Narrative Text : Pengertian, Tujuan, Jenis, Generic Structure https://www.kuliahbahasainggris.com/narrative-text/ Oleh KBIDiposting pada 22/10/2021

Narrative text adalah salah satu English text yang yang termasuk dalam Reading skill. Maka tidak heran jika menjadi salah materi yang sering dibahas di kelas bahasa inggris. Materi narrative text juga selalu ada dalam ujian baik itu ujian nasional, ujian masuk perguruan tinggi, maupun TOEFL. Untuk itu pada kesempatan ini KBI akan memberikan materi tentang narrative text. Yak, berikut ini simaklah penjelasannya.

Pengertian Narrative text Narrative text adalah salah satu jenis teks bahasa inggris yang bertujuan untuk menceritakan suatu cerita yang memiliki rangkaian peristiwa kronologis yang saling terhubung.

Tujuan Narrative text The Purpose of Narrative Text is to amuse or to entertain the reader with a story. Narrative text bertujuan untuk menghibur pembaca tentang suatu kisah atau cerita.

Jenis Cerita Narrative Text Jenis cerita dalam narrative text ada banyak: 1. Real-life drama (drama kehidupan nyata) | cerita tentang kehidupan nyata: Elizabeth Queen, Tukang Bubur Naik Haji 2. Fantasy (cerita fantasi) | cerita khayalan yang fiktif: Harry Potter 3. Adventure (cerita petualangan) | cerita peluatangan/perjalanan 4. Science fiction (cerita fiksi ilmiah) | cerita yang membahas tentang pengaruh sains dan teknologi yang diimajinasikan terhadap masyarakat dan para individual: Frankenstein 5. Mystery (cerita misteri) | cerita misteri adalah cerita tentang sesuatu yang belum diketahui dengan pasti dan menarik keingintahuan orang-orang dan biasanya tentang kejadian horor atau supranatural: hilangnya kapal dan pesawat di Segitiga Bermuda 6. Classic (cerita klasik) | cerita klasik adalah cerita kuno yang tak kenal batasan waktu bisa dinikmati hingga seribu tahun dari sekarang: Wayang 7. Fairy tale (cerita dongeng) | cerita turun-temurun seperti pernah terjadi, ceritanya imajinatif dan fiktif misalnya tentang binatang dan tumbuhan berbicara: Pinokio 8. Legend (cerita legenda) | cerita rakyat zaman dahulu yang berkaitan dengan peristiwa dan asal usul terjadinya suatu tempat: Tangkuban Perahu 9. Myth (cerita mitos) | cerita rakyat jaman dulu tentang alam semesta (seperti penciptaan dunia dan keberadaan makhluk di dalamnya), serta dianggap benar-benar terjadi oleh: Nyi Roro Kidul 10. Fable (cerita binatang) | cerita fiksi berupa dongeng yang menggambarkan budi pekerti manusia yang diibaratkan pada binatang: Si Kancil

Ciri-ciri Narrative Text 1. Isi teks Isi teks ataupun karangan membahas mengenai cerita, peristiwa dan kisah tertentu yang terdiri dari beberapa susunan paragraf, serta menggunakan gaya bahasa yang naratif atau menceritakan sesuai dengan urutan waktu. Cerita yang dibuat mempunyai kronologi atau urutan secara jelas, mulai dari awal cerita sampai dengan akhir cerita. Memuat suatu peristiwa, yang di dalamnya terdapat konflik. Memiliki unsur-unsur pembentuk, seperti tema, setting, latar, waktu, karakter atau penokohan, tokoh dan lainnya. 2. Unsur Kebahasaan Past tense (killed, drunk, dll) Adverb of time (Once upon a time…, Long,long ago… A long time ago…, It happened one day that…, etc) Time conjunction (when, then, suddenly, dll) Karakter spesifik tidak umum (Cinderella, Snow White, Aladin, etc) Action verbs yaitu sebuah kata kerja yang menunjukkan tindakan (killed, dug, walked, dll) Direct speech. Kalimat ujaran langsung dalam present tense (Snow White said,”My name is Snow White)

Generic Structure Narrative text Struktur generik narrative text berfokus pada serangkaian tahapan yang diusulkan untuk membangun sebuah cerita. Dalam narrative text tahap itu meliput: 1. Orientation ( Pendahuluan ) di mana karakter , setting , dan waktu cerita ditetapkan . Biasanya menjawab pertanyaan siapa? kapan? dimana ? Misalnya: Once upon a time, there was a wolf lived in the forest. 2. Complication or problem Menceritakan awal masalah yang menyebabkan krisis ( klimaks ). Complication biasanya melibatkan karakter utama. 3. Resolution Akhir dari cerita yang berupa solusi dari masalah. Perlu adanya resolusi dari masalah. Masalah dapat diselesaikan dapat menjadi lebih baik atau malah lebih buruk, bahagia atau sedih . Kadang-kadang ada beberapa komplikasi yang harus dipecahkan. Hal ini menambah dan mempertahankan minat dan ketegangan bagi pembaca nya. 4. Reorientation/Coda merupakan pernyataan penutup cerita dan bersifat opsional . Bisa berisi tentang pelajaran moral, saran atau pengajaran dari penulis.

Berikut ini contoh Narrative text: Timun Emas Long time ago in the island of Java, Indonesia, lived a couple of farmer. They had married for some years but they had no children. So they prayed to a monster called Buta Ijo to give them children. Buta Ijo was a ferocious and powerful monster. He granted their wish on one condition. When their children had grown up, they had to sacrifice them to Buta Ijo. He liked eating fresh meat of human being. The farmers agreed to his condition. Several months later the wife was pregnant. She gave birth to a beautiful baby girl. They named her Timun Emas. The farmers were happy. Timun Emas was very healthy and a very smart girl. She was also very diligent. When she was a teenager Buta Ijo came to their house. Timun Emas was frightened so she ran away to hide. The farmers then told Buta Ijo that Timun Emas was still a child. They asked him to postpone. Buta Ijo agreed. He promised to come again. The following year Buta Ijo came again. But again and again their parents said that Timun Emas was still a child. When the third time Buta Ijo came their parents had prepared something for him. They gave Timun Emas several bamboo needles, seeds of cucumber, dressing and salt. ‘Timun, take these things’ ‘What are these things?’ ‘These are your weapons. Buta Ijo will chase you. He will eat you alive. So run as fast as you can. And if he will catch you spread this to the ground. Now go!’ Timun Emas was scared so she ran as quickly as she could. When Buta Ijo arrived she was far from home. He was very angry when he realized that his prey had left. So he ran to chase her. He had a sharp nose so he knew what direction his prey ran. Timun Emas was just a girl while Buta Ijo was a monster so he could easily catch her up. When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas quickly spread the seeds of cucumber. In seconds they turned into many vines of cucumber. The exhausted Buta Ijo was very thirsty so he grabbed and ate them. When Buta Ijo was busy eating cucumber Timun Emas could run away. But soon Buta Ijo realized and started running again. When he was just several steps behind Timun Emas threw her bamboo needles. Soon they turned into dense bamboo trees. Buta Ijo found it hard to pass. It took him some time to break the dense bamboo forest. Meanwhile Timun Emas could run farther. Buta Ijo chased her again. When he almost catch her again and again Timun Emas threw her dressing. This time it turned into a lake. Buta Ijo was busy to save himself so Timun Emas ran way. But Buta Ijo could overcome it and continued chasing her.

Finally when Timun Emas was almost caught she threw her salt. Soon the land where Buta Ijo stood turned into ocean. Buta Ijo was drowned and died instantly. Timun Emas was thankful to god and came back to her home.

TIMUN MAS Orientation

Long long time ago, there was a farmer couple. They were staying in a village near a forest. They lived happily.

Complication 1

Unfortunately, they hadn’t had any children yet. Every day they prayed to God for a child. One day a giant passed their home. He heard what they were praying. Then the giant gave them a cucumber seed.

Resolution 1

“Plant this seed, then you’ll get a daughter,” said the giant. “Thank you, Giant,” said the couple. “But in one condition, in her 17-th birthday, you must give her to me,” said the Giant. The couple wanted a child so much that they agreed without thinking first. Then the couple planted the cucumber seed. Each day they took care the growing plant so carefully. Months later, a golden cucumber grew from the plant. The cucumber was getting heavier and bigger each day. When it was ripe, they picked it. Carefully they cut out the cucumber and how surprised were they when they found a beautiful baby inside. They were so happy. They named the baby Timun Mas, or Golden Cucumber.

Complication 2

Years were passing by and Timun Mas had grown into a beautiful girl. Her parents were very proud of her. But their happiness turned to fear when her 17th birthday came. The giant returned to ask for their promise. He was going to take Timun Mas away.

Resolution 2

The farmer tried to be calm. “Just a moment, please. Timun Mas is playing. My wife will call her,” he said. Then the farmer came to his daughter. “My child, take this,” as he was giving her a little bag to Timun Mas. “This will help you from the giant. Now, run as fast as you can,” he ordered. So Timun Mas ran away.

Complication 3

The couple was very sad about her leaving. But they didn’t want the giant to eat Timun Mas. Meanwhile, the giant had been waiting for too long. He became impatient. Somehow he knew that the couple had lied to him. So he destroyed their house and ran for Timun Mas. The giant was chasing Timun Mas and he was getting closer and closer.

Timun Mas then took a handful of salt from her little bag. She spread out the salt behind her. Suddenly a wide sea appeared between them. The giant had to swim to reach her

Resolution 3

Timun Mas was still running, but now the giant almost caught her. Then she took some chilly and threw them to the giant. The chilly suddenly grew into some trees and trapped the giant. The trees grew some thorns as sharp as a knife. The giant screamed painfully. At the mean time, Timun Mas could escape again.

Complication 4

But the giant was very strong. Again he almost caught Timun Mas. So Timun Mas took the third magic stuff, the cucumber seeds. She threw the seeds and suddenly they became a wide cucumber field. The giant was very tired and hungry so he ate those fresh cucumbers. He ate too much that he felt sleepy and fell asleep soon.

Resolution 4

Timun Mas kept on running as fast as she could. But soon she was very tired herself. To make things worse, the giant had woken up! Timun Mas was so scared. Desperately she then threw her last weapon, terasi (a kind of shrimp pasta). IT did a miracle again. The pasta became a big swamp. The giant fell into it but his hands almost reached Timun Mas. Suddenly the lake pulled him to the bottom. The giant panicked and he couldn’t breathe. At last he was drown.

Re-orientation

Timun Mas was very relieved. She was safe now. Then she returned to her parents’ house. Her parents were of course very happy to see their daughter safe and sound. “Thanks God. You have saved my daughter,” they cried happily. From then on, Timun Mas lived happily with her parents with no fear anymore.