ug]{5 . -#_ ;ldltn] sfo{ of]hgf agfO{ sf]if lgdf{0f ug]{5 tyf ;+rfng ug]{5 . -$_ ;ldltn] cfˆgf] sfo{ ljj/0f jif{df slDtdf Ps k6s ;DalGwt txsf] sfo{;ldltdf k]z u/L cg'df]bg u/fpg' kg]{5 . -%_ o:t} u/L If]q, ufpF, gu/, j8f, dtbfg s]Gb| ;ldltx¿df sf]if lgdf{0f tyf ;+rfng ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;lsg]5 .

!(=

ljefux¿ M g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] sfo{;~rfng ug{sf nflu s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] dftxtdf b]xfosf ljefux¿ /xg]5g\ . -!_ ;ª\u7g ljefuM -s_ lhNnf sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{;ldlt dfkm{t If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] lqmofzLntf / lqmofsnfk af/] lgoldt cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug{ . -v_ kf6L{sf ;a} lgsfox¿sf] cg'udg ug]{, kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0fsf nflu ljljw ljifodf kf6L{sf ljleGg lgsfox¿af6 k|fKt ;'emfjx¿nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL kf6L{sf ljleGg tx dfkm{t sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] . -u_ ;+u7g ljefun] ;a} If]qdf ;+u7gsf] lj:tf/ ug{ lqmofzLn /xg]5 . – 13 –

-3_

-@_

-#_

-$_

-%_

cGo ljefux¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L kf6L{sf] ;+u7g lj:tf/df lqmofzLn /xg] . cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw ljefuM -s_ kf6L{sf] cGt/f{li6«o ;Dks{ / ;DaGwnfO{ x]g]{ / tT;DaGwdf cWoog / cg';Gwfg ug{] . -v_ kf6L{sf] cGt/f{li6«o gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . -u_ s'6lglts If]q;uF kf6L{sf] ;DaGw ;'b[9 / ;'dw'/ agfpg] tkm{ lqmofzLn /xg] 5 . ;+;bLo ljefuM -s_ ;+;bLo bnnfO{ Aoj:yLt ug]{ Pj+ lqmofzLn agfO /fVg] . -v_ ;+;b leqsf ultljlw ;Djwdf ;+;lbo bn sfo{ ;ldlt, ;+;bLo bn Pj+ bn dfkm{t hg;dIf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug]{ . :yfgLo lgsfo ljefuM -s_ :yfgLo lgsfo ;DaGwL sfd x]g]{ . -v_ /fli6«o :t/sf ljsf; sfo{qmd, lhNnf ljsf;, gu/kflnsf, ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{sf] cg'udg ug]{, To;sf] ;ldIff ul/ s]lGb|o sfo{ ;ldltnfO hfgsf/L lbg] . k|rf/ ljefuM -s_ g]kfn k|]; o'lgognfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ k|rf/–k|;f/sf] sfd ug]{, ;"rgf ;+sng ug]{, kf6L{sf] d'vkq Pj+ kf6L{ ;flxTosf] k|sfzg / k|rf/–k|;f/ ug]{ . -u_ kf6L{ k':tsfnosf] ;~rfng ug]{, kf6L{sf tkm{af6 ;fj{hlgs u/fpg'kg]{ ljifosf] ;"rgf k|jflxt ug]{ tyf kf6L{dfly nufOPsf cf/f]kx¿sf] ;DaGwdf k|i6 kfg]{ / v08g cflb ug]{ . – 14 –

-3_

-^_

-&_

k|rf/ ;fdfu|LnfO{ k|To]s lhNnf, If]qLo ;ldlt Pj+ ufFp OsfO gu/ j8f ;ldlt;Dd k|rf/ ;fdfu|L k'/fO To;sf] /sd ;d]t a}+s dfkm{t k|rf/ ;ldltsf] vftfdf /fvL ;+rfng ug]{ u/fpg] . dlxnf ljefuM -s_ g]kfn dlxnf ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ b]ze/sf dlxnfx¿sf] ;ª\u7g, ;zStLs/0f / ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfo{of]hgf agfpg] . -u_ g]kfn dlxnf ;+3nfO{ e|ft[;+:yfsf ¿kdf ;an / ;Ifd ;+u7g agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . -3_ dlxnf lxtsf ljifodf ul7t ljleGg z'e]R5's / ;xof]uL, ;/sf/L tyf u}/ ;/sf/L dlxnf ;DjGwL ;+:yfx¿;Fu cfjZos ;Dks{ / ;dGjo u/L ljleGg sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] . -ª_ dlxnf ;DaGwL /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o rf;f]sf ljifodf kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx lbg] . ljBfyL{ ljefuM -s_ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v ljBfyL{sf] xs, lxtsf] ;+/If0fsf nflu kf6L{n] lnOg] gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -u_ ljBfyL{ ;+3;Fu kf6L{sf] nf]slk|otfsf nflu sfo{ ug]{, u/fpg] . -3_ g]kfn ljBfyL{ ;+3nfO{ Pp6f /fli6«o:t/sf] ljBfyL{ ;+3sf] ¿kdf lqmofzLn u/fpg] sfo{x¿ ug]{ Pj+ g]kfn ljwfyL{ ;+3n] ljwfyL{ xs lxt ;DjGwL sfo{df ;+u7g r':t b'¿:t /fVg g;s] s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltdf To;sf] hfgsf/L u/fpg] . – 15 –

-ª_

-*_

-(_

ljBfyL{sf] z}lIfs sfo{qmd tyf cltl/Qm s[ofsnfksf] ;x'nLotsf nflu ;/sf/nfO ;r]t u/fO /fVg] Pj+ kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;'emfj lbg] . t¿0f ljefuM -s_ g]kfn t¿0f bnnfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v o'jfx¿nfO{ kf6L{sf] ;+u7gdf kl/rfng ug{ cfjZos sfo[x¿ ug]{, u/fpg] . -u_ cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf o'jfx¿sf] ljifodf ePsf ljsf;sf] af/]df cWoog u/L g]kfndf To:tf sfo{qmd nfu' ug{ kf6L{nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg] . -3_ o'jf / /f]huf/sf ljifodf kf6L{n] lng'kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f u/L s]Gb|Lo sld6Ldf k]z ug]{ . -ª_ o'jf ;+u7gsf] lj:tf/ ;a} If]qdf k'¥ofpg t¿0f bnnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfO{ t¿0f ;+u7gsf] lj:tf/ / ug]{ . -r_ kf6L{sf] ;+u7gsf] sfo{df o'jfx¿sf] :yfg / kl/rfngsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x¿ u/L kf6L{nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg] . -5_ cfjZostf cg';f/ kf6L{ ;+u7gsf] /Iffy{ t¿0f hdftnfO{ lqmofzLn u/fpg] tkm{ pGd'v ug]{ . k]zfut tyf a'l4hLjL ljefuM -s_ k|hftGqjfbL k|fWofks ;+3, g]kfn 8]df]qm\ofl6S; no;{ P;f]l;o;g, g]kfn k|hftGqjfbL O{lGhlgo;{ P;f]l;P;g, k|hftGqjfbL lrlsT;s ;+3 nufotsf ;+:yfnfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ af}l4s, ;[hgzLn Pj+ Jofj;flos If]qdf sfo{/t ljleGg efiff–efifL Pj+ ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt / lj1fg;Fu ;DalGwt ;+3–;+:yf / JolQmx¿sf aLr ;dGjo sfod ug]{ . – 16 –

-u_

;+3–;+:yfaf6 ;DalGwt If]qsf] ;'emfa / k/fdz{ lng] tyf cfjZos sfo{of]hgf tof/ u/L kf6L{af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] . -3_ b]z e/L /x]sf k]zfut tyf af}l4s ;d'bfo ;uF ;DjlGwt ;3+ ;+:yf tyf AoQmL x¿sf] clen]v /fVg] . -!)_ ;f+:s[lts ljefuM -s_ g]kfn ;+f:s[lts ;+3nfO{ k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ g]kfnsf] ;+:s[lt / k/Dk/fsf] ;+/If0fdf kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -u_ b]z e/sf ;a} lhNnf ;f+:s[lts ;+3x¿nfO{ kf6L{sf] ;+u7g kl/rfng ug{ kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u ug{ pTk|]l/t ug]{ . -3_ ;+f:s[lts / k/Dk/fsf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L kf6L{nfO{ To:tf cWoog k|ltj]bg lbg] . -ª_ kf6L{sf] sfo{qmdx¿df ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmd Aoj:yfkg tyf ;~rfng ug]{ u/fpg] tyf nf]stflGqs hfu/0f cleofg kl/rfng ug]{ . -!!_ lzIff ljefuM -s_ kf6L{;Fu ;Da4 lzIff If]qsf ;+3÷;+:yfx¿nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ b]zsf] z}lIfs l:ylt / lzIff gLlt tyf ;d:ofsf] ;du| cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -u_ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffdf ;a}sf] ;xh kx'Fr nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ cfjZos sfo{of]hgf th'{df ug]{ . -3_ ljZj ahf/df k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] lzIff k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug{ / tbc'g'¿ksf z}lIfs ;+:yfsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] . – 17 –

-ª_

k|fljlws tyf Joj;flos lzIffdf hf]8 lbO{ k|fljlws lzIff ;DaGwL gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;'emfj lbg] . -r_ lzIffdf lghL If]qsf] nufgL / ;a}sf nfuL lzIffsf lardf ;Gt'ng sfod ug]{ ;DaGwdf gLltut ;'emfj lbg] . -5_ d'n'se/ ;~rflnt ljBfno, dxfljBfno tyf ljZjljBfnox¿ / gofF :yflkt x'g] lzIffnox¿ ;DalGw lng' kg]{ gLltsf af/]df cfjZos cWoog u/L /fo ;'emfj k]z ug]{ . -h_ g]kfnfnfO{ cGt/f{li6«o z}lIfs s]Gb|sf] ¿kdf :yflkt u/fpFb} nUg cfjZos gLlt tof/ ug{ kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . -em_ afnaflnsfnfO{ lzIffdf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL lbg] u/L kf6L{nfO{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ k]z ug]{ . -0f_ gLlh If]qaf6 ;+rflnt lzIff;+u ;+aGwLt ;+:yf x¿n] ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/] gu/]sf] / u'0ffTds ;]jf k|bfg u/] gu/]sf] Plsg ug]{ / pQm ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog kIf / sfo{ of]hgf nfO Aojl:yt ug{ cfjZos sbd rfNg] . -!@_ :jf:Yo ljefuM -s_ kf6L{;Fu ;Dj4 :jf:Yo If]qsf ;+3÷;+:yfx¿nfO{ lqmofzLn agfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ :jf:Yo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt z}lIfs ;d:ofx¿sf] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -u_ :jf:Yo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt kf6L{ gLltdf ;do ;fk]If kl/dfh{g ug{ ;'emfj k]z ug]{ . -3_ ljZjhut;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] :jf:Yo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;sf nflu of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] / tbcg'¿ksf :jf:Yo ;+:yfsf] ljsf;df hf]8 lbg] . – 18 –

-ª_

-!#_

;Dk"0f{ gful/sx¿nfO{ :jf:Yo ;]jf ;j{;'ne ¿kdf pknAw ug{ u/fpg cfJZos kxn ug]{ . -r_ gLlh tyf ;fj{hlgs If]qaf6 ;~rflnt :jf:Yo ;+:yfx¿sf] cfjZos cg'udg u/L :jf:Yo ;]jf ;'ne tl/sfn] pknAw u/fpg cfjZos kxn ug]{ . -5_ afnaflnsfnfO{ :jf:Yodf ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] k|Tofe"tL lbg] u/L kf6L{nfO{ sfo{of]hgf agfO{ k]z ug]{ . -h_ gLlh If]qaf6 ;+rflnt :jf:Yo;+u ;+aGwLt ;+:yf x¿n] ;/sf/sf] gLlt lgod cg';f/ ;Demf}tf u/] gu/]sf] / u'0ffTds ;]jf k|bfg u/] gu/]sf] Plsg ug]{ / pQm ;Demf}tfsf] sfof{Gjog kIf / sfo{ of]hgf nfO Aojl:yt ug{ cfjZos sbd rfNg] . u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ ;fdflhs ;]jf ljefuM -s_ kf6L{;Fu ;Dj4 u}/ ;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ dxf;+3x¿nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ u}/;/sf/L Pj+ ;fdflhs ;+:yf / ;fdflhs If]q;Fu ;DalGwt sfdsf] ;DaGwdf gLlt lgdf{0fsf nflu ;/sf/L gLltsf] ;d]t cWoog u/L ;'emfj k]z ug]{ . -u_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ hgtfx¿sf] lxtdf kl/rfng ug{ cfjZos sfo{ of]hgfx¿ th'{df ug]{ . -3_ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿af6 cfof]hgf ul/g] sfo{qmdx¿df kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj u/fpg cfjZos kxn ug]{ tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ ;/sf/L ljsf; of]hgfx¿df sfo{qmd bf]xf]l/g glbgsf nfuL /]vb]v ug]{ . -ª_ ;fdflhs If]qsf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf uf]i7L ;]ldgf/ cflbsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ . – 19 –

-r_



gful/sx¿sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iff ;DaGwL /fHosf gLltx¿sf] cWoog ug]{, ;do ;fk]If ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfj lbg] . -5_ /fHodf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿sf] pkl:ylt / e"ldsfsf af/]df cfjZos k/fdz{ u/L kf6L{]nfO{ cfjZos ;'emfj lbg] . -h_ u}/;/sf/L÷cGt/f{li6«o u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf nflu b]z lelqg] j}b]lzs ;xof]unfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ Pj+ hgzlQmsf] ljsf;df nufpg cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ / a}b]lzs ;xof]usf] PsLs[t sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;xof]u /sdsf] ;b'kof]u u/fpg cfjZos sfo{qmd agfO kf6L{sf] gLlt th'{dfdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -em_ ;/sf/ tyf bft[ lgsfo aLrsf] ;xsfo{ ;DaGwL gLlt / sfo{of]hgf agfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . -!$_ cg';Gwfg tyf clen]v ljefuM -s_ b]zsf] ;d;flods /fhgLlt / /fli6«o– cGt/f{li6«o ¿kdf kf6L{n] ljleGg If]qdf lng'kg]{ gLltsf] lgdf{0f tyf clVtof/ eO /x]sf gLlt dfly k'glj{rf/ / kl/jt{g ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf b]lvPdf ;f] ;DaGwdf ;d]t cg';GwfgfTds sfo{ ug]{ Pj+ ;f] sfo{sf] lgisif{ pknAw u/fO{ To;sf] cg'udgdf ;xof]u ug]{, u/fpg] . v_ kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ sfd, sfjf{xLx¿sf] :ki6 ¿kdf clen]v /fVg] . u_ kf6L{sf ;Dk"0f{ ;fwf/0f ;b:ox¿, lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿, eft[ ;+u7gx¿sf ;b:ox¿ / z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿sf ;b:ox¿n]] kf6L{df k'¥ofPsf] of]ubfgsf] clen]v /fVg] . 3_ d'n'ssf] ;du| lxtsf nflu kf6L{n] lng' kg]{ /0fgLltsf ljifodf cfjZos cg';Gwfg u/L kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt ;dIf l;kmfl/; ug]{ . – 20 –

ª_



kf6L{sf] p2]Zo / ljsf;sf ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug]{, u/fpg] . -!%_ pBf]u Jofkf/ ljefu -s_ pBf]u tyf Jofkf/ Joj;fosf If]qdf ljBdfg ;d:ofx¿ / ;dfwfgsf pkfosf af/]df cWoog u/L ;'emfj k]z ug]{ . -v_ d'n'ssf] cfBf]lus / Jofkfl/s Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L cfBf]lus / Jofkfl/s ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ kxn ug]{ . -u_ j}b]lzs nufgLsf] nflu cfjZos jftfj/0f tof/ ug{ kf6L{nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] . -3_ ko{6g Joj;fo / pBf]usf ;DaGwdf cfjZos gLlt lgdf{0f / ;'emfj lbg] . -!^_ oftfoft tyf Joj;fo ljefuM -s_ d'n'se/ ;xh lsl;dn] offtfoftsf ;fwgx¿ k'¥ofpgsf nflu ug'{kg]{ sfo{sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ . -v_ oftfoft dhb'/nfO{ kf6L{sf] kIfdf ;+ul7t / lqmofzLn jgfpg] . -u_ oftfoft Joj;foL / oftfoft dhb'/x¿aLr cfO{ kg]{ ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg / ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ . -!&_ s[ifL tyf ;xsf/L ljefuM -s_ g]kfn ls;fg ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ s[ifLsf] cfw'lglss/0f ug]{, s[ifL hGo pBf]unfO{ k|f]T;flxt ug]{, s[ifLnfO{ Joj;flos/0f ug]{, s[ifssf] lxtsf nflu vfb, dn, ljp ;d]tsf] ;'ne Joj:yfsf] nflu k|oTgzLn /xg] . -u_ b]zdf /x]sf ;xsf/L ;+:yf / ltgsf ultljlwsf ljj/0f ;+sng u/L ltgLx¿sf] k|efjsf/L ;~rfng ;DaGwL of]hgf tof/ u/L k]z ug]{ . – 21 –

-3_

kf6L{sf] ;xsf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf af/]df lj1x¿åf/f uf]i7L / 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf u/L hfgsf/L u/fpg] . -ª_ ;xsf/Lsf] ljsf;nfO{ ;+/If0f / k|j4{g u/L cfly{s, ;fdflhs kl/jt{gsf] cleofgnfO{ 7f]; ;xof]u k'¥ofpg of]hgf agfO{ kf6L{df k]z ug]{ . -r_ :yfgLo tx b]lv kf6L{ k+lQmnfO{ ;xsf/L cleofgdf ;+nUg Pj+ ;lqmo agfpg tflnd tyf k|lzIf0fsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ / ;xsf/L ;DalGw k|sfzg tyf k|rf/ ug]{ . -!*_ ;+j}wflgs tyf sfg"g ljefuM -s_ /fli6«o / cGt{/fli6«o dxTjsf sfg"gL ljifo tyf ;GwL;Demf}tf ;DalGwt If]qsf lj1x¿;Fu k/fdz{ Pj+ 5nkmn u/L k|fKt lgisif{x¿ k]z ug]{ . -v_ b]zsf] ;+ljwfg, P]g sfg"g / lgodx¿sf] cWoog u/L ltgLx¿sf] sfof{Gjogsf] l:ylt tyf ;'wf/ Pj+ kl/dfh{gsf ;DaGwdf ;'emfj lbg] . -u_ ;d;fdlos /fhg}lts tyf cGo ljifox¿df kf6L{nfO{ sfg"gL ;Nnfx k|bfg ug]{ . -3_ kf6L{;Fu ;DalGwt d'2f dfldnfx¿sf] ;Gbe{df cfjZos ;xof]u ug]{ . -!(_ cflbjf;L tyf hghftL ljefuM -s_ g]kfn cflbjf;L hghftL ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ cflbjf;L tyf hghftLsf ;DaGwdf cWoog, cg';Gwfg ug]{, u/fpg] . -u_ cflbjf;L hghftLnfO{ kf6L{sf] /fhgLlts d"n k|jfxdf Nofpg cfjZos ;Nnfx kf6L{nfO{ lbg] . – 22 –

-3_



cflbjf;L tyf hghftL ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o dfGotf / d"NonfO{ cWoog u/L kf6L{df k|ltj]bg lbg] . -ª_ cflbjf;L hghftL aLr kf6L{sf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug]{ . -r_ cflbjf;L hghftL aLr ;dGjo u/L kf6L{sf] gLlt / l;4fGtnfO{ nf]slk|o agfpg] . -@)_ cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg ljefuM -s_ kf6L{sf] k|efjsf/Ltf hg:t/df s:tf] 5 cg'udg tyf d"Nofª\sg u/L s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltdf k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -v_ kf6L{sf lgsfosf] sfo{;~rfng tyf k|efjsf/Ltfsf] cg'udg ug]{, To:tf sfo{qmdsf] d"Nof\sg u/L cfjZos ;'wf/ ug]{ ljifodf kf6L{nfO{ aflif{s k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -u_ eft[;+:yf, z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf] ;~rfng kf6L{sf] kIfdf eP gePsf] cg'udg u/L eft[ tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg kf6L{n] lng'kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f u/L To:tf gLltdf cGt/lqmof u/fO{ kf6L{nfO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -3_ cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yfn] g]kfndf k'¥ofPsf] ;xof]u k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ePsf] 5 5}g kf6L{nfO{ ;'emfj lbg] . -@!_ v]ns'b ljefuM -s_ g]kfnL sf+u|];;Fu cfj4 v]ns"b;Fu ;DaGwL ;+3÷;+:yfx?nfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ v]ns'b tyf v]nf8Lx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu kf6L{af6 gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -u_ g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿n] cGt/fli6«o v]nf8Lx¿;+u k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] jftfj/0f tof/ kfg{sf nflu v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ cfjZos tflndx¿ / k|f]T;fxg ug{ cfjZos kxn ug]{ . – 23 –

-3_

g]kfnL v]nf8Lx¿sf] xslxt / /f]huf/sf] Uof/]G6L ug{sf nflu kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 kxn ug]{ . -ª_ v]ns'bsf nflu cfjZos ef}lts ;+/rgf / hgzlQmsf] lgdf{0fdf kf6L{n] lng'kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -r_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o v]ns'b ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L g]kfnsf] v]ns'b ljsf;df cfjZos gofF sfo{of]hgf tof/ ug]{ . -5_ v]ns'b If]qdf lgo'lQm x'g] kbflwsf/L / ltgLx¿sf] k|efjsf/L kl/rfngsf nflu Pp6f dfkb08 lgwf{/0f ug{ kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . -h_ gLhL If]q / Joj;flos v]ns'bsf] ljsf;sf nflu cjfZos sfof{of]hgfx¿ agfO{ kf6L{ dfkm{t ug'{kg]{ sfo{ ug]{, kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdx¿df v]nf8Lx¿nfO{ k|efjsf/L kl/rfng ug{ jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug]{ . -em_ afnaflnsfsf] v]Ng] clwsf/sf] ;+/If0f / k|j4{g ug{ kf6L{nfO{ cfjZos ;xof]u / ;'emfj lbg] . To:t} ljz]if v]ns'b gLlt agfO{ kf6L{df k]z ug]{ . -@@_ k|fs[lts >f]t ljefuM -s hn>f]t, vlgh, phf{, hldg, h+un, h8La'6L Pj+ h}ljs ljljwtf ;DaGwdf ;/sf/n] lnPsf gLlt tyf P]g sfg"g / lgodx¿sf] cWoog u/L ltgLx¿nfO{ ;do;fk]If kl/dfhg ug{ ;'emfj lbg] . k|fs[lts >f]t tyf ;fwgsf] s;/L ;+/If0f ug{] / /fHosf] lxtdf a9L eGbf a9L k|of]udf Nofpgsf nflu P]g sfg"gx¿sf] cWoog u/L kf6L{n] lng' kg]{ gLltsf af/]df ;'emfj lbg] . -v_ d'n'sdf /x]sf hn>f]t, vlgh, h8La'6L, phf{, hldg, jgh+un Pj+ h}ljs ljljwtfsf] – 24 –



cj:yfsf] klxrfg u/L pQm >f]tx¿sf] ;b'kof]u u/L /fi6«sf] ;d'Ggt ljsf;sf nflu s] ug{ ;lsG5 To; If]qsf] ;d:of Pj+ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ af/] ;DalGwt If]qsf ljz]if1x¿åf/f cWoog cg';Gwfg u/fO{ k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -u_ hn>f]t, vlgh, phf{, hldg, h8La'6L, h}ljs ljljwtf Pj+ kof{j/0f ;Gt'ngsf] If]qdf sfo{/t /fli6«o tyf cGt{/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx¿;Fu ;DaGw /fVg], ;Dks{ lj:tf/ ug]{ tyf ltgsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L ;'emfj lbg] / pQm If]qdf sfo{/t ljz]if1x¿;Fu ;Dks{ /flv cGt/lqmof, uf]li7, 5nkmn ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ kf6L{sf] lxtdf kl/rfng ug]{ . -@#_ k|zf;g ljefuM -s_ ;/sf/af6 ePsf sfd sf/jfxLx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ . -v_ ;/sf/L tyf /fhg}lts If]qdf ePsf e|i6frf/ clgoldttf, l9nf;':tL tyf ;/sf/L ;+oGqdf ePsf /fhg}lts x:tIf]k h:tf lqmofsnfkx¿sf] lgoGq0f ug{sf nflu cjnDag ug'{kg]{ pkfox¿sf] ;DaGwdf ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . -v_ /fHosf] k|zf;lgs If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox¿df uf]i7L Pj+ ;]ldgf/x¿sf] cfof]hgf ug]{ . -u_ k|zf;lgs If]qsf kbflwsf/L tyf lj1x¿sf] clen]v /flv sfdsf] cfwf/df d"NofÍg tof/ kfg]{ . -@$_ >lds ljefuM -s_ g]kfn 6«]8 o'lgog sfFu|];–:jtGqnfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ pBf]u tyf cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fgx¿df sfd ug]{ >ldsx¿sf] xslxtsf nflu cfjZos gLltx¿ – 25 –



agfO{ ;f]adf]lhd sfd ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ . -u_ >ldsx¿sf] xs lxt / clwsf/x¿sf] ljifodf uf]i7L tyf 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf u/L k|fKt ;'emfjnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ . -3_ pBf]uklt jf Joj;foL / >ldsx¿sf aLrdf /x]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg ul/ lt ;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{ cfjZos dfu{lgb]{zg tof/ ug]{ . -ª_ c;+ul7t s[ifL lgdf{0f nufotsf dhb'/x¿nfO{ ;+ul7t ug]{ . -@%_ g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldlt ;dGjo ljefuM -s_ ljb]z l:yt g]kfn hg;Dks{ ;ldltx¿nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ ljleGg b]zdf /x]sf g]kfnLx¿ aLr kf6L{sf] ;+u7g lj:tf/df ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] / kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ cjnDag u/L kf6L{sf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ ug{ s] s:tf gLlt kf6L{n] lng'kg]{ x'G5 To; ;DaGwdf kf6L{nfO{ k|ltj]bg lbg] . -u_ g]kfnLx¿nfO{ ljb]zsf] a;fO{df k/]sf ;d:ofsf ;dfwfg ug{ kf6L{nfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ To:tf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;xof]u ug]{ . -3_ kf6L{sf] a[xQ/ xLtsf] nflu g]kfnL hg;Dks{ ;ldltnfO{ ;'29, cg'zfl;t Pj+ Pstfj2 u/L kl/rfng ug{ cfjZos sfo{x¿ ug]{ . -ª_ u}/ cfjf;Lo g]kfnLx¿sf] ;+:yf (NRN) ;+u k|efjsf/L ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{ . -@^_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/ If]q ;dGjo ljefuM -s_ d'n'sdf /x]sf] z}lIfs a]/f]huf/L nufot cGo a]/f]huf/Lx¿nfO{ /f]huf/ lbgsf nflu /f]huf/Lsf nflu k7fpg ;Sg] d'n'sx¿sf] klxrfg u/L pQm d'n'sx¿;+u kf6L{sf] hg;Dks{ ljefu dfkm{t cfjZos ;DaGw a9fpg] . – 26 –

-v_

j}b]lzs /f]huf/df uPsf g]kfnLx¿n] j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] l;nl;nfdf ef]u]sf ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg u/L pQm ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug{sf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ . -u_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/Lsf nflu uGtJo If]q / To; If]qdf /x]sf hf]lvdx¿sf af/]df hfgsf/L lbg / hf]lvdx¿ Go"gLs/0f ug{sf nflu kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 cfjZos kxn ug]{ . -3_ j}b]lzs /f]huf/df hfg' k"j{ ;DjlGwt d'n'ssf] cj:yf jf/] cled'vLs/0f ;DjGwL tflndsf] Joj:yf ug]{, u/fpg] . -@&_ ckfË ljefuM -s_ g]kfn /fli6«o nf]stflGqs ckfË ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn agfO{ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ d'n'se/sf ckfËx¿sf] ;ªu7g ;zlQms/0f / ljsf;sf ;DaGwdf cfjZos sfo{ of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ . -u_ d'n's e/sf ckfËx¿sf] lxtsf ljifodf ul7t ljleGg z'e]R5's, ;xof]uL / ;fdflhs ;+:Yffx¿;+u cfjZos ;Dks{ / ;dGjo u/L ljleGg sfo{qmdx¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] . -3_ d'n'se/sf ckfËx¿sf] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmdx¿ Nofpg ;/sf/nfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{ . -ª_ ckfËsf If]qdf k|fKt x'g] j}b]lzs ;xof]unfO{ ef}lts k"jf{wf/ / hgzlQm lgdf{0fdf k|fyldstf lbg] u/L gLlt lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg] sfo{df kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . -@*_ e"k" ;}lgs ljefuM -s_ g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . -v_ g]kfn e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;+3nfO{ ;Ifd ;+u7g agfpg ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] . – 27 –

-u_ -3_

-ª_ -r_ -@(_ blnt -s_ -v_

-u_ -3_

-ª_

g]kfn e/sf e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿sf] tYofÍ ;+sng u/L b]zsf] zflGt ;'/Iffdf e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿n] k'¥ofpg ;Sg] of]ubfgsf] klxrfg u/fpg] . kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s ;'/Iffsf nflu e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿nfO{ s;/L k|efjsf/L pkof]udf Nofpg ;lsG5 ;f] af/]df cfjZos cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ . e"tk"j{ ;}lgsx¿sf] xs lxt / ;'/Iffsf ;fy} pQm hgzlQm /fi6« lgdf{0fsf] sfddf nufpg] gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u ug]{ . d'n's jflx/ /x]sf e"k" ;}lgs;+u ;Dks{ / ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg] . ljefuM g]kfn blnt ;+3nfO{ lqmofzLn jgfP/ kl/rfng ug]{ . sfg'gL ¿kdf 5'jf5't ;DaGwL Joj:yf cGTo eO{;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;fdflhs ¿kdf 5'jf5't ;DaGwL s'/LtLx¿ /xL g} /x]sf] x'Fbf d'n'saf6 5'jf5't ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf lgd"{n ug{sf nflu ug'{kg]{ sfdx¿sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L pQm sfo ug]{ u/fpg]sf] nflu s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt dfkm{t ;DaGwLt lgsfodf l;kmfl/; ug]{ . /fHosf ;du| If]qdf blntx¿sf] ;dfj]zL pkl:yltsf nflu cfjZos kxn ug]{ . ;fdflhs If]qdf b]lvPsf s'l/tLx¿nfO{ x6fpg] sfo{df kf6L{nfO{ ;lqmo agfpg cfjlws of]hgf tof/ u/L s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{5 . ;fdflhs ¿kdf pTkL8gdf k/]sf blnlt tyf blnt ;d'bfonfO{ /fHoåf/f k|bfg u/Lg] ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf] sfo{of]hgf agfpgsf nflu kf6L{nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . – 28 –

-r_

;fdflhs ¿kdf pTkL8g ePsf ju{ / JolQmnfO{ z}lIfs tyf :Jf:Yo ;DaGwL ;'ljwf pknAw u/fpg kf6L{n] /fli6«o d'4fsf] ¿kdf cleofg rnfpg ;xof]u ug]{ . -5_ blnt ;d'bfodf kf6L{sf] ;+u7gnfO{ ;zQm agfpg] u/L sfo{of]hgf ;lxt cleofg ;~rfng ug]{ . -#)_ åGb Joj:yfkg ljefuM -s_ kf6L{sf zlxb, zlxb kl/jf/, cft+s÷lx+;fjf6 lkl8tx¿sf] clen]v b'¿:t /fVg] . -v_ d'n'ssf] /fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs nufotsf ;a} If]qdf åGbaf6 lkl8t / pTkGg ljifo kl/l:Yltaf/] cWoog ug]{ . -u_ lj:yflkt Pj+ åGbsf sf/0fx¿sf] klxrfg ug]{ / ljutsf lx+;fTds åGbaf6 lkl8tx¿sf] tYofÍ tof/ kfg]{ . -3_ åGb lkl8tx¿sf] k"g{:yfkgf of]hgf tof/ kfg]{ . -ª_ åGbsf] bLuf] ;dfwfgsf pkfo kQf nufO{ sfof{Gjogsf nflu s]Gb|Lo ;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug]{ . -r_ åGb Joj:yfkgsf] :yfoL ;dfwfgsf nflu åGb Joj:yfkg;+u ;DalGwt ljleGg /fli6«o tyf cGt/fli6«o ;+3 ;+:yfx¿;+u ;DaGw /fVg], ;Dks{ lj:tf/ ug]{, ltgsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog u/L ;'emfj lbg] / pQm If]qdf sfo{/t ljz]if1x¿;+u ;Dks{{ /fvL cGt/s[of, uf]i7Lx¿sf] cfof]hgf u/L 5nkmn ug]{ / pgLx¿nfO{ kf6L{ lxtsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ . @)= c~rn ;dGjo ;ldltM b]xfo adf]lhdsf] c~rn ;dGjo ;ldlt u7g x'g]5 .

– 29 –

-s_

s]Gb|Lo ;efkltaf6 dgf]lgt s]Gb|Lo – ;+of]hs sfo{;ldltsf ;b:odWo]af6 Ps hgf -v_ c~rn leqsf ;+f;bx¿ – ;b:o -u_ c~rn leqsf k"j{ s]Gb|Lo ;b:o Pj+ k"j{ ;f+;b dWo] – ;b:o s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] dgf]lgt u/]sf %÷% hgf -3_ c~rnleqsf lhNnf – ;b:o ;efkltx¿ -ª_ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] dgf]lgt u/]sf g]kfnL sf+u|];sf – ;b:o lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 % hgf -r_ c~rnleqsf s]Gb|Lo sfo{ – cfdlGqt ;b:ox¿ ;ldltsf ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ . -@_ c~rn ;dGjo ;ldltn] c~rnleq kf6L{sf] Pstf, ;+u7g lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0fsf] nflu cfjZos sfo{x¿ ug]{5 . -#_ c~rn ;dGjo ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] ;+u7g lj:tf/ / ;'b[9Ls/0f ;DaGwL ug'{kg]{ sfo{x¿sf] cWoog cg';Gwfg u/L s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug]{5 . @!= k|b]z ;ldltsf] u7gM -!_ ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ df pNn]lvt k|b]z ;ldltsf] u7g ubf{ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] kxndf ljwfgsf] wf/f !@ adf]lhd k|b]z ;ldlt u7g ul/g]5 . -@_ k|b]z sfo{;ldltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . @@= sf7df8f}+ pkTosf ;dGjo ;ldltM -!_ ljwfgsf] wf/f !# adf]lhd u7g x'g] sf7df8f}F pkTosf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] ;+of]hssf] lgo'lQm, – 30 –

@#=

dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] sfo{;ldltsf] ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 ug]{5 . -@_ pkTosf ;dGjo ;ldltdf b]xfo adf]lhd ;b:ox¿ /xg]5g\ M -s_ sf7df8f}F pkTosf leqsf tLg j6} lhNnfsf lhNnf ;efkltx¿ -v_ sf7df8f}F pkTosf leqsf tLg j6} lhNnfleqsf If]qLo ;efkltx¿ -#_ ;b:ox¿ dWo]jf6 ;+of]hsn] tf]s]sf] JolQmn] ;b:o ;lrj eO{ sfd ug]{5 . -$_ kf6L{nfO{ pkTosfleq ;zQm ¿kdf ;dGjo Pj+ kl/rfng ug]{ sfo{ pkTosf ;dGjo ;ldltsf] x'g]5 . -%_ pkTosfleqsf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿;Fu sDtLdf jif{sf] @ k6s cGt/lqmof u/L kf6L{ ;'b[9Ls/0f ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -^_ lghL If]qsf pBf]uL Joj;foL / k]zf Joj;foL JolQmx¿nfO{ kf6L{df ;+nUg u/fpg kf6L{n] rfNg' kg]{ /0fgLltx¿ Tfof/ u/L s]Gb|Lo ;ldltdf k]z ug]{5 . -&_ s]Gb|af6 tf]s]sf cGo sfo{x¿ ug]{, u/fpg] . s]Gb|Lo ljefu tyf lgsfosf sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/M -!_ s]Gb|Lo ljefu tyf lgsfosf sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 . -s_ ljefu tyf lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfo{ If]q;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{x¿sf] sfo{qmd agfO{ nfu" ug]{ / To; ;DaGwL hfgsf/L s]Gb|df k7fpg'kg]{5 . -v_ slDtdf jif{sf] @ -b'O{_ k6s cfkm\gf] ljefu ;DaGwL sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng u/L To;sf] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltdf lbg' kg]{5 . -u_ cfkm\gf] ljefu ;DaGwL kf6L{n] lgwf{/0f ug'{kg]{ gLlt, lgodsf ;DaGwdf cWoog / 5nkmn – 31 –

u/fO{ k|fKt ;'emfj ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltdf k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 . -3_ kf6L{sf] p2]Zo, gLlt tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg] / To; ;DaGwL sfo{of]hgfx¿ agfO{ kf6L{sf] ljleGg tx / lgsfo dfkm{t nfu" ug]{, u/fpg]5 . -ª_ k|To]s ljefun] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf cf– cfkm\gf] ljefu ;DaGwL ljifodf dxfdGqLnfO{ hfgsf/L lbg'kg]{5 / cfly{s bfloTj kg]{ ljifodf sf]iffWoIfnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fO{ :jLs[lt lng'kg]{5 . -r_ s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf sfo{x¿ ug]{, u/fpg] / lbPsf] lgb]{zg sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg]5 . -5_ c~rn tyf lhNnfaf6 k|fKt k|ltj]bgx¿ cWoog u/L cfkm\gf] ljefu;Fu ;DalGwt /0fgLlt to ug]{5 . -h_ s]Gb|n] ljefu ;DaGwL tf]s]sf sfo{x¿ ;Dkfbg u/L To;sf] hfgsf/L s]Gb|df lbg] . -@_ ljefunfO{ tf]lsPsf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ s]Gb|Lo sfof{noaf6 cfjZos Joj:yfx¿ ldnfpg]5 . @$= cGo lgsfodf zfvf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ cGo lgsfo jf sfo{bn jf cWoog 6f]nL u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . To:tf lgsfo jf sfo{bn jf cWoog 6f]nLsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -@_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] If]qLo sfo{ ;ldlt;+u ;dGjo u/L cfjZostf cg';f/ Onfsf sfo{ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;f] Onfsf ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] lglt tyf sfo{qmdx¿ nufot ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ;qmLo ;xeflutf hgfpg]5 . -#_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf sfof{nodf k|d'v ;lxt !% ;b:o /x]sf] b]xfosf zfvfx¿ u7g x'g]5g\ . zfvfsf] k|d'v lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf ;b:o dWo]af6 x'g]5 / ;b:ox? lqmofzLn ;b:o dWo]af6 x'g' kg]{5 . x/]s zfvfn] k|To]s ^ dlxgfdf – 32 –

cfˆgf sfo{If]qsf ljifo dfly 5nkmn u/L cfjZos sf/jfxLsf nflu lhNnf sfo{;ldlt ;dIf cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . t/ ljz]if cj:yfdf s'g} klg zfvfn] cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf sfo{;ldlt ;dIf k]z ug{ / lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] klg k]z ug{ nufpg ;Sg]5 . -s_ ;+u7g zfvfM lhNnf:t/Lo kf6L{ ;+u7g ;DaGwL sfd x]g]{5 . If]qLo, gu/÷ufpF sfo{;ldltx¿sf] lqmofsnfksf] cg'udg / d"Nof+sg ug]{5 . ufpF, gu/ / If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] ultljlwsf af/]df Jojl:yt hfgsf/L /fVg]5 . cfkm\gf] dftxtsf lgosfx¿sf] cg'udg ug]{ tyf ljljw ljifodf cg';Gwfg ug]{, u/fpg]5 .To; ;DaGwL k|ltj]bg lhNnf sfo{;ldlt dfkm{t ;+u7g ljefudf k7fpg]5 . -v_ ljsf; zfvfM :yfgLo lgsfo / tL lgsfox¿df lgjf{lrt kf6L{sf k|ltlglw / lhNnf :t/Lo ljsf; ;DaGwL ;/sf/L sfof{nox¿;Fu ;dGjo u/L ljsf; ;DaGwL sfo{df ;lqmo x'g]5, u/fpg]5 . -u_ sfo{qmd, k|lzIf0f tyf ;dGjo zfvfM lhNnf:t/Lo kf6L{ sfo{qmd tof/ ug]{, e|ft[;+:yf / z'e]R5's ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo ug]{5 . lhNnfdf ljleGg k]zf / Joj;fodf nfu]sf k|ltef Pj+ hgzlQmnfO{ kf6L{ sfo{qmd;Fu ;dGjo u/L kf6L{sf ;j} :t/sf ;b:ox¿sf] k|lzIf0f / kl/rfng ug]{, u/fpg]5 . -3_ clen]v zfvfM ;b:ox¿sf] btf{ lstfa cBfjlws /fVg], dtbftf gfdfjnL, cGo clen]v cflbsf] Joj:yf / ;+/If0f ug]{5 . -ª_ k|rf/–k|;f/ zfvfM k|rf/–k|;f/sf] sfd ug]{, ;"rgfsf] cfbfg k|bfg ug]{, kf6L{sf lj¿4df nufOPsf cf/f]kx¿sf ;DaGwdf k|i6 kfg]{ jf v08g cflb ug]{5 . -r_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ ljBfyL{, t?0f, dlxnf, >lds tyf j'l4hLjL nufotsf zfvfx? u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ If]qLo, ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] klg – 33 –

lgod @$ sf] pklgod -#_ jdf]lhd cfjZostf cg';f/ zfvf ;~rfng ug{ ;Sg]5g\ . -%_ x/]s txsf zfvfsf k|d'v sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 x'g' kg]{5 . @%= btf{–rnfgL ;DaGwL Joj:yfM x/]s txsf sfof{nox¿df btf{– rnfgL ;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfOg]5 . @^= cg'udg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ dxfdGqLn] s]Gb|Lo ljefu tyf lgsfo Pj+ tyf lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] cg'udg ug]{ u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . -@_ kf6L{sf] ljefu tyf lgsfon] cfkm\gf] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf lhNnf, If]q / To; cGtu{tsf zfvfx¿sf] lgoldt ¿kdf cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg]5 . -#_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf ;efkltn] If]qLo sfo{;ldlt tyf ufpF, gu/, gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltsf] sfd sfjf{xLsf] cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{5 . To:tf] cg'udgsf] k|ltj]bg lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k]z ug'{kg]{5 . -$_ s]Gb|Lo ;efklt jf dxfdGqLn] ljefu, lgsfo tyf lhNnf sfo{;ldltx¿sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg k|efjsf/L ¿kdf eP gePsf] x]g{ / To; ;DaGwL yk Joj:yf ug]{ u/L s]Gb|Lo ;b:o jf cGo JolStnfO{ tf]sL ;f] adf]lhd cg'udgsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg ;Sg]5 . -%_ lhNnf:t/sf] cg'udgsf] sfo{df dxfdGqLnfO{ cg'udg ljefun] ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–$ s]Gb|Lo gLlt tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg ;DaGwL Joj:yf @&=

s]Gb|Lo gLlt tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fgsf] u7gM -!_ lawfgsf] wf/f #^ adf]lhd kf6L{sf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg tyf kf6L{sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ kf6L{sf] cfbz{, l;4fGt, gLlt af]w u/fpg Pp6f s]Gb|Lo gLlt tyf k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg u7g ul/g]5 . – 34 –

-@_ k|lti7fgsf] k|d'v s]Gb|Lo pk;efklt /xg] 5g\ . -#_ s]Gb|Lo ;efklt ;+u k/fd{z u/L k|lti7fgsf k|d'vn] s]Gb|Lo ;b:o÷kf6L{sf] pko'Qm JolQmnfO{{ pkk|d'vdf dgf]gog ug]{5g\ . -$_ ;efklt;Fu k/fdz{ u/L ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf 1ftf kf6L{sf lqmofzLn ;b:odWo] @% hgfnfO{ k|d'vn] ;b:odf lgo'Qm ug]{5g\ . -%_ s]Gb|Lo ;efklt ;Fu k/fdz{ u/L k|lti7fgsf k|d'vn] ;DalGwt ljifo If]qsf 1ftf lqmofzLn ;b:onfO{ k|lti7fgsf] sfo{sf/L lgb]{zsdf lgo'Qm ug]{5g\ . -^_ sfo{sf/L lgb]{zssf] x]/km]/ ug'{ k/]df ;efklt;+u k/fdz{ u/L k|lti7fgsf k|d'vn] ug{]5 . -&_ k|lti7fgn] z'r]R5's ;+:yf;Fu ;dGjo u/L ;DalGwt ljz]if1x¿sf] /fo lnO{ ljleGg k]zf Joj;flos ;+u7gnfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L k|bfg ug{ ;Sg]5 . @*=

k|lti7fgsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/M -!_ ljleGg ljifoIf]qdf sfo{/t ;[hgzLn, af}l4s / Joj;flos hgzlQmsf] ;xof]u lnO{ k|lti7fgn] kf6L{sf] gLlt lgdf{0fdf / lgoldt k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 . -@_ k|lti7fgn] lgoldt ¿kdf ljifout ljrf/ uf]i7L, cGt/;+jfb / k/fdz{ sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{5 . -#_ kf6L{ ;b:o tyf ljleGg txsf kf6L{ kbflwsf/Lx¿nfO{ nlu k|lti7fgåf/f lgwf{l/t sfo{qmdcg';f/ /fhgLlts ;fdflhs, cfly{s ljifodf k|lzlIft u/fOg]5 . -$_ k|lti7fgn] k|d'v dfkm{t ^÷^ dlxgfdf cfkm\gf] k|ltj]bg s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt ;dIf k|:t't ug]{5 . -%_ eft[ ;+:yf tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;+nUg u/L /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/sf k|lzIf0f sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug]{ . -^_ /fhgLlts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs, z}lIfs / ljsf; ;DaGwL ljljw ljifodf kf6L{n] clVtof/ ug'{kg]{ gLlt lgdf{0f, – 35 –

sfo{of]hgf th'{df ug]{ . -&_ th'{df ePsf gLlt kf6L{af6 :jLs[t u/fO{ kf6L{ut txdf sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] . -*_ kf6L{sf] gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ cg';Gwfg tyf d"Nofª\sg ljefun] lgsfn]sf] lgisif{ / k|ltj]bgx¿nfO{ ;d]t k|of]u ug]{ .

kl/R5]b–% sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ ;DaGwL Joj:yf @(=

lqmofzLn ;b:osf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M -!_ kf6L{sf] p2]Zo, gLlt / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo /xg] . -@_ kf6L{af6 cfof]hgf ul/Psf ljleGg /fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ljsf; lgdf{0f ;DaGwL sfo{qmddf lqmofzLn /xg] . -#_ kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt / sfo{qmdnfO{ hg:t/df k'¥ofpg n]v, /rgf k|sflzt ug]{ jf ;fj{hlgs ax; / 5nkmndf efu lng] . -$_ :yfgLo lgsfo tyf ;+;b\sf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf pDd]bjf/nfO{ ljhoL u/fpg kf6L{sf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd lqmofzLn /xg] . -%_ kf6L{sf] cfbz{, l;4fGt / dof{bfnfO{ pRr /fVb} kf6L{nfO{ ;an, ;Ifd ;+u7g agfpg lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /xg] . -^_ kf6L{sf] ljleGg txn] lbPsf] lhDd]jf/L axg ug]{ . -&_ cfkm"n] kf6L{df u/]sf sfo{qmdx¿sf] clen]v ;d]t /fvL gjLs/0fsf nflu cfj]bg ubf{ pNn]v ug{'kg]{ . -*_ kf6L{sf] gLlt, sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ¿kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ k|ToIf ;xefuL x'g' k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:osf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -(_ kf6L{sf] ljwfg, gLlt, lgod tyf sfo{qmdnfO{ hg:t/df k'¥ofpg] u/L ;xof]u ug'{ k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:osf] – 36 –

-!)_ -!!_ -!@_ -!#_ -!$_

-!%_

#)=

st{Jo x'g]5 . kf6L{n] lbPsf] lgb]{zg adf]lhd sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug'{ k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:osf] st{Jo x'g]5 . To:tf] lgb]{zg s]Gb|Lo :t/ tyf lhNnf :t/af6 lbg ;lsg]5 . lgjf{rgdf ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xefuL eO{ kf6L{sf] kIfdf k|rf/ k|;f/ ug'{ k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:osf] st{Jo /xg]5 . kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmdsf ;DaGwdf k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:onfO{ kf6L{sf] lxtdf ;j} txsf lgsfodf cfkm\gf] lnlvt egfO /fVg] clwsf/ x'g]5 . kf6L{sf] ljwfg, lgod adf]lhd of]Uotf k'u]sf lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿n] ;DalGwt lgsfosf] lgjf{rgdf tf]lsP adf]lhd efu lng] clwsf/ x'g]5 . kf6L{sf] p2]Zo, sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|To]s lqmofzLn ;b:osf] clen]v lghn] of]ubfg k'¥ofP cg';f/ kf6L{sf] btf{ lstfadf btf{ /x] g/x]sf] x]g]{ clwsf/ x'g]5 . lqmofzLn ;b:on] lhNnf, If]q , ufp, gu/, j8f sfo{;ldltn] cfof]hgf u/]sf sfo{qmd x¿ dWo] slDtdf %) krfz k|ltzt sfo{qmdx¿df clgjfo{ ¿kdf efu lng'kg]{ 5 .

ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltsf ;efkltx¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5 M -!_ sfo{;ldlt tyf clwj]zgsf] ;efkltTj ug]{ / cfjZos k/] lg0ff{os dt lbg]5 . -@_ kf6L{sf] cfbz{, l;4fGt / dof{bfnfO{ pRr /fVb} kf6L{nfO{ k|efjsf/L / ;Ifd ;+u7gsf ¿kdf ;~rfng ug{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{5 . -#_ sfo{;ldlt tyf clwj]zgn] u/]sf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg]5 . -$_ kf6L{sf] dflyNnf] lgsfon] ;do ;dodf lbPsf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug]{5 . – 37 –

-%_

lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ug{ tyf lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug{ k|fKt lgj]bg pk/ sfo{;ldltsf] a}7saf6 5fgljg u/L k|:tfj jf l;kmfl/;sf] k|dfl0ft u/L tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq} If]qLo sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -^_ kf6L{n] tTsfn ug'{kg]{ cGo ;a} sfd ug]{5 / cfufdL sfo{;ldltsf] a}7saf6 cg'df]bg u/fpg]5 . -&_ k|To]s gful/snfO{ kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:otf lng / ;fwf/0f ;b:onfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf u|x0f ug{ k|f]T;flxt u/fpg]5 . -*_ kf6L{af6 ;fwf/0f ;b:otf tyf lqmofzLn ;b:otf 5f]8]sf JolQmx¿sf] clen]v tof/ u/L If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg]5 . -(_ kf6L{sf] /fhgLlts ultljlw tyf cj:yfsf af/]df If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 . cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ;fdflhs sfo{x¿sf] ;~rfng tyf sof{Gjogdf ;lqmo ;xefuL x'g'kg]{5 . ;fy} kf6L{nfO{ ;fdflhs sfddf ;xefuL u/fpg]5 . -!)_ cfkm\gf] If]qsf] ljsf;, lgdf{0f tyf of]hgfx¿sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;lqmo /xL To;sf] ljj/0f If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg]5 . -!!_ cf–cfkm\gf] If]qleqsf kf6L{sf ;fwf/0f ;b:o tyf lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿n] kf6L{sf] ljwfg tyf lgodcg';f/ sfo{ u/]sf] gu/]sf] clen]v /fvL To;;DaGwL ljj/0f If]qLo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg]5 . -!@_ dtbftf gfdfjnL tyf kl/rokq agfpg ;ldltsf ;b:o tyf lqmofzLn ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;lqmo u/fpg'kg]{5 . -!#_ ufp÷gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf jif{df sDtLdf Rff/j6f sfo{qmdx¿ ug'{ kg]{5 . -!$_ ufpF ;efkltn] ufpF ljsf; ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;+oGqdf ufpF sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L jf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 k|ltlglw tf]sL k7fpg] jf x]/km]/ ug]{ . To:t} u/]/ ufpF :t/Lo ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo jf ;j{bnLo a}7sdf k|ltlglw k7fpg] . ufpF sfo{;ldltsf] – 38 –

sfof{nodf u7g x'g] zfvfsf k|d'vx¿sf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ ug]{ . -!%_ gu/ ;efkltn] gu/kflnsfsf] a}7s jf ;+oGqdf gu/ sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L jf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 k|ltlglw tf]sL k7fpg] jf x]/km]/ ug]{ . To:t} u/]/ gu/ :t/Lo ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo jf ;j{bnLo a}7sdf k|ltlglw k7fpg] . gu/ sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{nodf u7g x'g] zfvfsf k|d'vx¿sf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ ug]{ . -!^_ lhNnf tyf If]lqo sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{ / tf]s]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/fpg] 5 . #!= If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf ;efkltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M -!_ ljwfg, lgodn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -@_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{ 5 . -#_ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{, u/fpg] 5 . -$_ kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds cj:yfsf af/]df lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltdf sDtLdf jif{sf] b'O k6s k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{ 5. -%_ kf6L{sf gofF ;b:o tyf kf6L{ kl/Tofu ug]{ JolQmx¿sf clen]v tof/ u/L lhNnf sfo{;ldltdf k7fpg] 5 . -^_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf lg0ff{os dt k|bfg ug'{kg]{ ePdf dt k|bfg ug]{ 5 . -&_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltn] u/]sf lg0f{ox¿ sfof{Gjog ug]{, u/fpg] 5 . -*_ If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf jif{df sDtLdf Rff/ j6f sfo{qmx¿ ug'{ kg]{5 . -(_ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt sf] lg0f{o lgb]{zg kfngf ug]{ tyf lhNnfn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/fpg] . – 39 –

-!)_ If]qLo :t/Lo ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo jf ;j{bnLo a}7sdf k|ltlglw k7fpg] . If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{nodf u7g x'g] zfvfsf k|d'vx¿sf] lgo'lQm, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ ug]{ . #@=

lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] ;efkltsf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] x'g]5M -!_ ljwfg, lgodn] tf]s]sf] sfo{ tyf s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{o u/] adf]lhdsf] sfo{x¿ ;Dkfbg ug]{ u/fpg] 5 . -@_ lhNnf clwj]zg, lhNnf ;Dd]ng, lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] a}7ssf] cWoIftf ug]{, tyf lhNnfdf kf6L{nfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{5 . -#_ a}7sdf lg0ff{os dt k|bfg ug'{ k/]df lg0ff{os dt k|bfg ug]{5 . -$_ s]Gb|n] tf]s]sf sfo{ ;Dkfbfg ug]{, u/fpg]5 . -%_ kf6L{sf] ;+u7gfTds cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf s]Gb|df sDtLdf jif{sf] b'O k6s k|ltj]bg k]z ug]{5 . -^_ lhNnfdf kf6L{sf gofF ;b:o tyf kf6L{ kl/Tofu u/]sf JolQmx¿sf clen]v tof/ u/L s]Gb|df k7fpg] 5 . -&_ dtbftf gfdfjnL tyf kl/rokqdf kf6L{sf ;a} ;b:onfO{ lqmofzLn u/fpg] tyf To; ;DaGwL cg'udg u/L cfjZos lgb]{zg ;DalGwt ufpF, gu/ j8f, gu/ tyf If]qLo sfo{;ldltnfO{ lbg]5 . -*_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L k|bfg u/]sf] sfo{x¿ ug]{, u/fpg] 5 . -(_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] cfof]hgfdf jif{df sDtLdf Rff/j6f sfo{qmdx¿ ug'{ kg]{5 . -!)_ lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{nodf u7g x'g] zfvfsf k|d'v tyf ;b:ox¿sf] lgo'QmL, dgf]gog jf x]/km]/ ug]{5 . -!!_ lhNnf ;efkltn] lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf] a}7s jf ;+oGqdf lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf kbflwsf/L jf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 k|ltlglw tf]sL k7fpg] jf x]/km]/ – 40 –

ug]{ . To:t} u/]/ lhNnf :t/Lo ;/sf/L jf u}/ ;/sf/L lgsfo jf ;j{bnLo a}7sdf k|ltlglw k7fpg] . -!@_ lhNnfn] If]q, ufpF, gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt;Fu ;do ;dodf ;dGjo ug]{ u/fpg' kg]{5 . ##=

lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] ;lrjsf] sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M -!_ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt, lhNnf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;ldlt / cGo lhNnf ;ldlt x¿sf] lg0f{o sfo{Gjog ug]{ u/fpg] . -@_ kf6L{sf] lhNnf sfof{no /]vb]v / ;+rfng ug]{ . -#_ b}lgs sfo{ ;+rfng sf nfuL ;efkltnfO ;xof]u k'/fpg] / dxTjk'0f{ ljifodf ;efkltnfO hfgsf/L u/fpg] . -$_ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltdf k|ltj]bg / k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{ . -%_ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt / lhNnf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ;ldltsf] lg0f{o k+|dfl0ft ug]{ . -^_ ;efkltn] u/]sf] sfo{ ljefhg cg';f/ ;DjlGwt ;lrjn] tTk/tfsf ;fy sfd ug]{ .

#$=

lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] sf]iffWoIfsf] sfd, st{Ao / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] x'g]5 M -!_ lhNnf sfo{ ;ldltnfO k|fKt x'g] ;Dk'0f{ sf]if sf] clen]v /fVg] . -@_ kf6L{sf lgDtL k|fKt x'g] ;b:otf z'Ns, dfl;s ;xof]u /sd / cGo ;'e]R5's / ;dy{s af6 k|fKt x'g] /sd ;+sng ug]{ . -#_ kf6L{sf] jflif{s cfly{s k|ltj]bg lhNnf sfo{ ;ldlt dfkm{t lhNnf clwa]zgdf k|:t't ug]{ . -$_ kf6L{sf] cfly{s k|ltj]bg n]vf k/LIf0f u/fO{ k]z ug]{ .



#%=

sfo{;Dkfbg ;ldltx¿ lhNnf, If]q, ufpF, gu/, j8f / dtbfgs]Gb| sfo{;Dkfbg – 41 –

;ldltx¿ u7g ubf{ ;DalGwt txsf] ;efkltn] sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 sfo{;Dkfbg ;ldltsf ;b:osf nflu sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug'{ kg]{5 / sfo{;ldltn] cg'df]bg ug'{ kg]{5 . #^=

s]Gb|Lo ;b:ox¿sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5M -!_ s]Gb| / lhNnf;Fu ;dGjo /fvL s]Gb|Lo ;b:on] k|To]s jif{ sDtLdf !) j6f lhNnf e|d0f u/L kf6L{sf] ;+u7g tyf cj:yfsf ;DaGwdf kf6L{nfO{ e|d0f k|ltj]bg a'emfpg' kg]{5 . -@_ kf6L{n] v6fPsf] 7fpFdf lhDd]jf/L cg';f/ kf6L{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{kg]{5 . -#_ kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt / sfo{qmd ;DaGwdf lnlvt df}lvs jf cGo s'g} k|sf/n] JofVof ug'{kg]{5 .

kl/R5]b–^ e|ft[ ;+:yf tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yf;DaGwL Joj:yf #&=

e|ft[;+:yf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM kf6L{af6 dfGotf k|fKt e|ft[;+:yf;DaGwL Joj:yf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5— -!_ s'g} klg e|ft[;+:Yffn] cfkm\gf] ljwfg kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fpg' kg]{5 . -@_ e|ft[;+:yfnfO{ dfGotf lb+bf s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] dfGotf ;DaGwL dfGotfkq lbg'kg]{5 . -#_ k|To]s e|ft[;+:yfn] g]kfnL sf+u|];n] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] :yfgLo / s]Gb|Lo sfo{qmdx¿df cfkm\gf] klxrfg hgfpg] Jofg/ / em08f ;lxt clgjfo{ ¿kdf ;xeflu x'g'kg]{5 . -$_ cf–cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf ;fwf/0f ;b:ox¿sf] s"n ;+Vof / lqmofzLn ;b:o tyf ;Dk"0f{ lgsfosf kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] gfdfjnL txut kf6L{ lgsfodf k7fpg'kg]{5 . -%_ e|ft[:+yfn] k|To]s tLg jif{df cf–cfkm\gf] ;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo – 42 –

-^_

-&_ -*_

-(_

#*=

clwj]zg / k|To]s jif{ lhNnf ;Dd]ng ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf] clwj]zgdf kf6L{n] ko{j]Ifs k7fpg]5 . e|ft[;+:yfn] cf–cfkm\gf] ljwfgdf pNn]lvt ljlw / k|lqmof cg';f/ ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg ug'{kg]{5 / To:tf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{n] txut ;DjlGwt txjf6 ko{j]Ifs k7fpg]5 . jflif{s ¿kdf dfGotfk|fKt n]vfk/LIfsaf6 n]vf k/LIf0f u/fO{ To;sf] k|ltj]bg kf6L{df ;d]t lbg'kg]{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] e|ft[;+:yfsf] ljwfgdf ;f] e|ft[;+:yfsf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt / lhNnfsfo{ ;ldltsf] cWoIf jf ;efkltn] nuftf/ b'O{ k6seGbf a9L lgjf{lrt x'g g;Sg] Joj:yf x''g'kg]{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] e|ft[ ;+:yfsf ¿kdf /x]sf ;+:yfx¿sf] xfn sfod /x]sf] ljwfgdf pNn]lvt Joj:yf gePsf] eP o; ;DaGwL Joj:yf, of] lgodfjnL hf/L ePkl5 x'g] ;DalGwt e|ft[;+:yfsf] clwj]zgn] To:tf] Joj:yf yk u/fpg' kg]{5 . kf6L{sf] e|ft[;+:yfn] kf6L{sf] p2]Zo, gLlt / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5 . kf6L{sf] p2]Zo, gLlt / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] lgb]{zg kfngf gu/]sf] k|dfl0ft ePdf s]lGb|o sfo{;ldltn] cfjZos a}wflgs k|s[of k'/f ul/ To:tf e|ft[;+:yfnfO{ lj36g u/L tby{ ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 / To:tf] tby{ ;ldltnfO{ ljz]if lhDd]jf/L tf]sL 5 dlxgf leq clwj]zg ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{5 .

z'e]R5's ;+:yf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ kf6L{sf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿nfO{ kf6L{n] cfkm\gf] clen]v /fvL ;do ;dodf ;xof]usf] dfu ug]{5 . z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿n] kf6L{n] dfu u/] cg';f/sf] ;xof]u u/], gu/]sf] cfwf/df kf6L{sf] z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf clen]vaf6 x6fpg] jf gx6fpg] lg0f{o kf6L{n] ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ g]kfnL sfFu|];sf k|To]s ;b:ox¿n] kfngf – 43 –

-#_

-$_

-%_

-^_

ug'{kg]{ cfrf/;+lxtf kf6L{sf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿df /x]sf JolQmx¿nfO{ ;d]t nfu' x'g]5 . kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:onfO{ lgo'lQm jf dgf]gog ubf{ To:tf ;b:on] z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf] ljwfg jf lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;b:otf gjLs/0f u/] gu/]sf] tyf ;xof]u z'Ns a'emfP ga'emfPsf] ljj/0f lnO{ dfq ug]{5 . kf6L{sf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:on] cfkm' cfj4 /x]sf] ;+:yfn] tf]s] adf]lhdsf] z'Ns jf ;+:yfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;+:yfut ¿kdf ;xof]u /sd -n]jL_ ga'emfPsf] jf ;DaGwLt ;+:yfsf] cg'zf;g kfngf gu/]sf] elg kf6L{df n]lv cfPdf kf6L{n] To:tfJolQmnfO{ kf6L{sf] dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L lbg] 5}g . z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:on] cfkm' cfj4 /x]sf] ;+:yfnfO{ a'emfpg' kg]{ ;a} k|sf/sf] z'Ns jf /sd ga'emfPsf] cj:yfdf kf6L{n] To:tf ;b:osf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f ug]{5}g . z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:onfO z'e]R5's ;+:yfaf6 sf/jfxL u/L ;b:otfaf6 x6fPsf] cj:yfdf To:tf JolQmsf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f kf6L{n] ug]{5}g .

kl/R5]b–& s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;DaGwL Joj:yf #(=

s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltM -!_ ljwfgsf] wf/f #% adf]lhd kf6L{sf ;a} txsf lgsfo / kbflwsf/Lx¿sf] lgjf{rgsf nflu Ps ;+of]hs / b'O{ ;b:o ;b:o ePsf] s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltsf] u7g x'g]5 . -@_ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltsf nflu Ps ;+of]hs / b'O{ ;b:osf] nflu gfd s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:t't ug]{5 / s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltaf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . – 44 –

-#_

lgjf{rg ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] lawfg adf]lhd ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug]{5 . kf6L{sf] ;a} txsf] lgjf{rg ;DkGg ug{ lgjf{rg ;ldltn] kf6L{sf] lgsfo tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿af6 cfjZos ;xof]u lng ;Sg]5 . -$_ s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltn] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltaf6 :jLs[t u/fO{ lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsf agfO{ nfu' ug]{5, ;f] lgb]{lzsf lgodfjnL ;/x nfu' x'g]5 . ;fy} lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsfsf] kfngf ug{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ;a} ;b:osf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -%_ lgjf{rg k|of]hgsf lgldQ s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ kf6L{sf ;a} lgsfo, eft[;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfx¿sf] st{Jo x'g]5 . -^_ lgjf{rgsf] qmddf lgjf{rg lgb]{lzsf pNn+3g u/]df s]Gb|Lo lgjf{rg ;ldltn] cg'zf;g ;ldltn] ug]{ sfjf{xL tyf ;hfoF ug{ ;Sg]5 .

kl/R5]b–* cfrf/ ;+lxtf $)= cfrf/ ;+lxtfM kf6L{sf ;a} txsf ;b:ox¿sf cfr/0f / Jojxf/nfO{ :jR5 / dof{lbt agfO{ /fVg tyf kf6L{sf] 5ljnfO{ lg/Gt/ ¿kdf nf]slk|o / ljZj;gLo agfO{ /fVg kf6L{sf k|To]s ;b:on] b]xfoadf]lhd cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] kfngf ug'{kg]{5— -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf k|To]s ;b:on]– -s_ g]kfnsf lhDd]jf/ gful/ssf ¿kdf /xg'kb{5 . -v_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg / o; cGtu{t ag]sf lgodfjnL tyf lgb]{lzsfsf]] kfngf ug'{kb{5 . -u_ kf6L{ ljwfg cGtu{t clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf clwsf/Ln] u/]sf] lg0f{o jf lgb]{zgsf] kfngf ug'{kb{5 . t/ o; Joj:Yffn] kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt, lg0f{o / sfo{z}nLnfO{ kl/dflh{t ug]{ ;b\lgotaf6 tyf kf6L{nfO{ x/t/xaf6 ;'b[9 ug]{ dg;fon] ljrf/ JoQm ug{ jfwf kf/]sf] dflgg] 5}g . – 45 –

-3_ -@_

g]kfnL -s_ -v_ -u_ -3_ -ª_ -r_

-#_

g]kfnL -s_

-v_ -u_

cfkm\gf] lhDd]jf/Ldf /x]sf kf6L{sf] uf]kgLo ljifo / ;fdu|LnfO{ k"0f{ ;+/If0f ug'{kb{5 . sf+u|];sf k|To]s ;b:on]– ;fj{hlgs jf ;/sf/L jf kf6L{sf] rn crn ;d]tsf s'g} klg ;DklQ b'¿kof]u ug'{ x'Fb}g . kbLo k|efjsf] cfwf/df lghL nfe k|fKt ug]{ / u/fpg nufpg] vfnsf] sfd ug{ x'Fb}g . kf6L{af6 clwsf/ k|fKt lgsfo jf clwsf/Lsf] :jLs[lt k|fKt gu/L kf6L{sf lglDt ;xof]u lng' jf u|x0f ug'{ x'Fb}g . ;fj{hlgs kb u|x0f ug]{ JolSt jf clwsf/LnfO{ sfg"g ljk/Ltsf] sfd ug{ / u/fpg bjfj lbg x'Fb}g . kf6L{sf] k|lti7fnfO{ xflg k'Ug] u/L ;fj{hlgs :yndf kf6L{sf] cfGtl/s ljjfbsf] ljifonfO{ cdof{lbt rrf{sf] ljifo agfpg' x'Fb}g . gful/ssf] dof{bf cg's'n cfr/0f kfngf ug'{ eft[ tyf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf ;b:ox¿ ;d]tsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . sf+u|];sf k|To]s ;b:on]– nfesf] kbdf /xFbf cfkm\gf] / cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] gfddf /x]sf] ;DklQsf] ljj/0f kf6L{ sfof{nodf k]z ug'{kg]{5 / jif]{gL To;nfO{ cBfjlws ug'{kg]{5 . kl/jf/ eGgfn], cfkm" / cfˆgf] c+z g5'§fOPsf] ;uf]nsf] klt jf kTgL, 5f]/f, cljjflxt 5f]/L, tyf ;uf]nsf afa'–cfdf, bfh'–efOx¿ / cljjflxt lbbL– alxgLx¿nfO{ ;Demg'kb{5 . cfkm\gf] ;DklQsf] ;|f]t v'nfO{ kf6L{sf] cfrf/;+lxtf tyf cg'zf;g ;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kg]{5 . lgod–sfg"g ljk/Lt Pj+ cg'lrt 9Ën] cfly{s nfe k|fKt ug'{x'Fb}g . – 46 –

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-%_

rf8–kj{, ljjfx, j|taGw h:tf ;fdflhs Jojxf/ lgjf{x ubf{ t8s e8s Pj+ kmh'n vr{ ug'{ x'Fb}g / To:tf sfo{nfO{ lg¿T;flxt ug'{kb{5 . -ª_ s;}sf] s'g} sfo{df ;xof]u k'¥ofO lbP jfkt cfly{s nfe lng'x'Fb}g . -r_ s;}sf] klg rl/q xTof x'g] / dof{bf eË x'g] cleJolQm k|s6 ug'{x'Fb}g . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf k|To]s ;b:on] kf6L{n] efu lnPsf] lgjf{rgdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] st{Jo kfngf ug'{kb{5– -s_ kf6L{n] cflwsfl/s ¿kdf v8f u/]sf] pDd]bjf/ afx]s cGo kf6L{ jf JolQmnfO{ nfe tyf cfkm\gf] kf6L{nfO{ xflg x'g] u/L s'g} klg lsl;dsf] lqmofsnfk ug'{x'Fb}g . -v_ kf6L{ / kf6L{sf] cflwsfl/s pDd]bjf/sf] ;kmntfsf nflu bQlrQ eO{ cf–cfkm\gf] If]qaf6 k|oTgzLn x'g'kb{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf k|To]s ;b:on]– -s_ kf6L{n] ;'Dk]sf] sfd Odfgbf/Lk"j{s ug'{kb{5 . kf6L{n] ljz]if sfd jf lhDd]jf/L g;'Dk]sf] cj:yfdf klg kf6L{sf] cfbz{, l;4fGt, gLltnfO{ 6]jf k'Ug] sfd cf–cfkm\gf] Ifdtf / x}l;ot cg';f/ ub}{ hfg'k5{ . -v_ kf6L{ jf kf6L{sf tkm{af6 s'g} klg lgsfodf sfo{/t kf6L{sf kbflwsf/L jf ;b:on] cfkm"nfO{ ;'Dk]sf] lhDd]jf/L lgikIftfk"j{s ;DkGg ug'{kb{5 . -u_ kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt, sfo{qmd / :yfgLo cfjZostf cg's"n x'g] u/L :yfgLo txsf lgjf{lrt lgsfox¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug'{kb{5 . -3_ kf6L{sf lj¿4 nufOg] em"6f cf/f]kx¿sf lj¿4 ;fj{hlgs ¿kdf zflGtk"0f{ Pj+ k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] k|ltjfb ug'{kb{5 . – 47 –

-ª_

-^_

kf6L{åf/f cfof]lht sfo{qmddf ;lqmo ¿kdf ;xefuL x'g'kb{5 . -r_ cf–cfkm\gf] lhNnf, gu/ jf ufpF / j8fdf ;fdflhs r]tgf / hfu/0f a9fpg'k5{ tyf ;]jfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿df ;lqmotfsf ;fy ;xefuL aGg'kb{5 . -5_ kof{j/0fsf] ;'/Iff, j[If/f]k0f tyf wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts Pj+ P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f ug{ lqmofzLn /xg'kb{5 . -h_ dlxnf, afnaflnsf, ls;fg / dhb"/, ckfË Pj+ cfly{s, ;fdflhs / z}lIfs b[li6n] k5fl8 k/]sf ju{x¿sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0fdf lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /xg'kb{5 . -em_ :yfgLo lgsfosf] s'g} klg kbdf lgjf{lrt kf6L{ ;b:on] kf6L{sf] gLlt / sfo{qmd cg';f/ cfr/0f / Jojxf/ ug'{kb{5 . ;fy} cfkm" ;+nUg ePsf] :yfgLo lgsfosf] ultljlwsf af/]df ;dsIfL kf6L{ lgsfonfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg'kb{5 . -`_ ;do ;dodf kf6L{åf/f lgwf{l/t ;xof]u z'Ns lgoldt ¿kdf ;DalGwt kf6L{ lgsfodf a'emfpg'kb{5 . -6_ ;fdflhs lje]b / hftLo ;befjdf vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{sf lj¿4 lg/Gt/ hfu¿s /xg' kg]{5 . -7_ hftLo e]befj, 5'jf5"t / ;fdflhs s'l/tL h:tf ljs[lt x6fpg lg/Gt/ lqmofzLn /xg' kg]{5 . g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;b:on] cfrf/;+lxtf pNnª\3g u/]df– -s_ nfesf] kbdf /x]sf jf kf6L{sf] s'g} klg lgsfosf ;b:on] cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] pNn3+g u/]df g]kfnL sf+u|];sf s'g} klg ;b:on] cfjZos k|df0f / ljj/0f ;lxt s]Gb|Lo – 48 –

-v_

-u_

cg'zf;g ;ldltdf ph'/L ug{ ;Sg] 5 . cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] pNn3+g ;DaGwL ph'/L jf cf/f]ksf] uDeL/tf x]/L, cfjZos 5fgljgsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] Ps 5'§} 5fgljg ;ldlt u7g ug{ ;Sg]5 . h;sf] k|ltj]bgsf cfwf/df cg'zf;g ;ldltn] lg0f{o ug]{5 . 5fgljgsf] cfwf/df cfrf/ ;+lxtf pNn3+g ePsf] 7xl/g uPsf] v08df pNn3+g ug]{ ;b:onfO{ cg'zf;g ;ldltn] lgod $$ adf]lhd ;hfoF ug{ ;Sg]5 .



kl/R5]b–( cg'zf;g ;DaGwL Joj:yf $!=

cg'zf;g pNn+3gdf sfjf{xL x'g]M -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;b:on] kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/sf] lj¿4 pDd]bjf/ ePdf jf To:tf pDd]bjf/sf] ;dy{g jf k|:tfj u/]df lghn] cg'zf;g pNn+3g u/]sf] dflgg] 5 . ;fy} To:tf cg'zf;g pNn+3g ug]{ JolQmsf] lqmofzLn ;b:otf kfFr jif{sf] nflu :jtM ;dfKt x'g]5 . -@_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;b:onfO{ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] cj:yfdf cg'zf;gsf] sfjf{xL u/L ;hfo ug{ ;Sg]5 . -s_ kf6L{sf] lgb]{zgsf] kfngf gu/]df . -v_ kf6L{sf] cfrf/ ;+lxtf pNn3+g u/]df . -u_ g}lts ktg b]lvg] kmf}Hbf/L cleof]udf cbfntjf6 bf]ifL k|dfl0ft ePdf . -3_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{nfO{ k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf xfgL gf]S;fgL k'¥ofPdf . -ª_ k6s k6s cg'zf;gsf] pNn3+g u/]df . -r_ k6s k6s ;r]t u/fpFbf klg g;'w|]df . – 49 –

kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/sf] lj¿4 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf ¿kdf lj/f]w jf k|rf/–k|;f/ u/]df . -h_ s;}sf] klg rl/q xTof x'g], dof{bf e+u x'g], ;fDk|bflos ;befj ljyf]Ng], ;Ddfgdf rf]6 k'Ug] / ljt[i0ff km}ng] vfnsf] cleJolQm k|s6 u/]df . -em_ lgod sfg"g ljkl/t Pj+ cg'lrt 9+un] cfly{s nfe k|fKt u/]df . -5_

$@=

cg'zf;g kfngf geP ph'/L lbg ;lsg]M -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg / o; lgodfjnLsf] pNn3+g s'g} ;b:on] u/]sf] eGg] ;"rgf s'g} ;b:on] lbPdf jf cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6 hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf b]xfoadf]lhdsf] kf6L{ lgsfo jf ;b:on] sf/0f / cfwf/ vf]nL To:tf ;b:o pk/ sfjf{xLsf] nflu s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldlt ;dIf cfjZos ljj/0f ;lxt l;kmfl/z u/L k7fpg ;Sg]5 . -s_ ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt, -v_ If]qLo sfo{;ldlt, -u_ lhNnf sfo{;ldlt, -3_ ;+;bLo bn -;f+;bx¿af6 ;+;bleq ePsf ultljlwsf nflu_ -ª_ kf6L{sf] s'g} kbflwsf/L jf ;b:o . -@_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg s'g} ;|f]taf6 ;f]em} s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldlt ;dIf kf6L{sf ;b:on] cfrf/ ;+lxtf tyf cg'zf;gsf] pNnª\3g u/]sf] hfgsf/L x'g cfPdf ;ldlt :jo+n] sf/jfxL cufl8 a9fpg ;Sg]5 . -#_ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] ljwfg / lgodfjnLsf] cwLgdf /xL tLg dlxgfleq ph'/L pk/ 5fgljg u/L lg0f{o ug]{5 . -$_ s'g} klg ;b:onfO{ sf/jfxL ug'{cl3 s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] b]xfoadf]lhdsf] k|lqmof ckgfpg]5— – 50 –

-s_ :ki6Ls/0f dfUg] . -v_ cfjZos b]lvPdf 5fgljgsf nflu ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ lemsfpg jf :ynut hfFha'emfsfnflu cflwsfl/s k|ltlglw v6fpg] . -%_ pklgod -$_ cg';f/ sf/jfxL ubf{ ;kmfOsf] plrt df}sf lbg'kg]{5 . -^_ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v]df h;sf pk/ ph'/ k/]sf] 5 To:tf ;b:onfO{ lg0f{o geP;Ddsfnflu lgnDag u/L sf/jfxL rnfpg ;Sg]5 . -&_ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cfkm\gf] clwsf/ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltnfO{ k|Tofof]hg u/L s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltsf] s'g} sfd ;Dkfbg ug{ u/fpg ;Sg]5 . -*_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg kf6L{n] efu lnPsf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/ ePsf] JolQmsf] lj¿4 k|rf/ k|;f/ u/]df jf kf6L{sf] pDd]bjf/sf] lj¿4 pDd]bjf/ ePsf] jf cGo s'g} pDd]bjf/sf] k|:tfjs ;dy{s ePdf jf k|;f/ k|;f/df ;l/s ePsf] JolQmnfO{ If]qLo ;ldltsf] l;kmfl/;df lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] tTsfn lgnDag ug{ ;Sg]5 . t/ o; lgod adf]lhdsf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u If]qLo ;ldlt tyf lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] ;DalGwt lgjf{rg ;DkGg ePkl5 k|of]u ug{ kfpg] 5}g . -(_ cgzf;g ;ldltsf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'emg] ;b:o jf kbflwsf/L n] ;'rgf kfPsf] ldlt n] #% lbg leq s]lGb|o sfo{ ;ldltdf k'g/fj]bg lbg ;Sg]5 / s]lGb|o sfo{ ;ldltsf] lg0f{o clGtd x'g]5 . $#=

lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldlt tyf lhNnf n]vf kl/If0f ;ldltM -!_ lhNNff cg'zf;g ;ldltsf] u7g / sfd, st{Jo tyf clwsf/ b]xfoadf]lhd x'g]5— -s_ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltsf nflu Ps hgf ;+of]hs / b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿sf nflu – 51 –

lhNnf ;efkltn] lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf ;b:ox¿dWo]af6 lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 . -v_ s'g} ;b:on] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg / o; lgodfjnLsf] pNn3+g u/]sf] egL ph'/L k/]df jf hfgsf/L k|fKt ePdf lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] tf]s] adf]lhd k|f/lDes sfjf{xL ug{ ;Sg]5 . -u_ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltdf b]xfosf kbflwsf/L tyf ;b:on] ph'/ ug{ ;Sg]5g\– -c_ lqmofzLn ;b:o, -cf_ ufpF j8f sfo{;ldlt, -O_ gu/ j8f jf gu/ jf ufpF sfo{;ldlt, -O{_ Onfsf ;ldlt, -p_ If]qLo sfo{;ldlt . -3_ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cfkm" ;dIf kg{ cfPsf ph'/L / cGo s'g} ;|f]taf6 ;f]em} hfgsf/L x'g cfPsf cfrf/ ;+lxtf / cg'zf;g pNnª\3gsf ;DaGwdf 5fgljg u/L cfkm\gf] lg0f{o ;lxt s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldlt ;dIf n]vL k7fpg]5 . -ª_ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] 5fgljg / lg0f{o ubf{ ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;'gjfO{sf] df}sf lbg'kg]{5 . -r_ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] k|Tofof]hg u/]sf] sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/ adf]lhd lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cGo cfjZos sf/jfxL ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ of] lgodfjnLdf cGoq h];'s} n]lvPsf] ePtfklg lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] ;'g'jfOsf] df}sf lbO{ ;s]df ;b:onfO{ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] k'gM ;'g'jfO{sf] df}sf lbO/xg' kg]{ 5}g . – 52 –



-#_ ljwfg, lgodfjnL tyf s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] k|lqmof;Fu gaflemg] u/L lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cGo k|lqmof cfkm} lgwf{/0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . -$_ lhNnf n]vf kl/If0f ;ldlt lhNnf n]vf kl/If0f ;ldltsf nflu Ps hgf ;+of]hs / b'O{ hgf ;b:ox¿sf nflu lhNnf ;efkltn] lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] a}7sdf k|:tfj ug]{5 / / a}7saf6 cg'df]bg x'g' kg]{5 .

$$= ;hfoF ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ sf/jfxLdf k/]sf ;b:ox¿dWo] :ki6Ls/0f g} glbg] jf tf]lsPsf] cjlwleq :ki6Ls/0f lbP klg ;Gtf]ifhgs ¿kdf :ki6Ls/0f glbg] ;b:onfO{ s;"/sf] dfqf / uDeL/tfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] b]xfoadf]lhd s'g} Ps ;hfoFsf] lg0f{o u/L s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltnfO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg]5 . -s_ ;r]t u/fpg] . -v_ kf6L{sf] sfd, sfjf{xL ug{af6 k|ltaGw nufpg] . -u_ kf6L{sf] ;b:otf lgnDagdf /fVg] . -3_ kf6L{sf] ljleGg txsf] kbdf lglZrt ;do;Dd pDd]bjf/L lbg gkfpg] . -ª_ kf6L{sf] ;b:otfaf6 a9Ldf # jif{ ;Dd lg:sf;g ug]{ . -@_ lgod #^ sf] pklgod -!_ sf] v08 -s_, -v_ -u_ / -3_ df pNn]lvt ;hfoF kfPsf] ;b:on] k'gM ;f]xL s;"/ u/]sf] 7x/]df To:tf] ;b:onfO{ cGo s'g} pko'Qm ;hfoF ug{ jf kf6L{ ;b:otfaf6 ;d]t lgisfzg ug{ ;lsg]5 . $%=

k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ lhNnf cg'zf;g ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{o pk/ lrQ ga'‰g] kIfn] lrQ ga'em]sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L k}tL+; lbgleq s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldlt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 . -@_ s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] u/]sf] lg0f{odf lrQ ga'em]sf] Joxf]/f pNn]v u/L #% -k}+tL;_ lbgleq s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt ;dIf k'g/fj]bg ug{ ;Sg]5 . – 53 –

-#_ k'g/fj]bg ug]{ Dofb ;hfoF kfPsf] ;b:on] lhNnf jf s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltsf] lg0f{o ;lxtsf] k|ltlnlk k|fKt u/]sf] jf s]Gb|n] To; ;DaGwdf ;"rgf k|sflzt u/]sf] ldltaf6 k|f/De ePsf] dflgg]5 . . -$_ pklgod -!_ cg';f/ k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgsf] lsgf/f ;fdfGotM b'O{ dlxgfleq s]Gb|Lo cg'zf;g ;ldltn] ug]{5 . pklgod -@_ cg';f/ k/]sf] k'g/fj]bgsf] lsgf/f ;fdfGotof tLg dlxgfleq s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] ug]{5 . -%_ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] k'g/fj]bgsf] sf/jfxL / lsgf/f ug]{ k|lqmof s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldlt cfkm}n] lgwf{/0f u/] adf]lhd x'g]5 . -^_ k'g/fj]bg ;DaGwL clGtd lg0f{osf] clen]v ;DalGwt ;b:osf] btf{ lstfasf] s}lkmot dxndf hgfO{ /flvg]5 .

kl/R5]b–!) sfof{no ;DaGwL Joj:yf $^=

s]Gb|Lo sfof{no ;DjGwL Joj:yfM -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no sf7df8f}+ pkTosfleq /xg]5 . s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no cGoq ;fg{ ;lsg]5 . -@_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf nflu cfjZos sd{rf/Lsf] lgo'lQm / x]/km]/ s]Gb|Lo ;efkltaf6 x'g]5 . sd{rf/Lsf] ;]jf ;'ljwf;DaGwL Joj:yf kf6L{sf] lg0f{ocg';f/ x'g]5 . -#_ kf6L{sf] ;]jfaf6 cjsf; k|fKt ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] lg0f{o u/]cg';f/sf] Psd'i6 pkbfg k|bfg ug]{5 .

$&=

d'Vo ;lrj ;DjlGw Joj:yfM -!_ d'Vo ;lrjsf] lgo'lQm ;efkltn] ug]{5 . – 54 –

-@_

d'Vo ;lrjsf] kbfjlw s]Gb|Lo ;efkltn] rfx] cg';f/ x'g]5 . -#_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf d'Vo ;lrj s]Gb||Lo sfof{nosf] k|zf;lgs k|d'vsf] ¿kdf /xg]5g / sfof{no;+u ;DjlGwt b}lgs k|zf;lgs, cfly{s, ;'/Iff nufot cGo ;Dk"0f{ sfd sf/jfO{sf] nflu lhDd]jf/ / hjfkmb]xL x'g]5g . -$_ d'Vo ;lrj s]Gb|Lo ;efklt, dxfdGqL / l;+uf] s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltk|lt hjfkmb]lx / pQ/bfoL x'g]5g . s]Gb|Lo kbflwsf/L Pj+ ;b:ox¿nfO{ cfjZos ;"rgf pknJw u/fpg' d'Vo ;lrjsf] st{Jo x'g]5 . $*= s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf zfvf ;DaGwL Joj:yfM -!_ b]xfoadf]lhdsf] sfdsf nflu d'Vo ;lrjsf] dftxtdf /xg] u/L s]Gb|Lo sfof{nodf b]xfoadf]lhdsf zfvfx¿ /xg]5g\ . -s_ clen]v zfvfM ;a} k|sf/sf] clen]v, 3f]if0ffkq, ljwfg, lgodfjnL, lj1lKt, ;"rgf, cflbsf] /]s8{ cBfjlws ¿kdf /fVg] sfd clen]v zfvfn] ug]{5 . -v_ k|]; zfvfM b}lgs ;"rgf ;+sng, sDKo'6/, k|];, kmf]6f]skL d]zLg cflbsf] sfo{ o; zfvfn] ug]{5 . s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosftkm{af6 hf/L ug{'kg]{ lj1lKt tyf jStJo k|sfzgsf] Joj:yf ug]{5 . -u_ k|zf;g zfvfM s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] b}lgs k|zf;g, :6f]/, dd{t, ;'/Iff / ;Def/ cflb x]g]{ sfo{ o; zfvfn] ug]{5 . -@_ s]Gb|Lo sfof{non] kf6L{sf] b}lgs sfo{sf cltl/Qm s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltaf6 u7g ePsf ljefu, ;ldltsf] sfo{x¿df ;xof]u ug'{kg]{5 . To:tf sfo{sf nflu d'Vo ;lrjn] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] 5 .

– 55 –

kl/R5]b–!! ljljw $(=

cfdlGqt ;b:o x'g]M -!_ k|To]s lhNnfdf ;f] lhNnf ;+u ;DjGwLt s]lGb|o sfo{ ;ldltsf] ;b:o, kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 pDd]bjf/ eO{ lgjf{lrt ;f+;b tyf kl5Nnf] ;+;bsf] lgjf{rgdf kf6L{sf] tkm{af6 pDD]bjf/ eO{ xf/]sf] JolQm lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] :yfoL cfdlGqt ;b:o /xg]5g\ . -@_ kf6L{sf] ;j} txsf ;efkltn] ;DjGwLt sfo{;ldltdf cfjZostf cg';f/ j9Ldf bz hgf ;Dd cfdlGqt ;b:o cfdGq0f ug{ ;Sg]5 . %)=

clegGbg / pT;fxjw{g ul/g]M s'g} ;b:on] kf6L{sf] l;4fGt, gLlt / sfo{qmd cGtu{t hgtfsf] ;]jf / kf6L{sf] k|lti7f a9fpg] sfd u/]sf], kf6L{ cfrf/ ;+lxtfsf] kl/kfng u/L hgtfdf leh]/ >4f kfPsf] ljlzi6 l:ylt b]lvPdf o:tf ;b:o jf lgsfosf] plrt clegGbg / pT;fxaw{gsf nflu s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltsf ;dIf kf6L{sf lgsfon] l;kmfl/; ug{ ;Sg]5 . ;fy} :yfgLo txdf ;d]t ;Ddfg tyf clegGbg ug{ ;lsg]5 .

%!=

;f+;bn] lgjf{rgdf efu lng kfpg] Joj:yfM kf6L{ lgsfodf kb]g ;b:o x'g] ;+f;bn] dxflwj]zgsf] k|ltlglw jf dxf;ldltsf] ;b:o kbsf] lgjf{rgdf ;l/s x'Fbf cfkm\gf] dtbftf gfdfjnL ePsf] lgjf{rg If]q jf cfkm" pDd]bjf/ eO{ lgjf{lrt ePsf] If]qdWo] s'g} Pp6f If]qsf] lgjf{rgdf dfq ;l/s x'g kfpg]5 . o;sf] k"j{ hfgsf/L lhNnf lgjf{rg ;ldlt jf clw[st ;dIf lbg'kg]{5 .

%@=

j8f ;ldltsf] u7g k|lqmofM ufpF, gu/ jf gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltn] j8f jf 6f]n ;ldlt u7g ubf{ oyf;Dej ljleGg e|ft[;+:yfx¿sf] k|ltlglwnfO{ ;d]t dgf]gLt ug'{kg]{5 . If]qLo sfo{;ldltsf] ljz]if Joj:yfM lgjf{rg If]q x]/ km]/ eO{

%#=

– 56 –

If]qLo clwj]zg gx'Fbfsf] cj:yfdf ljwfg adf]lhd lgjf{rg gx'Fbf;Dd s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] tf]s]sf] JolQmsf] ;+of]hsTjdf If]qLo sfo{;ldlt u7g ug]{5 . %$=

5fkM ljwfgsf] wf/f $* cg';f/ kf6L{sf] ljleGg lgsfosf] 5fksf] gd"gf cg';"rL – * df lbP cg';f/ x'g]5 .

%%=

ljwfg ;+zf]wg k|:tfjsf] 9fFrfM ljwfgsf] wf/f $^ cg';f/ ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] k|:tfj ubf{ cg';"rL – ( df lbOPsf] 9fFrfdf k|:t't ug'{kg]{5 .

%^=

;"rgf k|fKt u/]sf] dflgg]M -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ kf6L{n] cg'zf;g ;DaGwL sfjf{xL ug'{ cl3 ;kmfOsf] df}sf lbg k7fOg] ;"rgf ;DalGwt ;b:o JolQmnfO{ hxfF;'s} klg a'emfpg ;lsg]5 . ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ g} a'emfpg g;lsg] cj:yfdf To:tf] ;b:osf] ;b:otf k|fKt ubf{ pNn]v u/]sf] 7]ufgfdf /lhi6«/L u/L k7fOg]5 . To:tf] 7]ufgfdf /lhi6«/L u/L k7fPsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq ;DalGwt ;b:o JolQm pkl:yt x'g'kg]{5 . To:tf] ;"rgfsf] hgfp ;DalGwt lhNnf ;ldltnfO{ klg lbOg]5 . ;"rgfsf] Dofb k7fPsf] #% lbgleq ;DalGwt ;b:o JolQm pkl:yt geP klg lghn] ;"rgf kfPsf] dflgg]5 . -@_ pklgod -!_ df h] ;'s} n]lvPsf] eP klg cg'zf;g ;ldltn] cfjZos b]v]df To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf k|sflzt u/L pQm ;"rgfdf Dofb tf]ls pkl:yt x'g cfpg] u/L ;"rgf ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ s'g} ;b:on] ;b:otf k|fKt ubf{sf] 7]ufgf kl/jt{g u/]sf] eP To:tf] kl/jt{g ePsf] ldltn] #% lbgleq cfkm\gf] 7]ufgf kf6L{nfO{ hfgsf/L lbO{ clen]vdf hgfpg'kg]{5 . %&=

u0fk"/s ;+Vof ;DaGwL ljz]if Joj:yfM g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] s]Gb|Lo ljefu tyf lgsfox¿sf] a}7ssf nflu To:tf ljefu jf lgsfosf ;b:odWo] ## k|ltzt ;b:o pkl:yt ePdf a}7ssf] u0fk"/s ;+Vof k'u]sf] dflgg]5 . – 57 –

%*=

lgodfjnLsf] JofVof, ;+zf]wg tyf cg';"rLdf yk36M -!_ of] lgodfjnLsf] clGtd JofVof s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] ug]{5 . t/ o; lgodfjnLsf] JofVof ubf{ JofVof ;DaGwL ;fdfGo l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df ul/g]5 . -@_ s]Gb|Lo sfo{;ldltn] cfjZostf cg';f/ of] lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg jf yk36 tyf o; lgodfjnL adf]lhd cg';"rLdf x]/km]/ ug{ ;Sg]5 . -#_ of] lgodfjnL tyf o; lgodfjnLsf] s'g} lgod jf Joj:yfnfO{ s]Gb|Lo sfo{ ;ldltn] lg0f{o u/L lgnDag ug{, vf/]h ug{ jf ;+zf]wg ug{ ;Sg]5 .

%(= vf/]hL / arfpM -!_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)%* nfO{ vf/]h ul/Psf] 5 . -@_ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)%* adf]lhd eP u/]sf] sfd, sfo{jfxLx¿ o;} lgodfjnL adf]lhd eP u/]sf] dflgg]5 .

– 58 –

lgodfjnLdf pNn]lvt cg';"rLx¿ M– cg';"rL cg';'rL cg';"rL cg';"rL

– – – –

cg';"rL – cg';"rL – cg';"rL cg';"rL cg';"rL cg';'rL

– – – –

! M ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|df0fkq gjLs/0f . @ M ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] JolQmut ljj/0f . # M lqmofzLn ;b:otf kmf/d . #-s_M lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu cfj]bg kmf/d $ M lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq . % M lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] btf{ k|df0fkq -If]qLo ;ldlt / lhNnfx¿df /fVg]_ ^ M lqmofzLn ;b:otf :yfgfGt/0fsf] lgj]bg . & M lqmofzLn ;b:otf :yfgfGt/0fsf] hfgsf/L . * M kf6L{sf] 5fk . ( M ljwfg ;+Zff]wg k|:tfjsf] 9fFrf .

– 59 –

– 60 –

lgj]bg lng] clwsf/Lsf] ;xL

s]Gb|Lo ;efklt

;b:o aGg]sf] ;xL

s]Gb|Lo ;efklt

;b:otf k|bfg ug]{ clwsf/Lsf] ;xL

6f]n === === === === === === a:g] jif{ === sf] tkfO{+ >L === === === === === ==== === === === === === n] /fli6«otf, nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbdf cf:yf Pj+ ljZjf; /fvL kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;lgeq /xL sfd ug{ d~h"/ u/]sfn] z'Ns ¿= !) -bz_ lnO{ g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -;+zf]lwt / kl/dflh{t_ cg';f/ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|bfg ul/G5÷gjLs/0f ul/G5 .

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{no lgod -#_ # cg';f/ ;fwf/0f ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq ldltM === ===

qm=;+= === lhNnf M============== lgjf{rg If]q g+= M=========== uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= M============= j8f g++= M===============

– 60 –

lgj]bssf] ;xL

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{no lgod # -!_ cg';f/ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu lgj]bg kq qm=;+= === ldltM === ==== === === === >Ldfg\ ;efkltHo", === === ==== === === === === === === ;ldlt . g]kfnL sf+u|]; . ljifoM ;fwf/0f ;b:otf kfp . lgj]bs lhNnf === === === === ===, === === === === === === lgjf{rg If]q g+= === uf=lj=;=÷g=kf === === === === === === === === === === === j8f g+= === 6f]n === === === === === === === === === === === ==== a:g] === === === === === ===, === === === === === === === === === ==k]zfdf ;+nUg jif{ === sf] d === === === ==== === === ==== === === ==== === ==== === g]kfnL sf+u|]; kf6L{sf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL adf]lhd ;b:otfsf nflu of]Uo ePsf] cfkm"nfO{ 7fgL k"0f{ lgi7f / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy /fli6«otf, nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbsf] cfbz{ Pj+ l;4fGtdf cf:yf /fVb} kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;g kfngf ug{ d~h"/ eO z'Ns ¿= !)÷– -bz_ a'emfO{ ;fwf/0f ;b:otf kfpg÷gjLs/0fsf nflu of] lgj]bg k]z ub{5' .

;fwf/0f ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu lgj]bgkq / ;fwf/0f ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq -lgod #-!_ / -#_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_

g]kfnL sf+u|];

cg';'rL –!

– 61 –

qm=;+=

;b:otf g+=

;b:otf lnPsf] ldlt

– 61 –

;fwf/0f ;b:osf] k"/f gfd, y/

afa'÷kltsf] gfd, y/

k"/f 7]ufgf

cg';"rL – @ g]kfnL sf+u|]; ;fwf/0f ;b:osf] gfdfjnL btf{ lstfa -lgod $-@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ === === === === === === === ==== ufpF÷gu/, gu/ j8f sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{no, If]q g+= === === lhNnf === ==== === === === === . pd]/

k]zf

lnË

s}lkmot

cg';"rL – # g]kfnL sf+u|]; lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|flKtsf nflu cfj]bgkq -lgod %-!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ kmf]6f]

qmd ;+Vof M === === === != d -gfd_ === === === === ==== === ==== ==== ==== === ==== === k"0f{ lgi7f / Odfgbf/Lk"j{s /fli6«otf, nf]stGq, ;dfhjfbsf cfbz{k|lt ;dlk{t /xFb} ax'njfb ;lxtsf] ax'bnLo nf]stGq tyf ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfndf Gofok"0f{ / ultzLn ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/L ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts tyf cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ k'gLt p2]Zon] kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;g kfngf ug{ d~h'/ eO{ ¿= @))÷– -b'O{ ;o_ z'Ns o;};fy /fvL lqmofzLn ;b:otf kfpg lgDg ljj/0f vf]nL lgj]bg ub{5' . kf6L{sf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL adf]lhd kf6L{ ;b:otfsf nflu cof]Uo x'g] s'g} cj:yf g/x]sf] ljifodf klg hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . ===================== ldlt M === === === = lgj]bssf] ;xL @= JolQmut ljj/0fM– @=!= k"/f gfd, y/M === === === === === === === === === === === === @=@= afa'÷cfdf÷klt÷klTg, sf] gfd, y/M === === === === === === === @=#= 7]ufgf M= === === === === lhNnf, lgjf{rg If]q g+= ===, uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= === === === === === === === ===, j8f g+= === 6f]n M === === === === === === === === ===6]lnkmf]g÷df]jfOn =============================== Od]n M =============================== @=$= pd]/ === === jif{, lnË === === === === === ===, hft === === === === === ===, wd{ === === === ===, efiff === === === === ===k]zf === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === – 62 –

@=%=kl/jf/ ;+VofM afa', cfdf÷>LdtL === == === === ===, 5f]/f === === 5f]/L === === cGo === === === === === @=^=z}lIfs of]Uotf M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === #= cfly{s l:yltsf] ljj/0f -3/, hldg s'g s'g lhNnfdf 5 < cfly{s cfo ;d]t_M– === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === ===

-k]zf / === === === === === ===

$= /fhgLlts ljj/0fM– $=!= kf6L{sf] ;fwf/0f ;b:o ag]sf] ldlt M === === === === === === === === $=@= e|ft[ ;+:yf jf z'e]R5's ;+:yfsf] ;b:o ag]sf] ldlt M === === === $=#=g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] sfo{qmddf ;+nUg /x]sf] sf/0fn] ef]u]sf] oftgf, h]n / lgjf{;g cflbsf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === $=$=ljsf; lgdf{0f / ;fdflhs tyf /rgfTds sfddf ;+nUg /x]sf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === $=%=;+;b\ jf :yfgLo lgjf{rgdf g]kfnL sfFu|];sf pDd]bjf/nfO{ ljho u/fpg ;lqmo /x]sf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === – 63 –

$=^=g]kfnL sfFu|];df ljno ePsf] kf6L{sf] ;b:o eP To;sf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === $=&=kf6L{sf] ljleGg txsf sfo{qmddf ;xefuL ePsf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === $=*=kf6L{nfO{ ;Ifd, ;an / ;'b[9 ;ª\u7g agfpg cGo pNn]vgLo of]ubfgsf] ljj/0f M === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === %= pko{'Qm ljj/0f l7s ;fFrf] xf] . lgj]bs >L÷>LdtL÷;'>L === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === nfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg ug{ of]Uo 7x¥ofO{ === === === === === === === ==== === === ufpF÷gu/, j8f === gu/ sfo{;ldltn] ldlt === === === === === === === ==== === === === df u/]sf] lg0f{o cg';f/ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg ug{ k|:tfj ub{5' . === ==== === === ;efklt === === === === === === === ==== === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f÷gu/ sfo{;ldlt ldlt M === === === === === === sfof{nosf] 5fk M

– 64 –

^= === === === === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f÷gu/ sfo{;ldltn] k|:tfj u/]sf] >L÷>LdtL÷;'>L === === === === === === === ==== === === nfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg l;kmfl/; lbg] egL If]qLo sfo{;ldltn] ldlt === === === === === df u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ k|dfl0ft ub{5' . =============================== ;efklt If]q g+= ===, If]qLo sfo{;ldlt === === === === === === lhNnf .



ldlt M === === === === === === sfof{nosf] 5fk M

&= === === === === === === lhNnf lgjf{rg If]q g+= === sf] If]qLo sfo{;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/]sf >L÷>LdtL÷;'>L === === === === === === === === === === === === nfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg cg'df]bg ug]{ egL lhNnf sfo{;ldltn] ldlt === === === === === === df u/]sf] lg0f{onfO{ k|dfl0ft ub{5' . === === === === === === ;efklt === === === === === === lhNnf sfo{;ldlt . ldlt M === === === === === === sfof{nosf] 5fk M *= pko'+Qm ljj/0f adf]lhdsf >L÷>LdtL÷;'>L === === === === === === === === === === === === nfO{ lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg /Ltk"j{s k|:tfj, – 65 –

l;kmfl/; / cg'df]bg eO{ cfPsf]n] g]kfnL sfFu|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -;+zf]lwt / kl/dflh{t_ sf] wf/f $ sf] pkwf/f -$_ cg';f/ lqmofzLn ;b:otf lbg pko'Qm b]lvPsfn] :jLs[lt k|bfg ul/G5 . === === === === === === ;efklt÷dxfdGqL ldlt M=== === === === === === s]Gb|Lo sfof{nosf] 5fk M

l6Kk0fLM k|To]s kmf/fddf Ps Ps k|lt c6f] ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] 6fF:g' kg]{5 / yk Ps k|lt c6f] ;fOhsf] kmf]6f] ;+nUg x'g'kg]{5 .

– 66 –

cg';"rL – # -s_ g]kfnL sf+u|]; lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0fsf nflu cfj]bgkq lgod %-^_ ;Fu ;DalGwt qmd ;+Vof M === === === === === === != d -gfd_ === == === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === k"0f{ lgi7f / Odfgbf/Lk"j{s /fli6«otf, nf]stGq, ;dfhjfbsf cfbz{k|lt ;dlk{t /xFb} ax'njfb ;lxt ax'bnLo nf]stGq tyf ;+;bLo zf;g k|0ffnLsf] dfWodaf6 g]kfndf Gofok"0f{ / ultzLn ;dfhsf] lgdf{0f u/L ;fdflhs, /fhg}lts tyf cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ k'gLt p2]Zon] kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;g kfngf ug{ d~h'/ eO{ ¿= !))÷– -Ps ;o_ z'Ns o;};fy /fvL lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f u/L kfpg lgDg ljj/0f vf]nL lgj]bg ub{5' . kf6L{sf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL adf]lhd kf6L{ ;b:otfsf nflu cof]Uo x'g] s'g} cj:yf g/x]sf] ljifodf klg hfgsf/L u/fpFb5' . kf6L{sf] ljwfg / lgodfjnL jdf]lhd d]/f] lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] lg/Gt/tf sfod /x]sf] Joxf]/f;d]t cjut u/fpFb5' . ljj/0fM lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq qm=;+= === === ===, gfd === === === === === === === === === === === === , lnË === === xfnsf] pd]/ === === == jif{, lhNnf === ===== ===== === === lgjf{rg If]q ====== ===, uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= === = === ========, j8f g+= === ===, 6f]n === ============ 6]lnkmf]g÷df]jfOn === =================== Od]n ======================== klxnf] k6s lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt u/]sf] ldltM === === === === === lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|fKt ldlt jf kl5Nnf] gjLs/0f ldltb]lv otf cfkm"n] u/]sf /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs sfo{x¿sf] ljj/0f M === === === === – 67 –

=== === === === === === === === === === === === === ====== === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === ====== === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === === ====== === === ==================== lgj]bssf] ;xL ldltM === === === === === === k|:tfj ug]{ === === === === === === -;efklt_ === === === === ufpF÷gu/÷gu/ j8f sfo{;ldlt, j8f g+= ===

l;kmfl/; ug]{ === === === === === === -If]qLo ;efklt_ If]q g+= === === === === === === === lhNnf

ldltM=== === === === === ===

ldltM === === === === === === sfof{nosf] 5fk M

sfof{nosf] 5fk M gjLs/0f ug]{ -;efklt_ === === === === === === lhNnf sfo{;ldlt . ldltM === === === === === === sfof{nosf] 5fk M

l6Kk0fLM of] kmf/fd k|:t't ubf{ cfˆgf] lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq ;d]t k|:t't ug'{kb{5 .

– 68 –

cg';"rL – $ g]kfnL sf+u|]; lqmofzLn ;b:otfsf] k|df0fkq -lgod % -$_ ;u ;DalGwt_

g]kfnL sf+u|]; lqmofzLn ;b:otf afx«f}+ dxflwj]zg

k|df0f—kq gDa/ M gfd M ==================================================================================== lhNnf M =================================================== If]q g+==M ================ uf=lj=;=÷g=kf= ============================================= j8f g+= M =========== x:tfIf/ M ================== ;efklt

lqmofzLn ;b:otf ;DaGwdf cGo s'g} s'/f pNn]v ug'{ k/]df

lhNnf ;efkltsf] gfdM x:tfIf/M ldlt M

– 69 –

>L ================================================= n] /fli6«otf, nf]stGq / ;dfhjfbdf c6'6 cf:yf Pj+ ljZjf; /fvL kf6L{sf] ljwfg / cg'zf;gleq /xL sfd ug'{ePsfn] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg,@)!& -;+zf] lwt / kl/dflh{t_ sf] wf/f $-$_ cg';f/ lqmofzLn ;b:otf k|bfg ul/ G5 . ============ ;efklt

ldlt

lqmofzLn ;b:otf gjLs/0f u/]sf] ljj/0f gjLs/0f ug]{sf] x:tfIf/

– 70 –

sfof{nosf] 5fk

– 71 –

qm= ;+=

;b:otf gDa/

lqmofzLn ;b:osf] k"/f gfd, y/

afa'÷kltsf] gfd, y/

– 71 –

k"/f 7]ufgf

pd]/

k]zf

If]q g+= ===, lhNnf === === === === === === lnË

klxnf] k6s lqmofzLn ;b:o ag]sf] ldlt

cg';"rL – % g]kfnL sf+u|]; lqmofzLn ;b:osf] gfdfjnL btf{ lstfa -lgod % -!@_ ;u ;DalGwt_ === === === === === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f, gu/ sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{no,

s}lkmot

cg';"rL – ^ g]kfnL sf+u|]; 7fpF ;f/L lgj]bg -lgod * -!_ ;Fu ;DalGwt_ >L ;efklt, === === === === === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f÷gu/ sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{no, g]kfnL sfFu|]; . ljifoM 7fpF ;f/L ;DaGwdf . To; ;ldltsf] clen]vdf /x]sf] kf6L{ ;b:otf;DaGwL d]/f] ljj/0f tkl;nsf ljj/0f cg';f/sf] 7fpFdf k7fO ToxfF /x]sf] clen]vaf6 d]/f] gfd x6fO{ ;DalGwt ;a} 7fpFdf hfgsf/L u/fOlbg'x'g cg'/f]w ub{5' . ldltM === === === === === === x:tfIf/ M === === === === == gfd M === === === === === === === === === === === === ;fwf/0f ;b:otf M === === === === === === lqmofzLn ;b:otf qmd;+Vof M === === === === === === ;fljssf] === === === === === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f÷gu/ sfo{;ldlt, If]q g++ == === === === === === lhNnf . xfn ;b:otf ;fg{ rfx]sf] 7fpF === === === === === === lhNnf If]q M ======= =================================================ufpF÷gu/ j8f, gu/ sfo{;ldlt j8f g+= M ========================= 6f]n ============================ af]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{M >L ;efklt, == === === === === === lhNnf ;ldltsf] sfof{no g]kfnL sf+u|]; . – 72 –

– 73 –

;fwf/0f÷lqmofzLn ;b:otf gDa/

;fwf/0f÷lqmofzLn ;b:osf] k"/f gfd, y/

afa'÷kltsf] gfd, y/

k"/f 7]ufgf

xfn 7fp ;f/L ug{ rfx]sf] :yfg j8f g+= === ufp÷gu/ === === === === If]q g+= === lhNnf === === === === ===

pd]/

k]zf

lnË

– 73 –

klxnf] k6s lqmofzLn ;b:o ag]sf] ldlt

s}lkmot

x:tfIf/ M === === === === === === gfd M === === === === === === === === === === === === hfgsf/L u/fpg] clwsf/L ufpF÷gu/j8f÷gu/ ;ldlt÷If]q g+=÷lhNnf ldlt === === === === === ===

af]wfy{ tyf sfof{y{ != >L ;efklt, === === === === === === ufpF÷gu/ j8f g+= ===, gu/ j8f÷sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{no, === === === === === lhNnf, g]kfnL sf+u|]; . @= lgj]bsM >L === === === === === ====== === === === === ====== === === === === ====== === === === === === .

qm=;+

;b:otf /x]sf] ;fljs :yfg j8f g+= === ufp÷gu/ === === === If]q g+= === lhNnf === === === === ===

>L ;efklt === === === === === === lhNnf sfo{;ldltsf] sfof{no, g]kfnL sf+u|]; . o; ufp÷gu/ j8f÷gu/ sfo{;ldltsf] j8f g+= === df /x]sf] tkl;nsf ;b:osf] kf6L{ ;b:otf ;DaGwL ljj/0f o;} ;fy} k7fOPsf] 5 . To; ;ldlt / ;DalGwt dftxtsf lgsfodf ;f] ljj/0f k7fO{ clen]v /fVgsf nflu cg'/f]w ub{5' . lghsf] o; ;ldltdf /x]sf] clen]v ;d]t s§f ePsf] Joxf]/f hfgsf/L u/fpb5' .

cg';"rL – & g]kfnL sf+u|]; 7fp ;/]sf] hgfp lgod *-@_ ;Fu ;DalGwt

– 74 – – 74 –

cg';"rL – * g]kfnL sf+u|]; ljleGg lgsfosf] 5fksf] gd"gf -lgod %$ ;u ;DalGwt_ 5fksf] gd"gf

– 75 –

ldlt M === === === === === ===

qm=;+=

Gfd

If]q g+=

lhNnf

x:tfIf/

– 75 –

qm=;+=

k|:tfjs -dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx¿_

gfd

If]q g+=

lhNnf

;dy{s -dxflwj]zg k|ltlglwx¿_ x:tfIf/

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] ljwfg, @)!& -;+zf]lwt / kl/dflh{t_ nfO{ ;+zf]wg ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsf]n] lgDg adf]lhdsf] ;+Zff]wg k|:tfj k|:t't u/]sf 5f}+ . qmd ;+Vof ;+zf]wg wf/f jf pkwf/f xfn ePsf] Joxf]/f ;+zf]wgsf] Joxf]/f ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{ sf/0f

>Ldfg\ ;efkltHo", g]kfnL sf+u|]; .

cg';'rL – ( g]kfnL sf+u|]; -ljwfg ;+zf]wg ug]{ k|:tfj k|:t't ug]{ 9frf_ -lgod %% ;Fu ;DalGwt_

– 76 –

g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] lgodfjnL, @)^*

g]kfnL sf+u|]; s]Gb|Lo sfof{n