TABLE OF CONTENT

- WOOF TO WOLF - EVOLUTION OF DOG - HOW COME DOGS BECOME MEN’S BEST FRIEND - 10 SCIENCE BENIFITS OF HAVING THE DOG - TIPS TO TRAIN YOUR DOG - TOILET TRAINING FOR DOG - DOG GROOMING TIPS INTRODUCTION What is pet? A pet, or companion animal, is an animal kept primarily for a person’s company or entertainment rather than as a working animal, livestock, or a laboratory animal. Popular pets are often considered to have attractive appearances, intelligence, and relatable personalities, but some pets may be taken in on an altruistic basis (such as a stray animal) and accepted by the owner regardless of these characteristics

WOLF TO WOOF

It was originally believed the first domesticated wolves appeared around 15,000 years ago in the Middle East. New evidence, however, suggests it was much earlier than that. Swedish geneticist Pontus Skoglund published a study last year in the journal Current Biology, describing his findings of a 35,000-year-old Siberian wolf bone. He concluded that canine domestication may have first occurred 27,000 to 40,000 years ago. Evolution of Dogs Scientists believe wolves were first attracted to human camps to scavenge for leftover food. Over time, some wolves started traveling with the nomadic humans and a sort of natural selection for domestication occurred. It takes six to eight generations to domesticate a canine, according to a 40-year experiment that began in the late 1950s by Russian researcher Dmitri K. Belyaev.

So how come dog being your best friend The term ‘a dog is a man’s best friend’ was first used way back in 1789 by King Frederick of Prussia. He claimed to say, “the only, absolute and best friend that a man has, in this selfish world, the only one that will not betray or deny him, is his Dog.” Beginning from benefical relationship, humans and dogs have develop becoming a companionship, and there is even a sciencetific explaination behind it that we’ve provide on the next page.

10 science benefits of having the dog By Kaitlyn Arford 1. Dogs make us feel less alone A national survey of pet owners and non-pet owners by the Human Animal Bond Research Institute found that 85 percent of respondents believe that interaction with pets can help address social isolation. 2. Dogs are good for your heart Owning a dog can help you live longer. A comprehensive review of studies published between 1950 and 2019 found that dog owners had a lower risk of death. Studies suggest that dog owners have lower blood pressure levels and improved responses to stress. 3. Dogs help you stop stressing out Scientists at Washington State University discovered that just 10 minutes petting a dog can have a significant impact. Study participants had a significant reduction in cortisol, a major stress hormone. 4. Dogs help us cope with crisis Purdue University’s College of Veterinary Medicine discovered that military veterans with PTSD do better both physiologically and psychologically when they have a service dog. Veterans with a service dog had significantly fewer symptoms of PTSD and showed improved coping skills. 5. Dogs encourage you to move A 2019 British study discovered that dog owners are nearly four times more likely than non-dog owners to meet daily physical activity guidelines. Dog owners spend nearly 300 minutes every week walking with their dogs. That’s 200 more minutes walking than people without a pup of their own.

6. Dogs make you more attractive—even virtually In a series of studies, men were more likely to get a woman’s phone number when they had a dog with them. In another study, researchers asked individuals to rate people in photographs and found that people looked happier and more relaxed when they appeared with a dog. 7. Dogs make us more social Researchers have found that about 40 percent of dog owners had an easier time making friends. Dogs are the perfect way to get to know strangers and form new friendships. 8. Dogs are so adorable they make us love them There’s a reason why puppies are so irresistible: a dog’s facial features possess an “infant schema. These trigger an innate caregiver response in humans. So the next time you can’t stop watching that dog video, know those big eyes and floppy ears are scientifically appealing.v 9. Dogs make us happier A 2009 study in Japan found that staring into your dog’s eyes raises your level of oxytocin, also known as the “love hormone.” Besides the general health benefits of owning a dog, they are natural mood boosters. 10. Dogs help seniors with cog nitive function and social interaction One study found that pet therapy improves the cognitive function of residents with mental illness in long-term care. Another showed significant decreases in agitated behaviors in seniors with dementia and improved social interactions.

“Over the years I have felt the truest, purest love—the love of God, really, I imagine that’s what God’s love feels like—is the love that comes from your dog.” -Oprah Winfre

Tips to train your dog 1. Keep your dog’s temperament in mind -All dogs have different temperaments. Just like kids, different breeds learn differently and at different rates 2. Give immediate rewards - You must praise or reward your dog within 2 seconds of a desired behavior to reinforce that behavior 3. Train on an empty stomach -Don’t feed as large a meal as usual a few hours before training your dog. The more your dog wants the treat, the more focused s/he’ll be on the task s/he needs to perform to get it 4. Always end training on a positive note -Even if the training session did not go well and your dog didn’t catch on to a new command, end on something that you can praise him/her for 4.Be consistent. -Your dog won’t understand what you want from him/her if his/ her environment lacks consistency 5. Take your dog on regular walks with a leash -This is important not just for training, but for his/her physical and mental health.

1.Take them to the correct place so that you can reward them when they go. Try to take them to the same place each time. 2.When they begin to toilet, use a verbal cue they can associate with the correct behaviour eg. ‘toilet’. 3.When they’ve finished, reward them immediately, every time, with lots of praise, treats and play 4. Before going back inside, walk your dog around or play for a bit. This way they don’t learn that going to the toilet ends time outside, which could mean that they hold onto the last minute before going 5. If you notice your dog about to go in the wrong place, interrupt them but in a way that doesn’t punish them, e.g. calling their name. Take them calmly towards the correct place and give them lots of praise when they toilet there. Don’t shout, otherwise your dog may learn that it’s only safe to go when you’re not around Toilet training tips

1.BRUSH THEIR COATS TO KEEP THEIR FUR AND SKIN HEALTHY AND CLEAN using a metal comb to get down to the skin and locate any matts that may be starting to remove dirt, debris, dead hair and unpleasant odors from the coat and the skin. It distributes the natural oils, making your dog’s coat shiny and healthy. 2. BRUSH THEIR TEETH ATLEAST ONCE A DAY Ideally, you should brush your dog’s teeth daily, but even 2 – 3 times a week makes a big difference. Use only toothpaste made especially for dogs. Use a child’s toothbrush so it’s softer on the dog’s gums, but a lot of people have good luck with the rubber finger brush. 3. TRIM THEIR NAILS Some may require trimming every 2 weeks, and some can wait a full 6 weeks. Nail trimming is everyone’s least favorite task. , you can most-likely get by with just “tipping” the end of the nail to avoiding the doggie drama that often accompanies at-home nail trims. 4. CLEAN THEIR EARS TO PREVENT INFECTION All dogs need their ears cleaned at least monthly but if you have a dog with longer or heavier ears that flop over the ear canal, more frequent ear cleaning is a must. It is not recommended to use cotton swabs deep inside the ear canal, but you can use them to gently clean inside the ear folds on the outer ear flaps. If your dog is a frequent swimmer, it is advisable to clean and dry their ears each time after swimming. DOG GROOMING

5. WASH THEIR FACE TO ELIMINATE BACTERIA Some breeds like bulldogs and shar peis have wrinkles or skin folds on their face. Moisture can accumulate within those folds to set-up the perfect environment for yucky bacteria. Bacteria can then lead to dermatitis or worse, infection. It is important to keep these folds clean and dry. A warm washcloth or even baby wipes will do the trick. 6. CLEAN AROUND THEIR EYES TO REMOVE EYE GOOP Some dogs are prone to accumulating excessive eye “goop”. Excessing tearing or discharge collects in the corners of the eyes and can get crusty. In some cases, dog was terribly prone to eye goop and is recommended to carefully use a flea comb to remove it. Excess discharge can be a symptom of a more serious conjunctivitis. If you see signs of irritation, redness, or a funky smell, we recommend having your vet take a look at it. 7. GIVE THEM A BATH TO KEEP THEM SMELLING GREAT There are a number of doggie towelettes and dry shampoos on the market. Some even contain moisturizers and conditioners to further enhance the health and appearance of your dog’s coat. You use doggie towelettes whenever your dog comes in from outside. It removes outside allergens, dirt, and pee and poop residue.