REINFORCED SOIL WALL Geogrids are manufactured to reinforce soil mass behind segmented retaining walls system or steep slope, which provides slope stabilization and earth retention. The use of geogrids for slope stabilization and earth retention allows wall to stand at 60-80 degree or even greater. As layers of geogrids are positioned within the soil mass and soil is compacted around them, the internal strength of the soil mass behind the wall resists overturning and sliding. There are variety of facings for the reinforced soil wall :-

GEOGRID SG geogrids are flexible, synthetic meshes that are manufactured specifically to reinforce the soil mass behind segmented retaining walls or steep slopes. This provides slope stabilization and earth retention. The use of SG geogrid for slope stabilization allows retaining walls or steep slopes to perform to 3m or more. There are a variety of sizes and strengths. All of them are rated for their strength and ability to resist stretching or creeping. As the wall is built, layers of geogrid are placed at specific locations in the wall. The soil is compacted around geogrid layers, and the friction that develops, interlocks the soil and geogrid. As layers of geogrids are positioned within the soil mass and soil is compacted around them, the internal strength of the soil mass behind the wall resists overturning and sliding.

Geogrid Application Slope Repairing Soft Soil Stabilization Foundation Treatment Reinforced Soil Wall Reinforced Steep Slope

Reinforced Bridge Abutment Basal Reinforced Embankment Reinforced Piled Embankment Reinforced Road Embankment Spanning Embankment & Landfill Voids

Product Specification Property Polymer Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD Ultimate Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Tensile Strength @ 2% Strain Tensile Strength @ 5% Strain LTDS Length Width Area

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 6637 ASTM D 6637 ASTM D 6637 ASTM D 6637 ASTM D 6637 ASTM D 6637

kN/m kN/m % kN/m kN/m kN/m m m m2

SG 60/30 60 30 10 15 30 35

SG SG SG 80/30 100/30 150/30 high-tenacity multifilament polyester yarns 80 100 150 30 30 30 10 10 10 20 25 37 40 50 75 47 58 88 50 / 100 4.0 / 5.0 200 / 400 / 250 / 500

SG 200/30 200 30 10 50 100 117

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

HIGH STRENGTH PET WOVEN GEOTEXTILE WG and WGL high strength woven geotextiles are manufactured from uncoated high tenancy polyester yarns and knitted to form a structured and stable geotaxtile sheet. These geotextiles provide maximum performance for weak subgrades and offer a combination of high strength, low elongation and low creep factor, resulting in low vertical deformation. High strength geotextile is the ideal solution for soil and basal reinforcement in applications including embankment stabilisation, steepened slopes, retaining walls, lagoon closures and landfill lining systems.

Geogrid Application Slope Repairing Soft Soil Stabilization Foundation Treatment Reinforced Soil Wall Reinforced Steep Slope

Reinforced Bridge Abutment Basal Reinforced Embankment Reinforced Piled Embankment Reinforced Road Embankment Spanning Embankment & Landfill Voids

Product Specification Property Polymer Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD Ultimate Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Elongation, CD Weight Width Length

Property Polymer Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD Ultimate Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Elongation, CD Weight Width Length

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 5261

kN/m kN/m % % g/m2 m m

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 5261

kN/m kN/m % % g/m2 m m

WG 100

WG 200

WG WG WG WG 300 400 500 600 UV stabilized high-tenacity polyester yarn 200 300 400 500 600 50 50 50 50 50 < 12 < 15 400 500 600 700 800 3.60 50 / 100 / 150 / 200 / 250

100 50

200

WGL 150 150 150

500

WGL WGL 200 250 UV stabilized high-tenacity polyester yarn 200 250 200 250 < 15 < 15 600 700 3.60 50 / 100 / 150 / 200

WG 700

WG 800

700 50

800 50

900

1000

WGL 300 300 300

900

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

NON WOVEN GEOTEXTILE ART nonwoven geotextiles are made from the highest quality polypropylene staple fibers and are needlepunched to form a dimensionally stable fiber network. These fabrics satisfy a wide range of applications including: subsurface drainage, separation, stabilization, erosion control and cushioning. ST nonwoven geotextile can add years to the life of any roadway, railroad or landfill projects.

Filtration: Provides a permanent mechanical and hydraulic filter stability as it retains fine particles when water passes from fine-grained to coarse-grained soil. Drainage: Provides water drainage and gas venting in the plane of the geotextile. Reinforcement: Increases soil shear strength by providing bonding mechanism of the geotextile-soil system to improve the soil quality and structural stability. Cushion/Protection: Allows permanent protection of synthetic sealing systems (geomembranes) against mechanical damage during installation and after completion of construction. Waterproofing: Acts as a support material for impregnations with bitumen or plastic-modified sealing materials. Separation: Permanently prevents the mixing of two materials.

Product Specification Property

Test Standard

Polymer

-

UV Resistance

-

Chemical Resistance

-

ART 9

ART 11

ART 14

ART 15

ART 17

ART 20

ART 22

ART 25

ART 28

100% polypropylene UV stabilized nonwoven needle punched >70% strength retention after 500 hours UV pH range 2 – 13

Tensile Strength, kN/m Tensile Elongation, % Grab Tensile Strength, N Trapezoidal Tear Strength, N

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4632 ASTM D 4533

9 40/65 560 230

11 40/65 630 270

14 45/65 790 340

15 45/65 900 360

17 50/65 900 400

20 50/75 1000 440

22 50/75 1100 450

25 50/80 1450 520

28 50/80 1500 600

Puncture Resistance, N CBR Puncture Resistance, N Cone Drop, mm

ASTM D 4833 DIN 54307 BS 6906/6

250 1500 27

320 1700 25

400 2100 22

420 2400 20

520 2700 18

580 2900 17

620 3200 15

750 4000 11

820 4500 9

BS 6906/3

170

150

125

120

90

80

75

60

50

EN ISO 12956

120

115

100

90

80

75

75

70

60

ASTM D 5261 ASTM D 5199

130 1.0

150 1.1

180 1.3

200 1.4

240 1.5

280 1.6

300 1.7

350 2.0

400 2.2

-

250 4 1000

225 4 900

175 4 700

175 4 700

150 4 600

125 4 500

125 4 500

100 4 400

100 4 400

Permeability @ 100mm head, l/m2/s Opening Size, mm 2

Nominal Mass, g/m Thickness @ 2kPa, mm Length, m Width, m Area/roll, m2

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

HIGH STRENGTH PP WOVEN GEOTEXTILE PPWG high strength polypropylene woven geotextile offers optimum performance when used in stabilization application. PPWG is produced from first class quality raw material, providing the perfect balance of strength, filtration and separation in styles capable of functioning exceptionally well in a wide range of performance requirement.

Geotextile Application Asphalt Overlay Foundation Drains Green Roofs / Roof Gardens Separation Under Concrete Pavers Sports Fields Reinforced Soil Wall Drainage System Subsoil drain (Drainage Geotextile) Geomembrane Cushion Landfill Leachate Collection Gas Venting Rip-Rap Revetment

Channel & Shoreline Erosion Control Sludge Dewatering Stream Crossing Railway Construction Road Embankment Soil Separation & Filtration Landfill & Waste Containment Sub-base Stabilization Soft Ground Stabilization Reclamation Works Sediment Control & Silt Control

Product Specification Property Raw Material Tensile Strength MD/CD Elongation MD/CD Grab T. Strength MD/CD Grab Elongation MD/CD Trapezoidal Tear Strength CBR Puncture Resistance Permeability Flow Rate AOS UV Resistance Weight Width Length

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4632 ASTM D 4632 ASTM D 4533 ASTM D 6241 ASTM D 4491 ASTM D 4491 ASTM D 4751 ASTM D 4355 ASTM D 5261

kN/m % N % N N s-1 l/min/m2 mm %/hr g/m2 m m

PPWG 40/40

PPWG 50/50

PPWG 70/70

PPWG 80/80

40 15 1800 15 400 5000 0.005 260 0.180

50 15 1900 15 500 6000 0.005 260 0.180

70 15 2000 15 650 8000 0.200 300 0.212

80 15 2100 15 700 8500 0.200 300 0.212

250

270

370

385

> 70/500 3.0 / 4.0 / 5.0 50 / 100

MD = machine direction; CD = cross machine direction The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

HYDROSEEDING Hydroseeding is a grass planting process. The process is fast, efficient, and economical. This grass planting process is usually more effective than conventional seeding and certainly more economical than conventional sodding. The process begins by mixing paper mulch, seed, fertilizer, water and other bonding agent (to give added protection for the seed and reduce colonizing after heavy showers) in the tank of a hydro-seeding machine. The mixed material is then pumped from the tank and sprayed onto the ground. Once applied to the soil, the material enhances initial growth by providing a micro-environment beneficial to seed germination. Hydroseeding material is weed free. However, weed seed is almost always present in the soil, and when the soil gets the moisture and fertilizer from the planting process, weeds usually appear. Warm and moist conditions promote faster seed germination. Seed bed conditions determine growth rates after germination. When all the conditions are favourable, grass may require mowing and have excellent coverage in three to four weeks. It may be possible, under the most ideal conditions, to produce a fully-turf slope which can be readied within 90 days.

New home lawns may be the largest single defined market for hydroseeding. Other landscape applications are also significant. Hydroseeding is being used more and more in new construction development. Each of these applications is usually irrigated, and the turf resulting from the application is usually classified as "fine turf". New highway construction always needs new grass planted. Grass is frequently needed on mine sites, and reclamation of mine sites has increased with the recent concerns for the environment. Utility construction areas frequently need grass after pipe lines or power lines have been constructed. The list of places for planting grass in these "non turf quality" areas seems to be endless. Hydroseeding is frequently used on these large areas to be more economical. Hydroseeding can work well on these "non-irrigated" areas, if the conditions are not too hot and dry.

Axonopus affinis Narrowleaf carpet grass

Brachiaria decumbens Signal grass

Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass

EROSION CONTROL BLANKET Erosion Control Blanket (ECB) applied to the soil reduces moisture evaporation from the soil. Grass seed needs soil moisture to germinate and grow. Moisture must initially come from either irrigation or rainfall. Once the soil has moisture, ECB helps the seed get the most benefit from that moisture. Poor growth is almost always due to the seed and or the seedlings not getting enough moisture during certain critical times. Soil moisture is always important. ECB also provides erosion resistance. Soil erosion caused by flowing water (surface water runoff) and strong wind flow is always a factor. ECB helps hold soil in place and reduces the possibility that the seeds will be washed away, providing a better chance for establishing a more uniform coverage of grass. Further, when soil erosion is reduced, soil pollution of streams and other bodies of water bodies is reduced.

Product Specification DS250 / DS350 / DS450 Designed for erosion protection and the establishment of vegetation up to 12 months. Ideal for low maintenance areas such as roadside slopes, subtle grades, swales, slope ranging from 1:2 to 1:4. Able to provide temporary short term, pre-vegetated erosion protection. DC250 / DC350 / DC450 Popular choice for use in environmentally sensitive areas. Often specified in wildlife areas, moderate flow channels, landfill side slopes and for wetland mitigation projects. Offers excellent flexibility and moisture absorption characteristics and able to conform closely to the soil surface. MSC250 / MSC350 /MSC450 Protect the seed and soil from the ravages of soil particle detachment caused by wind and rain. The protective mulch covered by the blankets helps create optimal conditions for seed germination and growth. Intended for vegetation growth and providing turf reinforcement for up to 36 months. MC250 / MC350 / MC450 The organic netting structure offers excellent flexibility, moisture absorption and ability to conform to the soil surface. Intended for vegetation growth and providing turf reinforcement for up to 36 months through combination of the slow degrading coconut fiber and the two UV stabilized nettings.

Material: 100% paddy straw Netting: PP UV stabilized Tensile Strength MD/CD: 0.7kN/m Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2.1m x 48m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2

Material: 100% coir fiber Netting: PP UV stabilized Tensile Strength MD/CD: 0.7kN/m Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2.1m x 48m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2

Material: 70% straw, 30% coir fiber Netting: PP UV stabilized Tensile Strength MD/CD: 3.6kN/m Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2m x 50m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2

Material: 100% coir fiber Netting: PP UV stabilized Tensile Strength MD/CD: 3.6kN/m Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2m x 50m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

(4 staples per sq. m) medium & high flow channel

(1.8 staples per sq. m) low flow channel & pond

(1.8 staples per sq. m) 2:1 / 3:1 / 4:1 slopes

(1 staple per sq. m) 1:2 / 1:3 / 1:4 slopes

GEOCELL MC geocells are honeycomb shaped structures with a cell height ranging from 100 to 200 mm, made by the continuous extrusion of high density polyethylene (HDPE). The structure opens like an accordion and therefore can be transported and stored with minimal space and successively opened during installation, thus creating a series of completely interconnected, regular ovoid cells, with diameter ranging from 200mm to 400mm. Once expanded to its maximum extension and filled in with soil (or pea gravel, concrete, etc.) the structure becomes inextensible and monolithic, providing an effective means of confinement for unconsolidated materials lying within single cells and preventing their movement even on steep slopes, or also from substantial dragging forces such as those exerted by hydraulic currents. The cellular structure is particularly useful on arid, rocky or impermeable soils where vegetation is almost or totally lacking. The structure’s junctions have a central opening, which water can pass through effectively. All the cells are hydraulically interconnected: the geocells/soil composite structure attains good permeability, facilitates the absorption of water during precipitation, and consequentially diminishes surface runoff.

Product Specification Property Polymer Density, g/cm Carbon black content, % Sheet thickness, mm Seam peel strength, N/10cm Welding distance, mm Cell depth, mm Expanded cell size, mm Expanded section size, mm Expanded section area, m2 Environment stress crack resistance, hrs

Test Standard

MC 100

ASTM D 792 ASTM D 1603 ASTM D 5199

100

ASTM D 1693

MC 150 100% UV stabilized HDPE > 0.94 (± 5 %) 1.5 – 2.0 1.2 (± 5 %) > 1200 (± 5 %) 330 (± 5 %) 150 244 x 203 (± 5 %) 2440 x 6100 (± 5 %) 14.88 (± 5 %) > 1500

MC 200

200

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

SILT CURTAIN GS floating turbidity silt curtains are barriers that control suspended solids and turbidity in a water column generated by dredging and disposal of dredged material. They are considered to be the last line of defense against sediment migration into nearby marine environment. A floating turbidity barrier may be a permeable or an impermeable device used to isolate the near shore work area and to confine the sediment entering into a body of water. The generation of sediments cannot be avoided during construction in-stream or next to a watercourse. It can be control and reduced. Main function of turbidity curtain is to enclose turbidity and to minimize influence on outside sensitive area. Enclosed by turbidity curtains, current velocity inside is much lower than outside velocity. This means turbidity curtain is accelerating sedimentation of silt by reducing flow velocity. Use these techniques with land-based erosion controls and proper construction practices, to minimize the amount of sediment introduced into a water body.

We can custom design specific floating curtain to solve unique problems. What this means is that the standard designs are available with a variety of fabric options, flotation sizes, load-bearing and ballast members, connectors and lengths. When a variation on a standard design won't work, we can design to meet the requirements.

Product Specification Property Polymer Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD Ultimate Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Elongation, CD Grab Tensile Strength Grab Elongation Weight Permeability Width/Panel Depth / Panel Float Diameter Float Material Others Major Components

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4632 ASTM D 4632 ASTM D 5261 ASTM D 4491

kN/m kN/m % % kN/m % g/m2 cm/s m m mm

GS 15

GS GS GS 20 25 30 UV Stabilized High-Tenacity Polyester Yarn 150 200 250 300 150 200 250 300 < 15 < 15 3.8 5.0 6.3 7.5 10~30 450 650 750 900 α x 10(-2 to -4) (α = 1 ~ 9.9) 10 / 15 / 20 Standard size 3 / 4 / 5 / 6 m or custom made upon request 300 / 400 / 500 / 600 High Density Polysthylene. No Recycled Material Tarpaulin Cover Sheet, Reinforced Belts x 2, Steel Chain, Galvanised Shackles, Steel Plate, Eyelet and Bolt/Nut

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

SAND CONTAINER SR sand containers are produced by a firm interlocking bond and exhibit high abrasion resistance nonwoven geotextile. SR sand containers have high elongation characteristics due to the “flexible”, non-brittle fibre junctions created by the manufacturing process. Due to their superior high elongation characteristics, SR sand containers are more capable of accommodating soil irregularities, and are more resistant to puncture from imbedded stone or similar potentially damaging sources than geosynthetic products with low elongation properties, such as thermal bonded nonwoven or woven geotextile bag. SR sand containers are well suited to erosion control in waterfront construction, beach nourishment, scour protection and many other hydraulic applications that require exceptional strength, the flexibility to conform to uneven terrain and long term performance.

Product Specification Property Polymer UV Resistance Chemical Resistance Tensile Strength, MD Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Elongation, CD Characteristic Opening Size Mass per Unit Area Thickness Rod Puncture Resistance CBR Puncture Resistance

Test Standard

Unit

ASTM D 4355 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 12956 EN ISO 9864 EN ISO 9863 ASTM D 4833 EN ISO 12236

kN/m kN/m % % mm g/m2 N N N

SR SR 501 601 100% PP UV Stabilized Nonwoven Geotextile > 70% strength retention after 500 hours UV pH range 2 – 13 > 24 > 26 > 24 > 26 > 50 > 50 0.08 500 600 > 4.5 > 5.0 > 1000 > 1100 > 5000 > 5200

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

TURF REINFORCED COMPOSITE MATT (TRCM) Turf Reinforced Composite Matt (TRCM) is a reinforced erosion control matt consisting of a high strength polyester geogrid and UV stabilized erosion control matt. High strength polyester geogrid interlocking with soil nail or rock bolt helps to create a tension membrane / reinforcement membrane along the slope surface. UV stabilized erosion control matt controls surface erosion and helps to anchor and reinforce the root zone of plants. The vegetation root system shall entangle and integrate firmly around the geogrid and matt. TRCM are used for slope and ground protection in civil and landfill engineering works. TRCM prevents the sliding and washing out of the soil and cover layer while facilitating rapid vegetation growth. Upon heavy rains and water flows, the reinforcing ability of TRCM prevents erosion of the otherwise vulnerable vegetation. Once, vegetated, TRCM reduces runoff velocities and thereby increases infiltration and reduces discharge. Directly next to water courses, TRCM protects the banks from the scouring action of water flow.

Material Specification Reinforcement Element Property Polymer Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD Ultimate Tensile Strength, CD Elongation, MD Elongation, CD

Test Method

Unit

30/30

40/40 PET/PP

EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319 EN ISO 10319

kN/m kN/m % %

≥ 30 ≥ 30 8-10 8-10

≥ 40 ≥ 40 8-10 8-10

Test Method

Unit

ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 4595 ASTM D 5261 ASTM D 4355

kN/m % g/m2 % %

Type F 100% Coir Fiber 100% PP UV Stabilized (flat) ≥3 10-20 350 > 90 > 95 50mm c/c PP yarn Hydroseeding 1:1 or greater Brachiaria decumbens, Cynodon dactylon

Type D 100% PP UV Stabilized (3D) ≥2 10-20 350 > 90 > 95 -

Erosion Control Element Property Raw Material (Core) Raw Material (Netting) Ultimate Tensile Strength, MD/CD Elongation, MD/CD Weight UV Resistance Porosity Stitching Thread Application Slope Gradient Recommended Type of Grass

Closed Turf 1:1 gentler Axonopus affinis, Axonopus compressus

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.

TURF REINFORCED MATRIX Turf Reinforced Matrix (TRM) consists of three-dimensional ultraviolet stabilized and high strength polypropylene nettings, with synthetic fibres stitched between two nettings. TRM is intended to provide immediate erosion control and long-term turf reinforcement for the more severe slope and channelized applications. From ditches and channels to slopes and spillways, TRM creates a soft armor effect. The system can withstand the highly erosive forces of water under peak storm events while providing the proven filtration benefits of reinforced turf. TRM is the best in Storm Water Management for improving erosion control. Unlike rip-rap, where erosion may occur under the rocks, TRM utilize vegetation to anchor soil, preventing erosion, containing sediment and providing a permanent clean water solution that’s more effective than hard armor at half the cost.

Material Specification TRM-C250 / C350 / C450 Material: 100% coir fiber Netting: PP UV stabilized (corrugated) Tensile Strength MD/CD: > 9.0 kN/m (ASTM D 6818) Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% (ASTM D 6818) UV Stabilized: > 90% (ASTM D 4355) Porosity: > 95% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2.1m x 24m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2 Allowable Vegetated Velocity: > 5m/s (480Pa) Allowable Unvegetated Velocity: > 3m/s (140Pa)

TRM-MC250 / MC350 / MC450 Material: 70% paddy straw, 30% coir fiber Netting: PP UV stabilized (corrugated) Tensile Strength MD/CD: > 9.0 kN/m (ASTM D 6818) Elongation MD/CD: 15~20% (ASTM D 6818) UV Stabilized: > 90% (ASTM D 4355) Porosity: > 95% Stitching: 50mm c/c Thread: Polypropylene Yarn Roll size: 2.1m x 24m Density: 250 / 350 / 450 g/m2 Allowable Vegetated Velocity: > 5m/s (480Pa) Allowable Unvegetated Velocity: > 3m/s (140Pa)

The published information is based on current knowledge and experience and does not infer any legally binding assurance or warranty, expressed or implied. Intending purchasers should verify whether any changes to specifications or applications have been made since this catalogue was issued.