PROFR.Y LIC.EVARISTO MUNGUIA PANTI PROFR.Y C.R LEOPOLOO MUNGUIA PANTI

I1111 2

UNIVERSIDAD

AUTONOMA

DE

NUEVO

COLEGIO C I V I L , P R E P A R A T O R I A M O N T E R R E Y , N.L

LEON

NO 2

T

X

P E U 11 M8 V.2

U

N

I

D

A

D

U N I D A D

P A G I N A S

I I I .

T R E S

AL TERMINO DE LA UNIDAD EL ALUMNO COMPRENDERA FRAGMENTOS 3.1

Participio

3.2

Construcción

3.3

Pasado

Construcción

del

» . Presente

Perfecto

Simple

ESCRITOS EN INGLES CUYAS ESTRUCTURAS VERBALES SEAN LOS -

H

y Continuo.

14

del 'Pasado Perfecto

Simple y C o n t i n u o . . . .

24

del

Simple y C o n t i n u o . . . .

30

SIMPLES ? PERFECTOS.

EL 3.4 C o n s t r u c c i ó n

Futuro

Perfecto

3.5 T r a d u c c i ó n (Comprebension R e a d i n g ) Lectura que c o n t i e n e los temas a n t e r i o r m e n t e v i s t o s . . . .

A L U M N O IDENTIFICARA EL PARTICIPIO DE LOS VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES EN INGLES.

37 :

IDENTIFICARA LA CONSTRUCCION Y SIGNIFICADO DEL PRESENTE PERFECTO SIMPLE Y CONTINUO. TRADUCIRA FRASES CON PASADO PERFECTO SIMPLE Y-

U

4.1 Grados

N

I

D

del A d j e t i v o

Comparativo

de

A

D

I V .

CONTINUO.

I

DIFERENCIARA EL FUTURO PERFECTO SIMPLE DEL - CONTINUO.

40

Igualdad TRADUCIRA AL ESPAÑOI PARRAFOS QUE CONTENGAN --

Distinción

entre

4.2 C o m p a r a c i ó n Grados

del Adjetivos

Estructura

de

¿e

de

< Superlativos

4.6

Cuadro

55

II

56 »63

5 -¿ p e r - a 11 v o = _

Superioridad;

los Superlativos de

; ; t. »; £ Traducción

y Superlativo . . . .45

Inferioridad

¿e los

vSuperlacivo Estructura

Comparativo

de Superioridad

4.3 C o m p a r a c i ó n

- .:

el Grado

68 II

Inferioridad) . t: ». í

Ii

t z&. -r

•••72 r l ^ e r l t i n v.

( Compr ehens ion R e a d i n g )

Resumen

Final

"í 81

* * •

LOS TEMAS DE LA UNIDAD.

O •John answered

B

all

S

E

the

R

V

E

teacher's

Begin Buy Come Dr ink

John

answered

all

the teacher's

questions

yesterday.

ens e Began Bough t Came Dr ank

questions

today.

Tens e Pat Participle j Begun Began Bought Bought Come Came Drunk Drank

Past

John has answered

all the

teacher's

questions

this

week

3.1.COMO HAS O B S E R V A D O f LA TERCERA V E R B A L EN DONDE PARA

INDICAR

FIGURA

UNA NUEVA

SE USA EL P A R T I C I P I O P A S A D O

QUE EL HECHO O C U R R I O

RRE EN EL PRESENTE. PRESENT PERFECT

TIENE

(PAST P A R T I C I P L E ) --

EN EL PASADO Y N U E V A M E N T E

POR ESO LAS E X P R E S I O N E S

(PRESENTE »

PERFECTO

I copied Yo copie

1 e s

OCU-

O A N T E P R E S E N T E ) ,/ SUELEN

Observa

Yo he

You have b o u g h t

Tu has

He has b o u g h t

El ha

She has bought.

Ella ha

We have b o u g h t

Nosotros

You have bought.

Ustedes

They have bought.

Ellos, han

Mary

También

"HAVE" PUEDE .UTILIZARSE DE LA SIGUIENTE

tiempo just

también

con

hace unos

JUST y RECENTLY para instantes

understood

siones

this new

the museum

encontrar

SINC E^ FOR o SO FAR SINCE establece

She has waited

for

We have

studied

I have

traveled

the new

el presente

perfecto

en el

the manager

since

since we knew

to New

York

since

early

this

the exam's

expre

morning.

dates-

1980.

FOR seguido de e x p r e s i o n e s

comprado.

representa

una

cantidad

de

de

tiempo

tiempo

compradocomprado.

han

has read

that

novel

for

2 hours.

comprado The boys have

comprado.

The Martinezes

comprado.

CON C O N T R A C C I O N E S

Y QUEDARIA

SO FAR

followed

the

instructions

have visited

indica

"al m o m e n t o

Paris

de

for

for

hablará

You've

We»ve

far.

liked

Cantinflas

pictures

He ' s b o u g h t . She * s b o u g h t It's b o u g h t bought. bought.

They *ve b ough t.

ID

so

3

2 weeks.

so farso far.

9

las

tiempo

We've finished 2 units of this book I've copied 3 M a t h e m a t i c s exercises

You W e

con

,

un punto

hard

recently.

verbal.

comprado.

hemos

im-

structures.

I've b o u g h t .

We've

es

topic.

MANERA:

bought.

todavía

--

presente.

has recently m e m o r i z e d

es posible

Albert

EL VERBO

se usa

Andrew has visited

esta forma

I have b o u g h t .

en el

John has

ETC-

yesterday. ayer

se estructura

perfecto

que algo que ocurrió

portante

(Ejemplos)

three e x e r c i s e s tres e j e r c i c i o s

como

indicar

SERr-

I copied three e x e r c i s e s today. Ya copie tres e j e r c i c i o s hoy. I have copied three e x e r c i s e s this w e e k . Yo he copiado tres e j e r c i c i o s esta semana. She drank 3 cups of coffee y e s t e r d a y . She drank 3 cups of coffee this morningShe has drunk 3 cups of coffee recently3.2.

El presente

QUE A C O M P A Ñ A N AL - -

T O D A Y j THIS W E E K , THIS YEAR, THIS SEMESTER E x a m p

ESTRUCTURA

semesters

Present Antes

de inciar

' Present

e j e r c i c i o s sobre

los

P e r f e c t ) recordemos

bo HAVE en tiempo presente^

el Presente

y a p r e ndamos el cual

Perfecto -

de mem o r i a el

es b á s i c o

para esta

ve - -

es tructura.

H A V E

CONTRACCION

I HAVE

I' VE

YOU

YOU * VE

HAVE

Past

Past

Enter

entered

Finish

finished

F o 1Ac w

foil

Like

liked

Look

looked

Memor i z e

memor i z ed

Participle

_

6r d _

Ob s e rve Open Play Raise

HE

HAS

SHE

HE * S Stop

SHE 1 S

HAS

Study

IT HAS

IT 1 S

WE

WE * VE

Tr ave1 HAVE

Use YOU

HAVE

THEY

YOU'VE

HAVE

Visit

THEY 1 V E

Want Walk Observa

la siguiente

estructura

Work Begin

1

HAVE

STUDIED.

¿De cuantas ¿Cual

Buy

partes

Come

Consta ?

es el primer

Dr ink

verbo?

Dr ive ¿En que ¿Y el

tiempo

segundo

esta verbo

e % primer en que

verb~>?

tiempo

Eat Forget

esta?

Get Por

lo tanto,si

tas;

respondiste

el siguiente

c ion a p a r e c e n

en

paso

sera

Participio

Present

Pas t

Carry

carried

Close Copy

c 1osed copied

Change

changed

Dane e

d anc ed

Decide

dec i d e d enjoyed

correctamente aprender

j,®^, gerbos

Pasado Past

a estas breves

pregv

que a

Pat t iciplfe

c a r r Led

Give Go

Participle).

Hav e Meaning c arg ado • ,

Know Let Read Run Say See

Enjoy

1 i

Meaning

a

.

Present

Pas t

Pas t Par t ic ip le

Meaning E X E R C I S E S .

Sing Sit

down (EJERCICIOS)

Sleep Sw im

COMPLETA

LOS ESPACIOS

VACIOS.

Take Tel 1

I HAVE

I

Understand

You HAVE

Wr i te

HE HAS

have

have

You

THEY HAVE II.-LLENA

has have

YOU HAVE

have have

__ have

LOS ESPACIOS VACIOS

I HAVE

SAID 3 SENTENCES

The girl Mr - Smith The boys Students

We Garcia

You Alice She and He

has

It

WE HAVE

Miss

has has

IT HAS

_ I

Have have

He

SHE HAS

3

I

USANDO HAVE

SO FAR.

0 HAS

NOTA: TU.-ESCRIBE

UNA R O UNA

LAR O IRREGULAR. TRADUCE AL

I A LA

IZQUIERDA

A LA DERECHA

DE CADA

ESCRIBE

VERBO

SI ES

EL PARTICIPIO

REGU-

PASADO Y -

V.-SUBRAYA LA

LA FORMA

Pasado

Some

student?

4.- Many I

drink

drunk

bebido

5 - I

memor i ze

6.-

schools

have

the m u s e u m

have

3 . - It has rained

Tr aducc ion

9.-

seen

Rodriguez

The boys have

10.-

foil ow

You have

VI.-SUBRAYA

close

1.-

like

John

4.5

dec id e

ANTEPRESENTE

Y ENLISTALA

EN-

6.- They

have

enjoyed

read

8

eat

9.- My relatives

- Mary

students and

10.- We have

all

have

exercise

finished

for his

family-

this weekend-

correctly-

PERFECTO. subjects

ENLISTALA

this

Y

three overtime

200 miles

semester.

hours

per hour

the door

—

their

vacation

known

something

come

TRADUCELA.

before

Joe have played have

this morning-

a new car

the

has opened

7.- The

since

45 m i n u t e s

this

has worked

copy

—

so far

for

run

—

instructions-

before-

that book

The cars have

the

picture

has bought run

today.

20 verbs

DE P R E S E N T S

read

- Somebody

late

overtime

has passed

3.- Josephine

buy

ESPANOL,

this week.

that

copied

LA FORMA

2.- We have drive

EN

recently-

followed

understood

They have

8.- Mr take

come

twice

have

7 - She has worked

go

ANTEPRESENTE

DERECHA:

2.Participio

SIGNIFICA

DEL VERBO EN TIEMPO

1.- We have visited

ESPAÑOL.

E i emp1 o :

P R E S E N T PERFECT

in Cancunabout

energy

in the park.

from

Michigan

this exercise-

have VII.ESCRIBE

EL PRESENTE

PERFECTO

EN LOS ESPACIOS

VACIOS-

play write IV.-ESCRIBE

EN

Español

INGLES

EL P A R T I C I P I O

Participio

Pasado

PASADO

DE LOS Español

ver

disfrutar

entrar

correr

caminar

estudiar

conseguir

dormir

viajar

olvidar

venir

abrir

visitar

permi t i r

SIGUIENTES Participio

VERBOS: Pasado

L ._

x

2.-

ne cTicho The tourists

Susan

in present perfect- (say). ' , , vhe m a c r o p l a z a this week visit;

her ha

_ _

sentences

h a n v'isitado 3.- My friend something a b o u t ; this topic- '^copv ha c op i ad o 4 _ _ They the experiment in the laboratory - ¡watch) han observado 5.-

detener

three

6.-

Mrs

Volkswagen

for 2 vears.

(drive)

mane j ado

Rogers

in California ha

viv i d o

2 years

so far.

(live)

'

'

we

the new n o s Ka

5

-• The

Saturday

Education

Minister

President

to see

that

black ha

7.-

They have

forgotten

8.-

My friend

has gone

9--

All

to w r i t e

LOS ESPACIOS f _- We

(Want )

2 .- The

( Run )

3 - Mike

sentado

picture

since

1983

shoes

for

3 years

to Disney lana.

(want) the

students

have used

10.-

VACIOS, USANDO

EL PRESENTE

th i s topic Millers and

for

They have memorized

almost

PERFECTO-

three

to visit

Georg e

(Sing )

4 . - Mr.

Allen

(Sleep)

5 .-

Phe

dogs

(Get)

6 .-

George

(Have)

7 - Mary

(Swim )

8 , - The

(Drive)

9 .-

classes.

the new

square.

in the competition

2.-

in

LAS

in

this

students

have

4.-

Thev have b o u g h t

5.-

We have

for

during

for

around

i n a restaurant

class

45 the

since

$5 0.00. exams

minutes. squareSeptember.

ORACIONES

a new model

have

overtime

car

in

recently.

player

the beach

his new

SIGUIENTES seen

record

to study boys

"Yesterday"

the garden

a new

FranK

Three doctors

3.- The

the song

10. - J o h n n v

I - - She has

the new

struaure.

(buy).

week .

IX.-TRADUZCA

names

comprado

(Read )

( Eat )

their

- --

querido

Sh e

-LLENA

to the

(sit)

9.- I 10.-

(like).

close se ha

"e

programs

gust a cfo

come

recently

from

Cai i f o r m

followed the instruct ioris -

a new book

eaten b r e a k f a s t

at

for

7.00

six hundred

A.M.

pesos

this week-

&

all

the

verbs.

Michael

Michael

has read the since 1980

has been

newspaper

reading

Paul

has

eaten breakfast

Paul

is eating

at

Michael is reading a newspaper now.

the newspaper

t „ r five

years

breakfast

now

7 : 2 0 since

1975.

Comentarios:

El Present

lugar

la acción

cuando

pasado

y sigue

Perfect de

Progressive

la cual

sucediendo

o Continuous

se h a b l a ha sucedido

en el p r e s e n t e

tiene -

en el - -

en el m o m e n t o

de

hablar

III.LLENA LOS E S P A C I O S V A C I O S CON TINUO. (eat)

E j e m p l o : We have We are

Esta

one

studying

now

semester

studying

estructura

for one

consta

Have

been

s tudy ing

Haber

estado

estudiando

de

(play)

tres

BEEN 0 HAS BEEN. J 1

I

__ _

(buy)

5.- Mary

• __ ^ been

It has been

has

We have been

(read)

6.- They

_

VACIOS buying

students

_

singing

5.-

Bill

formula

6

___ _

taking

in a factory

class

since

for

3 months.

February.

during

the

store. listening

to the radio

for

- Only

and Mike have been writing

six students

the

have been coming

answers.

on

time.

since

sleeping

exam.

2 weeks-

at 11:00

P.M

for

10 - -

7

.-

They have been dancing

8.- We have been w r i t i n g

since

her

9:00

since

P.M.

last

year.

ten --

well.

20 m i n u t e s .

ORACIONES-

for 3 years

PROGRE-

enjoying their dpy«*• of f • b e g i n n i n g a#l2.20 since August. :' . "p. V

1984-

for

iags.

for

perfectly

w; -

in Chicago

c

been-

in the grocery

w a l k i n g in the streets p r a c t i c i n g the n e W

8 - The swimmers 9 - The Second bhift

- The M a r t i n e z e s years -

living

LAS SIGUIENTES

Barbara has been

food

|©r

0.

d u r i n g

comics

4.-

been.

some

_

John

35 m i n u t e s .

12:2

horses

and

English

Some children have been copying

•l

EL P R E S E N T P E R F E C T

the

We

g i n c e

j o k e s

c o w g

3.-

been

FORMAR

4

7 - Pedro Vargas

E n g i i s h s o m e

I have been

... ' ^rS'-.-

PARA

repeating w i t h us.

_

in

2.-

been

______

3 - Carol

ID

Fe-

dresses.

n e w

John has been w o r k i n g

been

visiting

Joneses

Jane

1--

; . '.

They have been

5 - John 6 - 3 students

CON-

80-ci0ck. since 1974.

s i n c e

t e l l ) 7.- Charles

IV.- 7TRADUCE

been.

-V

We

LOS E S P A C I O S

for English

and

( r e a d ) 10.*- Tom and been.

He

She has been

- The

since

been.

have been

He has been

players

( r a i s e ) 8.- My uncle years.

You have been

2 - The

PERFECTO

restaurant

a

partes (

VACIOS CON HAVE ""

I have b e e n

SSIVE 1 - They

in

2.- The Football

( u n d e r s t a n d ) 9.LOS E S P A C I O S >

LLENA

Smith

( s l e e p ) 3.- The baby ( t e a c h ) 4.- Dalia

semester -_J

E X E R C I S E S LLENA

DEL PRESENTE

b ruary.

studied

"We have b e e n

1.- Mr.

LA FORMA

2 hours.

9.-

She has been drinking

some

medicine. .4.Alfred Alfred

10.-

We have been

forgetting

something

important

studied estudió

0 B S E R V E very hard. He got a one hundred in M a t h e m a t i c muchísimo. El obtuvo un cien en m a t e m á t i c a s .

"Exams'

He got a one El o b t u v o un

hundred. cien.

Because he had studied hard. Porque él había estudiado mucho.

E

X

E

R

C

I

S

E

S

: 6.-

Henry

had

liked

the first

picture.

LLENA LOS ESPACIOS VACIOS, ESCRIBE LA FORMA DEL ANTEPRETERITO. 7.- They had worked E x a m p l e

in that

factory

before.

:

Charles had opened his book before the teacher asked us to. (open) 1.- They

8.-

Johnathan

9.-

Nobody

had

checked

up his car b e f o r e v a c a t i o n s

began

in this school for 2 years, (study).

2.- We

that novel before, (read)

3.- The teams

to play when it began to rain, (begin)

4.- The fans

Michael since he showed up on the stage, (see)

5.- The tourists

10.-

had w r i t t e n

Johnny

had

sung

the

that

first e x e r c i s e .

song

in a party.

in that area before the accident happened.

(swim) 6.- Michael and Mary

only two tickets for tonight, (get)

III.- LLENA

LOS E S P A C I O S

VAGIOS-DE

ACUERDO

CON

LO QUE SE

INDICA.

*

7.- The Lopezes

to school because their son failed the semester,

1.-

his homework when the bell rang, (finish)

all

the past

participle

rules

h ab i a memor izado (memor i z e )

(come) 8.- Mr. Rodriguez

Anna

2.- The Reagans

to stay

in California

- -

(habTan decid ido ) 9.- Many people 10.- I

a lot of dollars before it raised, (change) the experiment before I studied the topic, (observe)

(decide) 3.-

at

The program había

4.-

Elvis

to sing when he was h ab i a

TRADUCE LAS SIGUIENTES 0RACI0NES: 5.- The

teacher

(finish) a boy.

(begin)

comenzado

^^ h abTa visit ad o

1.- They had followed the instructions because it was necessary. 6.-

P.M.

t. e rminado

Tom

the new

the first

sentence,

laboratory,

(visit)

(say)

h ab i a d i c h o 2.- Many students had decided to stay home.

3.- She had understood all the information she received.

7

.-

The students / ^ (carry)

their books habían

9.-

h er v a c a t i o n s

10

Don

us

some funny

jokes,

(enjoy)

(tell)

contado

- Sylvia

for hab í a corrido

5.- Joe and Liz had bought some popcorn before they went in.

in Canada,

disfrutado

nos había

4.- His brother had explained him how to do it.

laboratory

cargado °

8 - - She había

to the

45 minutes-

(run)

E

S

E

R

C

I

S

E

S

:

LLENA LOS ESPACIOS VACIOS, ESCRIBE EL PASADO PERFECTO PROGRESIVO. E

x

a

m

p

l

e

:

Cristina HAD BEEN BUYING some shoes before the shoe store closed. 1.- The Biology teacher

a new topic, (teach)

2.- Bob

before Jane arrived, (sleep)

3.- We

a new lesson when she knocked the door.

(study) 4.- They

on the divan before their mother got. (play)

5.- Mr. Thompson 6.- Billy

for 8 hours, (work) before Mary called up. (sing)

v

7.- The students

since four o'clock, (copy)

8.- Gregory

some jokes in class, (tell)

9.- We

some exams before vacation began, (take)

10.- She

some sentences before he asked her to. (say)

LLENA LOS ESPACIOS VACIOS. 1.- She

a new magazine, (read) hab ía

estado

leyendo

2.- It

for an hour, (rain) había estado lloviendo

3.- Steve

in a school, (work) había estado trabajando

4.- Jennifer

her book during exams, (open) había estado

abriendo

5.- Kate

close to Mario (sit down) había estado sentándose

6.- Jackiie

to Greece, (travel) hab ía

estado

viajando

7.- Adolph

some experiments, (observe) había

estado

observando

.- We

new books, (buy) habíamos estado comprando

9.- Dorothy

in the U.S.A. (stydy) había estado estudiando

10.- They

many people (meet) habían estado conociendo 28

2.7

III.-TRADUCE 1. They

AL

ESPANOL.

had been

2.- My friends

The

Only

had

teacher

five

sleeping

had been

students

8.-

had been

You had been

Some boys

drinking

home.

dictionary.

some

cups of

had been u n d e r s t a n d i n g

in the

deciding

following

9.- We had been using

10.-

Ann got

been using my new

It had been raining

7.- They

before

the date

the new

this new

had been

South of

reading

coffee.

this new

topic

California.

since

August.

rules.

structure.

some French

woras

U

it*

rg'l

jf" jl'y

V LIBRA

^n nr r — y

u-4

i-i

L.

LLENA LOS ESPACIOS VACIOS CON LA FORMA DEL FUTURO PERFECTO. f :

E j e m p l o :

Hellen WILL HAVE SLEPT till 10.00 A.M. (sleep) 1.- These workers

_this building by August, (finish)

2.- By tomorrow, they

24 hours, (drive)

3.- They

_many souvenirs in Europe, (buy)

4.- She

something about the Eiffel Tower.

5.- They

_ the subway in Paris, (take)

6.- Mike and Angel

some

7.- The tourist guide (travel) 8.- They

words in French, (understand)

many times before this one. - -

*

many interesting places, (visit)

9.- Mr. Lopez

the French wines.

rich - as rich as 8.- You can be rich if you work in a circus. You are ugly - as ugly as

Frankenstein.

___ she. older than - younger than

9.- I am not

Frankenstein ugly - uglier than

II.-LLENA LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO.

10

You say that, because I am

you, distinguished - more distinguished

1.- I am

you about the exams. mas ansioso que

IV.- LLENA LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO.

2.- My house is

yours . mas

nueva

que

3.- Vacations in Can Cun are

___ a good medicine mas efectivas

que

When it begins, we are

4.- Going to the movies is

going mas

satisfactorio

to

clas

s.

. mas

famoso

^Michael. que

felices .

que

5.- This mango is _ that apple. mas" fresco que 6.- Water is __ ood . mas necesaria que 7.- The Rockefellers are the Smiths. mas ricos que 8.- Michael is Steeve Wonder. mas joven que 9.- The Beatles' music is disco music. mas maravillosa que 10.- Mick Jagger was

1.- Students love the month of May because there are many holidays.

2.-r We are

.when we went to South Padre Island mas felices que

3.- I am

children in Christmas. tan feliz

COBJO

4.- We are very

about the graduation days. ansiosos

5.- May aid June are very

months. importantes 58

the other months of the year,

6.- They are

TODO LO VISTO HASTA HORA SOBRE ADJETIVOS ESTA RESUMIDO EN EL SIGUIENTE -

mas importantes que

CUADRO. AL LLEGAR A ESTE PUNTO, TODO DEBE HABER SIDO COMPRENDIDO, SI ES -

the whole course.

7.- Our graduation is

ASI, MEMORIZA EL MENCIONADO CUADRO, DE LO CONTRARIO, REPASA ANTES AQUELLO

tan importante como

QUE NO HAYAS COMPRENDIDO.

last semesters

. - Getting good marks now is mas necesario que

our distinguished friends.

9.- I know we can be tan brillantes como 10.- Having my diploma will be very

satisfactorio

COMPARATIVO

DE

IGUALDAD:

...AS

V .-LLENA LOS ESPACIOS CORRESPONDIENTES A CADA ADJETIVO, SEGUN LOS DOS PRIMEROS CASOS USADOS COMO EJEMPLOS: COMPARATIVO

ANSIOSO

ADJETIVO EN INGLES ANXIOUS

COMPARATIVO DE IGUALDAD .AS ANXIOUS AS..

COMPARATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD ..MORE ANXIOUS THAN,

BRILLANTE

BRILLIANT

.AS BRILLIANT AS

MORE BRILLIANT THAN,

1. DISTINGUIDO

,

2. EFECTIVO 3 . FAMOSO

__

_

.

4. FELIZ 5. FEO 6. FRESCO

_____

__

7. GRANDE 8. IMPORTANTE

_

9. JOVEN 10. MARAVILLOSO 11. NECESARIO 12. NUEVO 13. RICO 14. SATISFACTORIO 15.- VIEJO NOTA: SI HAY DUDA AL EJECUTAR ESTE ULTIMO EJERCICIO, REPASA LOS ANTERIORES PARA TENER UNA MAYOR SEGURIDAD EN EL USO DE LOS GRADOS ESTUDIADOS. 59

D E SUPERIORIDAD

ADJETIVOS DE UNA SILABA:

ER (Than)

ADJETIVOS DE DOS SILABAS:

ER (Than)

ADJETIVOS DE DOS SILABAS: MORE

(Than)

ADJETIVOS DE TRES SILABAS 0 MAS: MORE

(Than)

G R A D O S

DEL

A D J E T I V O

(Rápido)

II

(Interesante)

(Tarde)

ESCRIBE CINCO VECES CADA UNA DE LAS SIGUIENTES PALABRAS EN INGLES:

(Atractivo.)

(Hermoso)

(Capaz)

FAST

ATTRACTIVE

BEAUTIFUL

INTERESTING

LATE

CAPABLE

(Pobre)

POOR

(Triste)

SAD

(Pequeño)

SMALL

(Util)

(Alto)

(Fuerte )

M

E

M

0

COMPARATIVO

R

I

A

R

DE I N F E R I O R I D A D

• . «LESS

Than

USEFUL

TALL

STRONG

Z

E X E R C I S E S "»»min

LLENA FILL

LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO CON EL C O M P A R A T I V O IN THE

DE

INFERIORIDAD.

BLANKS.

• ;¡¡ si 4.3..COMPARACION

DE I N F E R I O R I D A D .

OBSERVA

LO

I am

I am 40 years

S ara

Frank is less rich than Frank es menos rico que Sam

is 1 s s oíd

than

old.

Frank.

que

Frank

is less tall

than

Sam.

Frank

es menos

que

Sam.

Sam

is less

sad

Sam está menos

than

years

50 old

Frank

Sam. Sam.

Sam es m nos viejo

alto

SIGUIENTE

Frank.

Frank.

triste que

Frank.

You

are

Tarzan s trong

III.-LLENA LOS E S P A C I O S 1.- Peter

EN

is

y o u

menos The b i c y c l e

capaz

in

Mathematics.

que

2.- You are

the ca:

is

BLANCO.

_him. mas aplicado

fast

3.- My c o m p o s i t i o n s

que

in grammar

are _____

yours.

tan interesantes 4.- English

is

Mathematics. mas

XI.- LLENA

LOS E S P A C I O S

EN

5.- Spanish

BLANCO.

fácil

1.-

I visited

Laredo

an San Antonio

"Un*

last v a c a t i o n . Lareso

Algebra.

interesante

2.- My b r o t h e r

6.- A l g e b r a

set and radio

The radio was

_ menos

'<

3.- R e s t a u r a n t s

in Laredo

caro

t h e

in

7.- M a t h e m a t i c s

Laredo.

television

is

Literature.

set. 8.- T r i g o n o m e t r y

atractivos

interesante

que

is

Mathematics.

restaura

are

como

menos

que

menos in San

Trigonometry. tan útil

bought a television

que

is

que

' 11 > :

difícil

is

San Antonio . menos

que

is menos

A

como

tan difícil

como

que 9.- Ana

Antonio.

is

Bertha. tan capaz

como

i. i

4.- We returned home

at 5.00 P . M . It was menos

5.-

the other

day.

I bought

a small

6.-

an " A t a r i " .

hermosa

-

"Ataris" are que

radios . from

radios

the U . S . A . are menos

from 8.- Using

pequeños

que

Japan. a micro-computer

playing

is menos

facil

IV.-

LLENA

LOS ESPACIOS

AL P R I N C I P I O ,

que

m e n o s utiles

7.- Radios

exercise was

______ difícil

menos my

menos

Benjamin bought

10.- This

que

T . V . set. It is

bro ther's.

I"'"1' H,,,,,

tarde

- - -

que

Less Less Less Less Less Less

EN BLANCO CON LAS E X P R E S I O N E S

BUSCANDO

difficult big than old than important late than necessary

1.- Monterrey

the first

UNA R E S P U E S T A

one.

que QUE

SE DAN

--

LOGICA.

than

than than

is

Mexico

2.- Cerra lvo is

__

City

Monterrey.

v ideogames . 3.- Sodas 9.- Playing

domino

requires movements

which

menos those

for

playing

are

water.

are rápidos

4.- My teacher

is 40 years o l d .

videogames.

him .

que 10.- Radios

are

T.V.

usually menos 6-5

grandes

I am 17 year's o l d . So, I am -

que

sets.

5.- My teacher He entered

entered

to class

5 minutes

late

yesterday .

10 minutes

late

today, so today

yesterday.

he was

LLENA

LOS E S P A C I O S

CORRESPONDIENTES

A CADA A D J E T I V O ,

SEGUN

LOS ESTRUCTURA DE LOS SUPERLATIVOS I

DOS P R I M E R O S

CASOS

USADOS

COMO

EJEMPLO:

COMPARATIVO

COMPARATIVO

DE

CASO

DE

SUPERIORIDAD

INFERIORIDAD ATTRACTIVE

LESS A T T R A C T I V E

EASY

LESS EASY

MORE A T T R A C T I V E

THAN

EASIER

THAN

#

1.

Agustín Lara was the THINNEST of all musicians in the 6 0's. Agustín Lara era el MAS DELGADO DE todos los músicos de los 6 0-s. THAh Mr. Vargas is the OLDEST of all good mexican singers. El Sr. Vargas es el MAS VIEJO DE todos los buenos cantantes.

THAN.

Nelson is the SHORTEST of all Brazilian singers.

1. - B E A U T I F U L

Nelson es el MAS CHAPARRO DE todos los cantantes Brasileños.

2 .- LATE 3 . - IMPORTANT

Vittorino is the FATTEST singer of this program. Vittorino es el cantante MAS GORDO de este programa.

_

4 . - SMALL

IT Juan Gabriel is one of the YOUNGEST composers of popular music. Juan Gabriel es uno de los MAS JOVENES compositores de música popular

5 . - CAPABLE 6 . - SAD, 7 .- DILIGENT 8 .- POOR

THIN: OLD: SHORT: FAT: YOUNG:

—

9 . - EXPENSIVE 10 . - F A S T

—

11. -

INTERESTING

12 . -

STRONG

13 . -

USEFUL

14. -

TALL

15 , -

NECESSARY

TODO

LO VISTO HASTA

SIGUIENTE AUN NO

—

CASO

AHORA

SOBRE

REVISALO

(

A los adjetivos de una sílaba se les agrega la terminación EST.

2.

ADJETIVOS

Y MEMORIZA

ESTA

AQUELLO

RESUMIDO QUE

EN

CONSIDERES

DE

AS . .

. . . AS

IGUALDAD:

- The MOST DIFFICULT problem is passing the customs office. El problema MAS DIFICIL es pasar la oficina de la aduana.

ADJETIVOS

DE UNA

SILABA:

ER

(Than)

ADJETIVOS

DE DOS

SILABAS:

ER

(Than)

ADJETIVOS

DE DOS

SILABAS: MORE

ADJETIVOS

DE TRES

COMPARATIVO

- Some people buy the MOST BEAUTIFUL presents in Mb Allen. Algunas gentes compran los MAS HERMOSOS regalos en f-fc Alien. - My father says: "The MOST WONDERFUL presents are the MOST EXPENSIVE" •Mi papá die e: "Los regalos MAS MARAVILLOSOS son los MAS CAROS".

COMPARATIVO

SUPERIORIDAD

of' of of of of

Muchas amas de casa piensan que el viaje MAS INTERESANTE es ir a - — Laredo.

DOMINAR.

D E

THINNEST OLDEST SHORTEST FATTEST YOUNGEST

- Many Housewives think that the MOST INTERESTING trip is going to - . Laredo.

CUADRO.

COMPARATIVO

#

The The The The The

O MAS

DE I N F E R I O R I D A D : 6-7

SILABAS: MORE LESS

(Than) (Than) (Than)

- Employees at the customs office are sometines the MOST AGREEABLE. Los empleados de la oficina de la aduana algunas veces son los MAS AGRADABLES.

INTERESTING :

The M O S T

INTERESTING

BEAUTIFUL :

The M O S T BEAUTIFUL

of

WONDERFUL

The M O S T W O N D E R F U L

of

EXPENSIVE

The M O S T

EXPENSIVE

of

DIFFICULT

The M O S T D I F F I C U L T

of

AGREEABLE

The M O S T A G R E E A B L E

of

Caso 1--

#

A los adjetivos o mas

sílabas

antepone

se

de

tres

les --

la palabra

las

2.- This d i c t i o n a r y Este d i c c i o n a r i o

MOST .

I was

trate

de

ser

the MOST CAREFUL

student

when-

el estudiante

MAS

was

the M O S T USEFUL of all my

fue el MAS

UTIL de

student

ANXIOUS

the M O S T the MOST The MOST

EASY

The

HAPPY

The.HAPPIEST

PRETTY

The

la mas refrescante orange juice. el mas delicioso 3.- We are

todos mis

about

4.- People in this restaurant are

libros.

knowing my

CAREFUL USEFUL ANXIOUS

clients in this restaurant. los mas generosos

books.

los mas atentos. either.

5.- Prices are not \

grades.

This was the P R E T T I E S T report card of all my s e m e s t e r s . Este fue el reporte de c a l i f i c a c i o n e s MAS BONITO de todos mis s eme stres-

USEFUL

a) more expensive than b) the most expensive

of all these sodas.

CUIDADOSO -

preguntas.

the M O S T ANXIOUS

CAREFUL

a) more attentive than b) the most attentive

2.- You are going to drink

Yo era el estudiante que estaba MAS A N S I O S O por conocer miscal if icac iones . 5-- We were the H A P P I E S T students in school when the teacher - read the results N o s o t r o s fuimos los e s t u d i a n t e s mas felices de la escuela -cuando el m a e s t r o nos dio los r e s u l t a d o s . 6.-

a) more delicious than b) the most delicious

a) more refreshing than b) the most refreshing

3.- The first part was the E A S I E S T of all the exam. La primfera parte fue La MAS FACIL de todo el examen. 4.-

) more generous than ) the most generous b

a

1.- I want to have

el examen

al contestar

a) slower than b) the slowest

- -

3 .

During the exam I tried to be answering the q u e s t i o n s . Durante

I.- LLENA LOS ESPACIOS CON LAS EXPRESIONES QUE SE DAN AL PRINCIPIO DEL - EJERCICIO.

of|

--

of ) 6 algunos adjetivos d se les o f . 7cíos sílabas j \antepone la palabra of * ^ MOST.

los mas

caros

II.-LLENA EL ESPACIO EN BIANCO DE CADA ORACION CON EL ADJETIVO QUE ESIA AL PRINCIPIO EN LA FORMA CORRECTA DEL COMPARATIVO CORRESPONDIENTE. 1.- (Old). Sam is 6 0 years old. Tom is 40 and Mike is 32. So, Sam is of them all. 2.- (Tall) (Short). I am 1.75 mts. My brother is 1.35 mts. and my sister 1.50 mts. So, I am of everybody and my brother is of all. 3.- (Poor). Rafael is poor. He has 30 pesos. Juan is poor too, he has 20 pesos, but Miguel has only 5 pesos, so he is Q f all. 4.- (Slow) My car runs up to 20 Km.p.h.

Peter's car rums up to 80 km.p.h.

and Jane's car runs up to 100 Kmvp.h. EASIEST

PRETTIEST

A otros adjetivos (de dos s í l a b a s ) se les agrega la terminación EST-

is

--

so my car is

of these cars. 5.- (Anxious). My sister was

of all ray family about the -

c ar exhibit . 6 .- (Useful). She knew that a car might be

of all her -

properties . 7.- (Careful). I told her I would be

of all drivers.

8.- (Easy). Her car is

°f

a11 to

9.- (Pretty). It is

of all our cars.

10.- (Happy). Having it, makes us

drive

*

_ _ p f all families in

ESTRUCTURA DE LOS SUPERLATIVOS II

1 - Agustin Lara was the LEAST FAT of all artists in the 60's Agustín U r a era el MENOS GORDO de todos los artistas en los 6 0's

our ranch.

2.- vargas is the LEAST YOUNG of today's singers. III.-LLENA LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO CON EL SUPERLATIVO DE SUPERIORIDAD DE LOS ADJETIVOS INDICADOS.

Vargas es el MENOS JOVEN de los cantantes de ahora. 3.- Nelson is the LEAST TALL of all Brazilian singers.

1.- We wanted to read

Nelson es el MENOS ALTO de todos los cantantes Brasileños.

story from this book. int ere sting

2.- Albert copied one of

4.- Vittorino is the LEAST THIN of all modem singers _exercises.

Vittorino es el MENOS DELGADO de todos los cantantes modernos.

easy 5.- Juan Gabriel is the LEAST OLD of all modern composers 3.- Your story book is ____ big

of all.

4.- It is also

all these books.

Juan Gabriel es el MENOS VIEJO de todos los compositores modernos.

expensive 5.- This telephone book is

of all the books you got. useful

6

?f

Our Bible is

our

books.

FAT

:

YOUNG: TALL : THIN : OLD :

The LEAST FAT The The The The

LEAST LEAST LEAST LEAST

YOUNG TALL THIN OLD

of of of of of

El superlativo de inferioridad se formo' con (the) LEAST.

small of

7.- It is the smallest and

them.

old 8.- Encyclopedias are

books in a library.

1 - Mr. Pavaroti is one of the LEAST DISTINGUISHED artists of pop music El Sr. Pavaroti es uno de los MENOS DISTINGUIDOS artistas de música "pop".

important 9.- The librarian is

person when the library is silent happy

10.- We have

book collection in our library. new

2 - Singing pop music is the LEAST DIFFICULT of all tasks for opera singers Cantar música "pop" es la MENOS DIFICIL de todas las tareas para los cantantes de ópera. 3.- It is also the LEAST SATISFACTORY for them. Es también la MENOS SATISFACTORIA para ellos. Being famous as a Rock singer is the LEAST ATTRACTIVE for Mr. Vargas. Ser famoso como cantante de Rock es lo MENOS ATRACTIVO para el Sr Vargas . 5 - Man opera singers think that popular music is the LEAST WONDERFUL of all this art. Muchos cantantes de ópera piensan que la música popular es la MENOS MARAVILLOSA de todo este arte.

71

72

REPASO DEL The The The The The

DISTINGUISHED DIFFICULT SATISFACTORY ATTRACTIVE WONDERFUL

C

O

N

LEAST LEAST LEAST LEAST LEAST

C

L

DISTINGUISHED

of

DIFFICULT SATISFACTORY ATTRACTIVE WONDERFUL

of of of of

U

S

El superlativo de inferioridad se formó con (the)LEAST

V. ANOTA EN EL PARENTFST«; ncA T\ a AK , _ - N T E S I S DE CADA O R A C I O N , EL NUMERO A7 AL A AD DJ JE ET TI IV VO O IISAnn USADO EN LA MISMA AL ttm TA

) Try to be agreeable in school. ) I say "Hello" to pretty g i r l s o n l y , ) We are attentive to e v e r y b o d y . You looked anxious y e s t e r d a y . Your car ran very fast to school. No, I was very happy y e s t e r d a y . It was because I saw a g e n e r o u s man ; He 15 m y u n c l e , a young m a n . ) Who is not very thin. ) He is rather fat. ) He walks very slow. ) And came in a small car. ) WitlT a careful m o v e m e n t . ) He gave me a big cake. ) Which was d e l i c i o u s .

I O N

El superlativo de inferioridad se forma con la expresión (the) LEAST. Sin importar el número de sílabas del adjet ivo.

IV.-LLENA LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO CON EL SUPERLATIVO DE INFERIORIDAD DE LOS ADJETIVOS INDICADOS. THIN

OLD

WONDERFUL

EXPENSIVE

TALL

RICH

DELICIOUS

INTERESTING

FAT

SLOW

AGREEABLE

LARGE

I. LLENA LOS ESPACIOS uAoU .

CORRESPONDIENTF

1 . Agr adab 1 e 2 . An s i o s o 3 . Atento 4 . Bon i ta(o ) 5 . Caro 6 . Cu idadoso 7 . Delgado 8 . Delicioso 9 . Feliz 10. Generoso 11 . Gordo 12 . Gr ande 13 . Joven 14 . Lento 15 . Pequeño 16. Rico 17. Veloz

EN BLANCO CON LA EXPRESION

P R I M E R A

of these sandwiches.

1.- I prepared

VOCABULARIO

INDICADA

EN

CADA

P A R T E

el menos delicioso of my friend•

2.- Don't eat hamburguers, I want you to be el Tien os

los menos delgados task we have now.

J Try to get

3--

el men os veloz When you drive it, you are

4--

We know you are y u dre

-~

restaurants in town

Few ladies like visiting los menos maravill )sos

cars.

bonito ~ c them. of not

If you drive of

6--

all

Uncle

-i ^ k • in this group when

el m&nos agradable this car you should not

you a car.

drive

be

drivers.

Tom will not buy

you

eT'menos"

cuidadoso"

el menos

generoTo""

He is

restaurará .

?.- When I went to Mexico City I visited

9.- Its building is

2--

5

la menos agradable

el meno 5 grande are ìs of the c it y

8.- It was in one of

^f or these

in our family.

4.- If we drink and eat a lot we will be

6

'

y

el menos

los menos caros

5.- Not eating is

You m u s t not buy

gordo

wines when mating.

3.- He likes

1--

las menos antiguas in that block. el menos alto people.

10.- It is visited not only by las menos ricas

our uncles-

of these c a r s el menos pequeño 8-- When we bought it Richard was people el menos ansioso 7

--

I bought _

74

of

all

p r e s e n L

.

9.- The car is

of all the cars we have had.

VIII. LLENA LOS ESPACIOS CORRESPONDIENTES A CADA ADJETIVO SHGUN LOS PRIMEROS

el mas lento 10.- It is

CASOS USADOS COMO EJEMPLO:

of them. el menos

lento THIN DIFFICULT

VII.-

SEGUNDA

PARTF 1.- AGREEABLE

11.- To celebrate the acquisition we had a party, but M.-ry of ail our friends.

was la

menos atenta

3.- ATTENTIVE

12.- However, she was 13.14.35.-

lo.17.-

when serving the cake la mas rapida : ., She gave me ___ of all pieces of cake. el menos delicioso ' *' • v v' I wanted of these pieces. el mas grande > ' ' ' v > ^ • Her brother ate hamburguers. sodas and ca?

7

7

5

f--

4M.'-

•

C

i

^

Is®-

6.- SLOW 7.- GENEROUS 8.- BIG 9.- REFRESHING 10.- ANXIOUS 11.- CAREFUL 12.- EASY

15.- USEFUL

in town las

5 -- DELICIOUS

14.- PRETTY

¡. .

20.- This family is one of

4.- SHORT

13.- HAPPY

in my family. .. :, of all this family.

is also e

r

2.- FAT

THE THINNEST (OF) THE MOST DIFFICULT (OF)

THE LEAST THIN (OF) THE LEAST DIFFICULT (OF)

COMENTARIO: SI AL DESARROLLAR ESTE EJERCICIO. SURGIERON DUDAS O CONFUSIONES REPASA LOS EJERCICIOS ANTERIORES Y REPITE NUEVAMENTE ESTE EJERCICIO-

4.5.(Bueno )

ADJETIVOS (Mal-o)7

IRREGULARES r ir « -P ^ ; \ vEnfermo

(Bien )

EL SIGUIENTE CUADRO NOS AYUDARA A VISUALIZAR LA ESTRUCTURA DEL GRADO SUPERLATIVO. TANTO DEL DE SUPERIORIDAD. COMO EL DE INFERIORIDAD.

1 S U P E

R L A T I VOS

2.

DE SurtKIUKIDAD ADJETIVOS DE UNA SILABA

: (The)

EST (of)

ADJETIVOS DE DOS SILABAS

: (The)

EST (of)

ADJETIVOS DE DOS SILABAS ADJETIVOS DE TRES 0 MAS-

: (The) MOST

(of)

SILABAS

: (The) MOST

(of)

GOOD

BAD

ILL

WELL

*

DE INFERIORIDAD ADJETIVOS DE UNA. DOS 0 MAS SILABAS

: (The) LEAST

(of) (Muchos)

(Mucho)

—

MANY

MUCH

e

(Poco-s)

O

(Le j os )

D

LITTLE

FAR

(Viejo) LLENA LOS ESPACIOS EN BLANCO CON LOS ADJETIVOS IRREGULARES EN LOS GRADOS QUE SE INDICAN EN CADA CASO.

You are not a

boy. Some of your friends are mal

„ peores

than you. Anyway I want you to be a

guy

bu«

and

you

__

can

bueno OLD

be

—

mejor

que

Y°

ur

brother. Try to be like me. I am

: el

all our family. mejor

...

de of my friends know it. I am known by

Muchos

ma 8

people than you. y

them are my friends. La

mayor

parte

de

When people know that you are Los adietivos formar

que no siguen

sus grados

los p r o c e d i m i e n t o s

comparativo

i r r e g u l a r e s , veamos

regulares

y s u p e r l a t i v o , se dice que Ue la siguiente lista: C O M P A R A T I V O DE SUPERIORIDAD

-I

the boys in this

para-, son

el peor

BAD

(Malo)

S U P E R L A T I V O DE SUPERIORIDAD

2 - - ILL (Enfermo)- - 3.- GOOD

(Bueno)

4.-

(Bien)

WELL

5 - - MANY 6 7.-

MUCH

(Muchos)- (Mucho) . - -

LITTLE

8 . - FAR 9.- OLD

(Poco-s)

(Lejos) - - - (Viejo) - . - -

WORSE

WORST

WORSE

WSST

de

city, very

can be done. Pay attention to advises of

BETTER

BEST

BETTER

BEST

MORE

M 0 S T

MORE

M 0 S T

LESS LESSER

LEAST

FARTHER FURTHER

FARTHEST FURTHEST

OLDER ELDER

OLDEST EIDEST

- -

poco men

mas viejos

*

el

mas

viejo

grandpa, but now he is 1.-

-

our family

de

is

and last week he was enfermo

now. Sunday was his peor que

day, now he peor

is much

D Be a

mejor J yourself.

8Q

7 ' bueno

boy. Behave

>>

COMPREHENSION

4.6.-

A

Talking

about

BEST OF them«

GOOD

shows,

<

READING

<

SHOW

some people

It is one of THE

OLDEST

think

that

circus

spectacles

that

is

THE

still -

w

exists n o w a d a y s When w e knew coming

that one of

to Monterrey, we began

THE M O S T FAMOUS of them was

- -

to get ready because we wanted

s CO

to see

the show which

I consider

MORE A T T R A C T I V E

THAN w

the mov i e s . My father "The

Ring 1ing

WONDERFUL The is not

THAN

says

Brothers

the

"Atayde"

C i r c u s " and

"The Dumbar's

"Capulina

LESS

that

BEAUTIFUL-

is AS

I think

INTERESTING they

AS - -

are MORE

OS

- - -

Circus-"

C i r c u s " is SMALLER

O THAN the

"Atayde" but

" C e p i l l i n " has his own circus which

it

as

is Q

not

THE LEAST EXPENSIVE

OF

them. <

"Parchis

Show" is THE N E W E S T circus

that has come

to

this CD

c ity O I like all of them

and

I know

rH •H 6 tO in H 3 0 >s 2 hH

MOST people

like

them

too-

ai H 2 W s o z w w co CO o Cl < ai o co S co

G D O W fa ce KH CO o fa

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w

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w fa H 2 W (—1 D O h-1 W fa W 2 fa O G < N! W t-t ÙJ H r—l co

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to •H -C E

W H 2 M fa OS O Z

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