BACKGROUND According to Brillantes and Ruiz (2022), President Ferdinand Marcos, Jr.'s first state of the nation address included several references to the imperatives of governance reform, specifically the need to “rightsize” the bureaucracy. This would be enabled by the proposed National Government Reorganization Plan (NGRP). This was expected considering that all presidents since President Quezon in the ‘30s up to President Duterte in 2017 included the imperative to reform government as top in their agenda. All reform interventions, variously referred to as “reorganization,” “reengineering,” “reinventing,” “rationalizing,” and “rightsizing” initiatives underscored the fundamental principles of economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. It was, therefore, not surprising that President Marcos, Jr., like his predecessors, underscored the need to reform the government through a “rightsizing” process. Earlier, President Marcos, Jr. issued EO 1 reorganizing the Office of the President. In his state of the nation address, he also highlighted the urgency of putting the house in order “by rightsizing the government to enhance its institutional capacity to perform its mandate and provide better services while ensuring optimal use of resources.” Indeed, reforming institutions, in this case, “rightsizing,” is not new. They are all premised on fundamental management principles of efficiency, economy, and effectiveness (known as the classic 3Es on management). Over the years, based on studies and interactions between and among academics and practitioners in public administration at the local, national and global levels, it is equally important and relevant to include the principles of equity and ethics in any public sector reform intervention. Equity has two dimensions: one is a preference for the poor and the vulnerable, and the other is an effort to reform governance. Ethics means knowing what is right from wrong. At the global level, most governments which had experienced the perils of COVID-19 are now venturing into various public sector reform initiatives in light of the continuing impact of the pandemic. These programs are intended to help governments become more agile, responsive, and innovative as they continue to navigate the pandemic. However, problems in the global community are exacerbated due to the ongoing war in Ukraine brought about by the invasion of Russian forces. The war has disrupted the global supply chain of food, gas, energy, medicine, and the like. Against this backdrop of a new administration in the Philippines ushering in public sector reforms while reeling from continuing global challenges, the 2022 Philippine Society of Public Administration International Conference, the country’s biggest gathering of students, scholars, and practitioners of the discipline, will once again convene, this time on a hybrid approach, on November 22-24, 2022. As in previous PSPA conferences, the participation of eminent academics, scholars, and practitioners of public administration both internationally and locally to discuss and share their work in plenary and break-out sessions is expected and highly anticipated.

RATIONALE The 2022 PSPA International Conference is an opportune time to pursue once again public sector reforms in the spirit of implementing pending programs and services, continuing the best practices of past administrations, and further promoting accountability. The 2022 PSPA International Conference is co-organized by the Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela (PLV), Cebu Normal University (CNU), Graduate School of Public and Development Management-Development Academy of the Philippines (DAP-GSPDM), University of the Philippines – National College of Public Administration and Governance (UP-NCPAG), Benilde School of Diplomacy and Governance, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Washington Global Institute (WGI), Senate of the Philippines, International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration (IASIA), Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Association of Schools of Public Administration in the Philippines (ASPAP), NCPAG Governance Futures Lab, University of Makati-College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies (UMAK-CCAPS), the Philippine Futures Thinking Society (PhilFutures), and Don Honorio Ventura State University (DHVSU).

To all our fellow public administrators and academicians, as we commemorate our first ever international conference in a live space filled with warm people after two (2) years of holding it virtually, it is my great pleasure to welcome you all to the 2022 Philippine Society of Public Administration International Conference. In the years 2020 and 2021, we have gathered and convened to amplify our call on bringing back the essence of public administration and governance while facing the global pandemic. Looking back, we have assessed the impact of having a volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) world and its relevance to the ground understanding of public policies and knowledge co-creation. As we continue to address the COVID-19 pandemic, we are also welcomed with the new administration accompanied with the agenda of reforming and rehabilitating the Philippine bureaucracy. As we celebrate and engage with the global connection of the Public Administration community for the next three (3) days of this conference, I am immensely grateful for your dedication and consistent pursuit to go hand-in-hand with us to produce knowledge that is accessible, relevant, objective, and evidencebased. As we seize with this year’s theme of “Bringing Back Equity and Ethics in Philippine Public Administration and Governance”, we take into consideration the new administration’s vision and plan in the rehabilitation of our economic agenda. Equity in governance can be classified into two: one is for the preference of the marginalized sectors and the other one is the measures in providing transparent reform in the government. Why are ethics and equity imperative traits that every public administrator should possess? In any public sector intervention, ethics and equity go well together in evaluating processes, policies, and provisions that affect the entirety of a nation. Ethics, as defined by the books, ensures accountability in the manner of executing policies and administrative works. As we pursue reforms in the public sector, good ethics enables us to proactively communicate with our constituents in a timely and responsive manner. As scholars of public administration, the role of ethics gives us a fresh perspective of understanding the social realities — using the lens of reformist governance. At the same time, ethics creates a two-way communication that posits a collaborative exercise. In our agenda to amplify positive reforms in the Philippine bureaucracy, public administrators should center its goal in creating an ethical environment for the communities. The COVID19 pandemic taught us to reevaluate our existing systems and to integrate ethical understanding into public policies which implicate positive feedback from the people. Equity enables us to situate ourselves in the presence of the marginalized sectors. In planning reforms within the scope of our initiatives, we need to ensure that all of these are encapsulated to the most urgent concerns of the society. All of our initiative to transform and regenerate knowledge should be based on the struggles of these sectors in order to fully implement humanistic reforms in the Philippine bureaucracy. In President Bongbong Marcos’s First State of the Nation Address, he discussed the relevance of rightsizing in the government which is considered as a fundamental capacity in utilizing the skills and capabilities of the public personnel. This is geared towards the improvement of providing better services for the people – ensuring that everyone has the capacity to serve with utmost relevance to the economic progress of the country. In evaluating the global effects of pandemic into the different states, we have seen the role of reformative governance in transforming former systems into more agile and responsive to the VUCA world. The Philippines, in its essence, is not different from any of this as we faced numerous

setbacks in integrating mechanistic and organic approaches to our systems. Although there is an underlying vulnerability to this, the Philippines integrated some philosophies in conducting dialogues with intellectual mindset from the best practices from the global, national, and local government. As we push for the public discourse on the importance of ethics and equity, may we integrate our mindset towards the praxis and ideals of PSPA — knowledge creation and phronetic leadership. Let us continue to transform spaces and bridge the gaps towards a humane and ethical public administration space. The public sector is considered as an essential aspect in the advancement of good governance in our country. Let us amplify this platform to sustain and stimulate the spirit of volunteerism that is vibrant, innovative, and agile. Let us remember that the core and foundation of public administration is ethics and equity as we continue to navigate the challenges brought by the Fourth Industrial Revolution. May we uphold transparency and accountability in the highest standards of our practice in the public service. Finally, I would like to extend my gratitude to our partners: Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela (PLV), Cebu Normal University (CNU), Graduate School of Public and Development ManagementDevelopment Academy of the Philippines (DAP-GSPDM), University of the Philippines – National College of Public Administration and Governance (UP-NCPAG), Benilde School of Diplomacy and Governance, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung (FES), Washington Global Institute (WGI), Senate of the Philippines, International Association of Schools and Institutes of Administration (IASIA), Polytechnic University of the Philippines (PUP), Association of Schools of Public Administration in the Philippines (ASPAP), NCPAG Governance Futures Lab, University of Makati-College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies (UMAK-CCAPS), the Philippine Futures Thinking Society (PhilFutures), Don Honorio Ventura State University (DHVSU), City Government of Ormoc and DILG Ormoc.

Hiraya Manawari! Mabuhay tayong lahat! Daghang salamat sa inyong tanan!

DR. LIZAN E. PERANTE-CALINA President, PSPA

Warmest greetings to our dear Public Administration Community, On a very positive note, and without being presumptuous, we are lucky to be in the discipline of PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION; it is one of the major social sciences. Public administration as an applied discipline has its head above the clouds (theory). Yet, feet firmly planted on the ground (practice). In other words, naglalanding. This may also be appreciated within the context of the praxis of public administration. It provides an enabling framework for the third kind of knowledge – phronetic, identified by Aristotle, in addition to episteme and techne. Indeed, over the years, our PSPA community has maintained its commitment to exploring - and pushing - the boundaries of public administration and challenging governance conventions. We saw this in our many conferences, workshops, seminars, and webinars. These have become avenues for all scholars, practitioners, experts, and students at the national and international levels. For instance, a look at the themes and scholarly papers of our conferences in the past years will illustrate this. In 2021, we examined the roles of governance institutions beyond the pandemic. Before that, in 2020, we explored the directions of PA towards the so-called "new normal," which we argued should be a better normal. In 2019, we pushed and challenged the frontiers of governance 4.0 and SDGs. In 2018, we went into a serious reexamination of ourselves. We questioned the role of PA and governance in PA and governance, especially in critical times. In 2017, we investigated innovations and reforms toward knowledge co-creation. Earlier, we deep-dived into the discourse and foundations of “development,” “democratization,” and “decentralization.” And we continue this practice of pushing the envelope, challenging conventional wisdom, and interrogating burning issues of the day, to the point of being disruptive, always asking the questions behind the questions. Equity and ethics are certainly contemporary concerns of today. Our theme is Bringing Back Equity and Ethics in Philippine Public Administration and Governance: A Public Sector Reform Agenda for the New Administration. This could be framed with the context of our 5Es and an A paradigm: the centrality of economy, efficiency, effectiveness, equity and ethics, and accountability in public administration. The "administration" in Public Administration is built upon the classics of management, such as economy, efficiency, and effectiveness. BUT, public administration is much more than that. It underscores “public.” Who is the “public” in public administration? Here is where equity comes in, equity in terms of having a preference for the poor and the vulnerable (very SDGs, remember!), and also a deep and disturbing concern for the next generation, intergenerational equity. And, of course, there is the timelessness of ethics and accountability, certainly non-negotiables in the praxis of public administration. Hence our theme, "bringing back equity and ethics in PA," suggests that it may have been lost along the way. Or have they? May we use this venue to illuminate lessons learned, innovations, and good practices that we can reflect upon and share with the current administration towards a more sustainable, transformative Philippines founded upon equity and ethics, practical wisdom, and phronesis. We express our sincerest gratitude to everyone who makes this conference possible. Welcome to the 2022 PSPA International Conference, and we hope you'll have a memorable and fruitful three-day conference! And again, let us be thankful that we are disturbed yet rooted in the discipline of public administration. ALEX B. BRILLIANTES, JR., PhD Immediate Past President, PSPA Secretary General, Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration (EROPA) Professor, National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines

My warmest greetings to the Philippine Society for Public Administration (PSPA) as it holds its 2022 PSPA International Conference. The pandemic has revealed in many countries that collaborative and networked leadership is critical when dealing with complex challenges and problems. Apparently, the situation allowed public services in several countries to learn from each other's successes and failures in detecting and responding to the pandemic. By disrupting the public service delivery, the COVID-19 pandemic challenged a fundamental principle of public service – which is continuity. However, in many countries, public servants have been quick to adapt and re-adjust the way services are delivered in order to minimize the negative impact of the pandemic on individuals and communities. The digitization of public administration processes has aided the functioning of the public sector at a time when the virus threatened citizens' health. Economic sustainability of public administration is seen in government programs as an important means of modernizing, supporting, and optimizing the operations of the public sector, thereby improving public services. This representation made me re-file the Full Digital Transformation Act in this 19th Congress, which mandates all government offices, agencies, government-owned and controlled corporations, instrumentalities, and all local government units to adopt a digitalization strategy to facilitate efficient delivery of public services. Through this measure, we can be assured of an expeditious and efficient mode of government collections, while at the same time, the public will be assured of convenience and transparency in their dealings with government agencies. Together, let us turn the challenges brought by the pandemic into opportunities to develop methods for improving the public sector's resilience, effectiveness, and responsiveness. Thank you very much! HON. SHERWIN GATCHALIAN Senator, Senate of the Philippines

Dear Participants, Colleagues, and Friends, Congratulations to the Philippine Society of Public Administration for organizing this conference. It means a lot to us, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Philippines, to be your partner again this year. As a political foundation dedicated primarily to strengthening democracy and democratic institutions, we are proud to collaborate with you on the discourse on equity and ethics in public administration and governance in the Philippines. We cannot overemphasize the importance of this year’s theme. With the effects of the pandemic, the climate crisis, geopolitical developments, food security issues, rising living costs and systematic disinformation campaigns, the newly elected government in the Philippines is facing immense national and international challenges. Times of crisis can always serve as diagnostic tests of the relevance, efficiency, effectiveness, and legitimacy of public administration in delivering its services. In recent years we have learned that business as usual is not an option and that we must boldly and creatively break new ground in order to overcome the crises of our time. Ethics and equity must serve as guidelines here to promote reforms in public administration. Adhering to the code of ethics for public officials and employees strengthens the accountability, transparency, and integrity of public administration. Ethics defines the kind of governance, and it should be bias towards general welfare and collective aim to live in a just, safe, and humane society. Freedom, justice and solidarity are the central values in which the work of the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung is anchored worldwide. Solidarity in governance means empathy in service. That is why the combination of ethics, solidarity and governance is so important to us, especially in this time of new challenges. The ethic of solidarity consists in looking beyond individual rights and privileges to develop an understanding of the common good that needs to be protected. With this year's PSPA conference, we will jointly contribute to comprehensively examining notions of ethics and justice in public administration. As such, the conference is also a platform for international exchange on best-fit practices that help to understand how to manifest and materialize these values better in different government programs and services. We are confident that this conference will be insightful and productive with the series of sessions and speakers, particularly with the participation of Prof Hubert Heinelt. May we all have a fruitful and meaningful conference! Mabuhay! DR. VINZENZ HUZEL Resident Representative Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Philippines

Our warm welcome to the 2022 Philippine Society for Public Administration (PSPA) International Conference participants and guests! This conference is a great opportunity for research advocates and enthusiasts in public administration and governance to converge. One of the important highlights of this convergence is the sharing of practical experiences and best practices from the esteemed speakers which our participants can learn from. With the conference theme, “Bringing Back Equity and Ethics in Philippine Public Administration and Governance: A Public Sector Reform Agenda for the New Administration, ” , may all attendees will be inspired to do our respective share for the betterment of our public administration. In behalf of Cebu Normal University, our congratulations to the Philippine Society for Public Administration (PSPA) for continuing your role as harbingers of change of Philippine governance. DAISY R. PALOMPON, DScN, PhD, FAAN OIC-Office of the University President Cebu Normal University

My earnest and most fervent greetings to the Philippine Society for Public Administration (PSPA) under the outstanding leadership of PSPA President, Dr. Lizan E. Perante-Calina as it holds the 2022 PSPA International Conference which coincide to its 40th Founding Anniversary. Indeed, a milestone for PSPA as it continue to advance the praxis of public administration in the country and promote good governance, knowledge co-creation and phronetic leadership. With the theme, “Bringing Back Equity and Ethics in Philippine Public Administration and Governance: A Public Sector Reform Agenda for the New Administration”, PSPA once again provided a great platform for all of us to engage in this valuable discourse on many key issues and challenges in the public sector and PA/G education as well as to collaborate with key stakeholders and find possible solutions and alternatives as we move forward in this new normal in public service delivery. In the words of Alvin Toffler, “ The illiterate of the future are not those who can’t read and write but those who cannot learn, unlearn and relearn”. Together; let us reflect, re-think, re-examine and re-tool our systems and responses towards an agile, responsive and future-ready public administration in the service of our country and people. To the men and women, the excellent TEAM behind PSPA and to all the participants to this 2022 PSPA International Conference, congratulations to us all at mabuhay ang PSPA! Mabuhay ang Pilipinas! PROF. MICHVILLE A. RIVERA Dean, PLV College of Public Administration Co-Secretary General, 2022 PSPA International Conference

Greetings! The PSPA once again marks its relevance by reigniting its members, partners, and stakeholders in the public administration to commit in strengthening the values of equity and ethics in the public sector. As the country and the world faces complex and emergent challenges, governance matters more than ever for sustainable recovery. With this, the PSPA international conference hopes to provide its participants a great avenue for discourse and to set the international and national public agenda. It is with great pleasure to have you on board. It validates the ideals and aspirations we have for the future and live the present with pride and honor as we continue our quest in building a stronger nation. I hope you enjoy what PSPA has prepared for you. Welcome to Cebu City and mabuhay!

DR. ROSELLE A. JARDIN Board of Director, PSPA Director, Research Institute for Public Governance (RIPG) Cebu Normal University Co-Secretary General, 2022 PSPA International Conference

Warmest felicitations to the delegates of the 2022 Philippine Society of Public Administration International Conference! This year’s conference is significant as we make the transition from a virtual platform to full face-to-face interaction in no time. Yet, whatever the modality may be, this conference promises to be as engaging as ever, just like the previous ones. The discipline of Public Administration has demonstrated remarkable resilience and flexibility as it significantly contributed to crafting solutions to foster a better normal. From classic measures of effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability to e-governance and participatory public policy making, PA continues to venture into underexplored terrains of inquiry as futures thinking and collaborative governance. It is in this context that PSPA’s annual conference continues to be a much-awaited avenue for sharing ideas and exchanging views among scholars, practitioners, and students. As we gather in the Queen City of the South for this year’s conference, it is our hope that we continue to strengthen our discipline and nurture, deepen and expand the friendships we have developed through the years. Mabuhay ang PSPA! EDERSON DELOS TRINO TAPIA Vice President for Planning and Research University of Makati Co-Secretary General, 2022 PSPA International Conference

ZOOM CREDENTIALS Link:https://us02web.zoom.us/j/9506917998?pwd=OW1mSEJMVDliWEFWRnp0UUZUS0xiUT09 Meeting ID: 950 691 7998 Passcode: PSPACON22 You may also scan the QR code to join:

PROGRAM FLOW Day 1 – November 22, 2022, 8:00 AM-7:00 PM (in Philippine Standard Time) TIME

ACTIVITY

8:00 AM-8:30 AM

Invocation, National Anthem and PSPA Hymn Cebu Normal University (CNU) Chorale

8:30 AM-11:00 AM

OPENING CEREMONIES Opening Remarks

11:00 AM-11:05 AM 11:05 AM-12:10 PM

Dr. Lizan Perante-Calina President, PSPA and Dean, Graduate School of Public and Development Management Development Academy of the Philippines Hon. Sherwin Gatchalian Senator, Senate of the Philippines Hon. Michael L. Rama Mayor, Cebu City Hon. Gwendolyn Garcia Welcome Messages Governor, Province of Cebu Dr. Daisy R. Palompon OIC President, Cebu Normal University Dr. Enrique G. Baking University President, Don Honorio Ventura State University Dr. Vinzenz Huzel Resident Representative, Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung Philippines Dr. Hubert Heinelt Former President and Member of the Executive Committee of the European Urban Research Association (EURA) Keynote Speeches Former Professor of Public Administration, Public Policy and Urban Research, Institute for Political Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Dr. Tirso Ronquillo President, Philippine Association of State Universities and Colleges Dr. Alex B. Brillantes, Jr. Secretary General, Eastern Regional Organization for Public Administration Dr. Ederson DT Tapia Rationale of the Dean, College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Conference Studies, University of Makati Vice President, PSPA GROUP PHOTO HEALTH BREAK PLENARY 1 Public Service Values: Equity and Ethics in Public Administration Moderator Dr. Gary Ador Dionisio Dean, School of Diplomacy and Governance, De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde Hon. Karlo Alexei B. Nograles Chair, Civil Service Commission, Philippines Dr. Ma. Oliva Z. Domingo Supervising Fellow, Graduate School of Public and Development Management

12:05 PM-12:10 PM 12:10 PM-1:10 PM 1:10 PM-2:45 PM

2:40 PM-2:45 PM 2:45 PM-4:05 PM

4:00 PM-4:05 PM 4:05 PM-4:10 PM 4:10 PM-5:30 PM

Development Academy of the Philippines Dr. Agus Pramusinto Chairman, Indonesian Civil Service Commission Dr. Sofiane Sahraoui Director General, International Institute of Administrative Sciences Open Forum LUNCH BREAK PLENARY 2 Public Administration and Governance Education Review Moderator Prof. Maricel Fernandez Chair, Governance and Public Affairs, School of Diplomacy and Governance De La Salle College of Saint Benilde Dr. Nestor Pilar Vice-President for Academic Affairs, National Defense College of the Philippines Dr. Joseph G. Prud’homme Professor, Washington College, USA Prof. Woothisarn Tanchai Secretary General, King Prajadhipok’s Institute, Thailand Dr. Tanvir Aeijaz Associate Professor Ramjas College, University of Delhi Dr. Masao Kikuchi Associate Professor, School of Business Administration Meiji University, Japan Open Forum PLENARY 3 Public Administration Equity on Sustainable Development Moderator Dr. Grace G. Jamon President, Lapulapu-Cebu International College Hon. Richard Gomez, DPA District Representative, 4th District of Leyte, House of Representatives Dr. Maria Victoria Raquiza Co-Convenor, Social Watch Philippines Associate Professor, National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines Diliman Dr. Laila Kholid Alfirdaus Faculty, Department of Politics and Governance Studies, Faculty of Social and Political Science, Universitas Diponegoro Dr. Eko Prasojo President, Asian Group for Public Administration Dr. Adriana Alberti Chief, Capacity Development Unit, Public Institutions and Digital Government United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UNDESA) Open Forum HEALTH BREAK PLENARY 4 Continuity Planning in Public Administration Towards Safe Public Spaces Moderator Dr. Sukarno Tanggol Chancellor, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology Hon. Lucy Torres-Gomez Mayor, Ormoc City Mr. Jean Redi T. Briones CLGOO, DILG Ormoc Ms. Hannah Gonzalez Research Fellow, Graduate School of Public and Development Management Development Academy of the Philippines

5:25 PM-5:30 PM 5:30 PM-6:00 PM 6:00 PM-7:00 PM

Ms. Alexa Brillantes Research Fellow, Graduate School of Public and Development Management Development Academy of the Philippines Ar. Maria Cynthia Funk Principal, Atelier Funk Architecture Co-Founder, The Architecture Collective Consultant School of Architecture - Asia Pacific College Co-Curator, Philippine Pavilion for the Venice Architecture Biennale 2023 Open Forum DINNER BREAK COLLABORATION AND SOCIALS: 40TH ANNIVERSARY CELEBRATION Cultural Performances (Cebu Normal University) Congratulatory Messages Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Signing PSPA Recognition Masters of Ceremonies

Dr. Kim Francis R. Rodriguez Public Information Officer Cebu Normal University Dr. Roselle A. Jardin Co-Secretary General, 2022 PSPA International Conference PSPA Board of Director Director, Research Institute for Public Governance (RIPG) Cebu Normal University Day 2 – November 23, 2022, 8:30 AM-5:00 PM (in Philippine Standard Time) TIME 8:30 AM-9:35 AM

9:30 AM-9:35 AM 9:35 AM-10:40 AM

ACTIVITY PLENARY 5 Human-Centric Digital Governance Moderator Prof. Sonia Fontanilla-Pimentel Dean, College of Governance and Public Policy, University of Makati Atty. Jocelle Batapa-Sigue Undersecretary for Information and Communications Technology Industry Development, Department of Information and Communications Technology Mr. Jo-Dann N. Darong Assistant Director, Department of Trade and Industry Mr. John Garrity Chief of Party, USAID Beacon, Philippines Dr. Jimmyn Parc Associate Professor, University of Malaya, Malaysia Dr. Lizan Perante-Calina President, PSPA and Dean, Graduate School of Public and Development Management Development Academy of the Philippines Open Forum PLENARY 6 Foresight in Public Administration Moderator Dr. Kristoffer Berse Director for Research and Creative Work University of the Philippines Resilience Institute Dr. Hubert Heinelt Former President and Member of the Executive Committee of the European Urban Research Association (EURA)

10:20 AM-10:25 AM 10:25 AM-10:30 AM 10:30 AM-12:00 NN 12:00 NN-1:00 PM 1:00 PM-4:00 PM 4:00 PM-5:00 PM

Former Professor of Public Administration, Public Policy and Urban Research, Institute for Political Science, Technische Universität Darmstadt Dr. Reginald Ugaddan College Secretary, National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines Dr. Ora Orn Poocharoen Founding Director, School of Public Policy Chiang Mai University, Thailand Open Forum HEALTH BREAK PARALLEL SESSIONS LUNCH BREAK PARALLEL SESSIONS SYNTHESIS AND WRAP UP SESSION President’s Report Dr. Lizan Perante-Calina President, PSPA and Dean, Graduate School of Public and Development Management Development Academy of the Philippines Conference Synthesis Dr. Ederson DT Tapia Dean, College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies, University of Makati Vice President, PSPA Awarding of Best Paper PSPA Hymn Master of Ceremonies

Prof. Michville Rivera Co-Secretary General, 2022 PSPA International Conference Dean, College of Public Administration, Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Valenzuela Day 2 – November 23, 2022, 10:50 AM-12:00 NN (in Philippine Standard Time) PARALLEL SESSIONS 10:30 AM to 12:00 PM

Special Panel on Smart and Resilient Agriculture towards Sustainable Farming Venue: Mediterranean Room (Main Room) Dr. Ruel Mojica Cavite State University Moderator

Ms. Vanessa Ying Lin Chief Operating Officer and Co-Founder AgriGaia Social Enterprise Int’l Ltd. Mr. Mark Lawrence Cruz President School of Experiential and Entrepreneurial Development Gawad Kalinga Dr. Theresita V. Atienza President Quezon City University

PANEL 1: Efficient and effective public administration services in Covid-19

Pompeyo C. Adamos II Atty. Maria Salve RubayaAdamos

Venue: Coral Room (Breakout Room)

Sheena A. Valenzuela Mr. Sundie P. Buna, MPSM

Makati’s Barangay Justice System Enhancement Program: Opportunities and Challenges Towards Innovative Best Practices Challenges and best practices in the COVID-19 crisis communication of the Philippine Department of Health COVID-19 Pandemic: Health Care Practices, Protocols, and

Dr. Alfredo Derecho Southwestern University Moderator

Dr. Jhona D. Landong

Dr. Gary Ador Dionisio Ms. Maricel Fernandez Ms. Shiela May Sabalburo Prof. Al-Ghani D. Mohammad PANEL 2: Local innovations towards SDGs (1) Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Malou Rebullida National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines Moderator

Alyssa Victoria P. Velasco Kent Elmann Cadalin Airah Danelle Tuazon Mia Loraine Simpao Dr. Alejandro Christian Soler Mia Loraine Simpao Dr. Alejandro Christian Soler Felixberto P. Baguyo, Jr., MPA Rolando L. Langurayan Jr., DPA

Ma. Pamela Grace C. Muhi, DPA PANEL 3: Public service delivery (1) Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Jack Isolana Mindanao State UniversityIligan Institute of Technology Moderator

Pamela Dyan Carbonell Arthur Franz Tenorio Hilarion Cabinbin Matavia, Jr. Prof. Chris Allen V. Matute Prof. Ramces M. Dili Donna Mae A. Tolabing Sylvia A. Delosa Miguel Christian C. Durana Lawrence Angelo M. Malasa Trisha Marie Palaganas Jean Carla Sapallo

PANEL 4: Public service in times of crisis (1)

Engr. Roger M. Esto, DPA

Interventions of the Provincial Operation Center Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals in the Teaching of Public Administration: Examples from Benilde’s School of Diplomacy and Governance Pandemic Governance: Responses for COVID-19 Management of Zamboanga City Towards a Climate-Resilient Metropolitan: Challenges in Mainstreaming Climate Change among Metro Manila Local Government Units The Global Goals at the Grassroots: A Review of the SDG-FACES Program as a Best Practice in Mandaluyong City Transforming Global Goals into Local Actions: The Localization of Sustainable Development Goals in the City Government of Mandaluyong Development of Mobile Application for Water Concessionaire Towards Efficient Account Monitoring and Service Delivery Towards an Institutional Framework for Integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Into the Local Energy Planning Process: Learning from the Lessons of Bohol and Palawan Baseline Study on the Preparedness of Selected Local Government Units in the Implementation of MandanasGarcia Ruling A paperless Civil Service Commission in the future: Policy Implications PRIME-HRM in the Philippine Bureaucracy: Re-Engineering the Government Towards Competitive Public Service Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Department of Health-Centers for Health Development Proposing a Platform for CoCreation: Consumer Awareness

Performance on the Seal of Good Local Governance in the Province of Aklan

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Aisha N. Sevilleja Sheila E. Calica

Dr. Ma. Dorothee Villarruz Capiz State University Moderator

Mikaela Antonetta B. Lazo Sylvia A. Delosa

Marissa R. Fangon

Ralliegh F. Vizcarra PANEL 5: Local Innovations, strategies, lessons learned and best practices in public administration/service in Covid-19 and beyond (1)

Louie Iyar L. Dagoy

Maria Tiara Fatima F. Galang Vien Jamaica D. Samson

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Eden May Somodio Prof. Sonia Fontanilla Pimentel University of Makati Moderator

Bernadette G. Gumba, PhD, CPA

Roel L. Mayores PANEL 6: Public service delivery (2) Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Malu Barcillano Ateneo de Naga University Moderator

Rowell P. Nitafan Haran S. Abdulkarim Rowell P. Nitafan

Jhorgene P. Paronia

Pearlie M. Unating Kristoffer B. Berse

A Phenomenological Study on How Public Servants Manifest Public Service Values During the Covid-19 Pandemic Conflict Management and Organization Performance in the Department of Health-Centers for Health Development Local Innovation and Strategies in Public Administration Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Province of La Union, Philippines Management Practices of the Department of Health (DOH) Retained Government Hospitals on the Medical Records in the Philippines A Case Study on Makati CBD Workers: Effects of the Imposed COVID-19 Transportation Protocols Towards Fostering Knowledge Co-Creation amidst the Pandemic: A Case Study of Knowledge Management Implementation among Selected LGUs in the Province of Tarlac Community Practices and LGU Policies on Covid: The Case of an IP Community in Southern Philippines The Plight of Barangay Health Workers in the Partido District, Camarines Sur, Philippines: Through a Gender Lens Leadership Style of the Security Officers of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and Other Government Banks in Quezon Province: Basis for a Proposed Action Plan Employee Silence: A Systematic Review of Its Social Dimensions Experiences, Procedures Observed, And Best Practices of Personnel of Public Attorney’s Offices in The Post-Normal: A Praxis of Good Governance Integration of Pandemic Management in the Policy Implementation of Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) Caraga Region Employee Development Engagement and Grit: Insights for Job Performance Efficiency Enhancement Examining the Variegated Performance of Vaccination

Kirsten Lianne Mae C. Dedase Lianne Angelico C. Depante Giselle Louise R. Lapid Patricia B. Reyes Micaela Angela M. Nazal PANEL 7: Public service in times of crisis (2) Venue: Adriatic Room (Breakout Room) Dr. Rhene Tabajen University of Makati Moderator

Jay Jumar R. Bacunawa

Melody Amor S. Nicolas Daisy T. Besing

Cherry Mae B. Icat Arnel V. Bangis

Al-Shariff S. Hadjinor Saidamin P. Bagolong

Asyah A. Abdulhamed Mhd Faheem M. Aliuden 1:00 PM to 2:30 PM

Special Panel on Education Governance and Student Affairs [DHVSU] (1) Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Enrique G. Baking Reynaldo C. Nicdao Ranie B. Canlas Reden M. Hernandez Dolores T. Quiambao Emmanuel B. Parreño Robin B. Dimla Eddiebal P. Layco Anna Liza C. Nacion Mary Anne M.Sahagun

Dr. Catherine G. Danganan Dr. Grace A. Mendoza Dr. Jenelyn T. Pena

Mr. John Paul P. Miranda Mr. Julius Ceazar G. Tolentino Mariefel F. Capili Ma. Ferna Bel L. Punsalan

Rollout in ASEAN: A Comparative Perspective

Disaster Reduction And Emergency Assistance Of Medellin (Dream) ThreeComponent Framework: An LGU Resilience Exposé Institutional Capacity Framework for Disaster Resiliency of the Flood Susceptible Barangays of Iligan City The Level of Family Vulnerabilities in their Individual Life Cycle and Economic Risks Among Residents of Don Carlos, Bukidnon: Basis for Mainstreaming Local Social Protection Plan Effectiveness Of Information Operation On Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign Of Cotabto City Police Office (CCPO) In Cotabato City Road Condition Assessment Survey Of The Department Of Public Works And Highways – Cotabato City District Engineering Office Chiselling the Destiny of the Wood Carving Industry in Betis: A Policy Formulation towards Revitalization and Sustainability Using Futures Thinking Approach Opinion Mining on Faculty Performance using Vader Sentiment Analysis towards the Utilization of Academic Decision Making Assessment of the University Student Governance Amid the Pandemic: Emergence of Student Governance Model Based on the Satisfaction Level of University Students Impact, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptomatology among Filipino College Students on Limited Face-To-Face Amidst a Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Exploration Factors Influencing the Millennials on Their Choice of Electoral

Eler G. Delos Reyes PANEL 8: Local innovations towards SDGs (2) Venue: Coral Room (Breakout Room) Dr. Jo Tomas-Ruiz Isabela State University Moderator

Jan Robert R Go, PhD

Dante A. Damit, MPA Nicanor D. Baquiran, Ph.D. Ma. Rita A. Reario, DPA Edwin T. Caoleng Roswald G. Fermin Nicanor D. Baquiran, Ph.D. Ma. Rita A. Reario, DPA

PANEL 9: Role and importance of public administration

Arsalan A. Diamaoden, MAIS, PhD

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Prof. Sonia Fontanilla Pimentel University of Makati Moderator

Dr. Teodoro Lloydon C. Bautista, DPA Janine Irish Marryza G. Bragais Gene Anthony Sarol Salazar, MPA Shaira Marie V. Bedio Asst. Prof. Jan Antoni A. Credo

PANEL 10: Innovations in teaching public administration during and beyond Covid-19 Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Malou Rebullida National College of Public Administration and Governance, University of the Philippines Moderator

Richard M. Veluz Cryzelle P. Fabula Ahlyzzandrei Mae N. Ravalo Florida U. Ursulom, DPA Madeline A. Lopez, MPA Alma Teresa U. Feliciano Fritzie Ivy D. Jara Daisy T. Besing Merlyn NachorCasongsong

Candidates: A Phenomenological Study in the Philippine Context Lived Experiences of PWD Students in Times of Pandemic: Input to Policy Formulation Citizen participation during the pandemic: the cases of urban communities in Quezon City, Philippines and Wuhan, China Performance of the Sangguniang Kabataan in Malaybalay City as Mandated by the Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015 Investment Opportunities Through Mengal Festival Tricycle Fare Price in Municipality of Concepcion: A Commuters’ Perspective Business Owners’ Satisfaction in Processing Business Permits in Echague, Isabela The Status, Challenges, and Prospects of the Implementation of Political and Socio- Economic Tracks of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro: A Basis for Implementation Mechanism Intervention Search for a new politicalgovernance model in Southeast Asia: Democratic decline, resurgence of populism and retreat from globalization An Assessment of “Kabalikat sa Kabuhayan” Program on Farmers in Davao City Responsiveness of Internal Audit Services in The Local Government Units of Capiz Towards Good Governance Clientelism as Constraint to Coproduction in the Philippines 2.0 Coping With E-Learning During the Covid 19 Pandemic: The Case of Public Administration Program in Southern Luzon State University Effectiveness of Advocacy Extension Services of The University of Northern Philippines Integration of Mental Health in Primary Care: Insights for Enhanced Program Delivery Evaluation of the Department of Education’s Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) Program Probability Study of Adopting Uniform Alternative Dispute Resolution Mechanism for Intellectual Property Offices in the

PANEL 11: Role of the LGU and academe in public administration

Patricia Ann D. Estrada Izelle C. Francisco Jerich Ralph S. Lobo

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Mark Bon G. Basadre

Dr. Gary Ador Dionisio De La Salle-College of Saint Benilde Moderator

Reiou Regie Manuel

Maria Lourdes M. Bernales PANEL 12: Gender and Development and Organizational Management Venue: Adriatic Room (Breakout Room) Prof. Philip Segurola Pangasinan State University Moderator

Jhona D. Landong, DiSDS Sulpecia L. Ponce, PhD

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Jack Isolana Mindanao State UniversityIligan Institute of Technology Moderator

Good Local Governance, Better Covid-19 Response Satisfaction? The Mediating Influence of Resiliency in the Philippine Municipalities Dilemma and Decision Space: The (Un)Collective Action of Malabon LGU in Health Promotion Implementation in the New Normal Capiz State University Stakeholders’ Satisfaction Index: Insights for Quality Service Delivery Enhancement Participation of Women Beneficiaries in Kalahi-CIDSS Program Towards Empowerment

Candy P. Bentrez, MPA Gretchen Gaye C. Ablaza, PhD

Work-life Balance of Working Mothers: A Guide towards a Rewarding Career

Summer Gail C. Padeo Gretchen Gaye C. Ablaza, PhD

Career Growth Experiences of Working Mothers: Framework for Policy Gender-Based Stereotypical Practices of Selected Industries in Metro Cebu Analysis on the Relationship and Dynamics of Organizational Commitment, Volunteer Engagement, Volunteer Motivation and HRM System on Volunteer Organizations E-Governance in Public Service Delivery by A Local Government Unit in Quezon Province

Louiechi Von R. Mendoza, MAPA Kenn S. Ante Lawrence Angelo M. Malasa

PANEL 13: Digital governance

ASEAN Region: Readiness of the Philippines Assessment of the Competency of Barangay Officials in Municipality of Concepcion, Tarlac

Sarah Dane B. Lising, MPA Abegail N. Cabriga Ma. Erika S. Devela Dr. Lea B. Milan Aljon N. Lusong Vien Jamaica D. Samson Kichelle B. Soliman Marites S. Pimentel

Ian Nasser E. Berowa

Mary Jane B. Dulay Roy Laquidan Marissa R. Fangon

Towards Food Safety System Certification and Process and Product Improvement: An Evaluation Yolanda Permanent Housing Projects Turnover Engagements Towards Safe and Sustainable Shelter Foresight Digitally challenged: EGovernance in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) Continuity Planning in Public Administration: The Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the DMMMSU, La Union, Philippines

Special Panel Governance Futures Lab (1)

Reginald Ugaddan & Justine Perez

Theme: Convalescence of Governance in the New Normal: Changing Towards an Agile and Robust Leadership

Kent Elmann Cadalin, Joshua Maximo, & Reginald Ugaddan

Venue: Mediterranean Room (Main Room)

Addey Charity Mawufemor Caren Claire Avenido, Justine Perez, & Reginald Ugaddan

Special Panel Governance Futures Lab (2) Theme: Convalescence of Governance in the New Normal: Changing Towards an Agile and Robust Leadership Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Izelle C. Francisco

Reginald Ugaddan & Nelin Estocado-Dulpina Dorice Bakundukize Dario Ramil B. Atando & Christine Mae D. Hernando

2:30 PM to 4:00 PM

Special Panel Governance Futures Lab (3)

Dr. Dorothee Villaruz & Dr. Reginald G. Ugaddan

Theme: Convalescence of Governance in the New Normal: Changing Towards an Agile and Robust Leadership

Gema Putra Baculu

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Adam Elija

Fazliddin Nasriddinov

Special Panel on Education Governance and Student Affairs [DHVSU] (2) Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Glaiza Tarine Manaloto Robin B. Dimla Erika M. Pineda Robin Dimla

Exploring the Motivating and Demotivating Factors of Work from Home During a Pandemic Does the public organization perform better by doing digital? Examining the effect of Digital Transformation on organizational performance of the government of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia Local Government elected official's influence on Disciplinary measures to Local Government to Public Administrators The Benefits of a Path-Goal Leadership Model in the Local Government: A Serial Mediation Analysis Quiet quitting in the higher education institutions: Determining and testing antecedents, mediators, and moderatos in the Philippines Risk Communication on Covid-19 Vaccination Booster in Philippine Local Government: A Structural Equation Model Resilience of Service delivery during Covid’19 Pandemic: Case study of the Ghana Civil Service Assess the Effectiveness of the “Mahallabay System” on Local Development in Uzbekistan: The case of Samarqand region Political Will, Governance, and Sustainable Tourism in the 2018 Rehabilitation of Boracay Island, Philippines Platform Governance for Smart and Lean Government: Implications to the Futures of Local Governance in the Philippines Futures and Foresight Tool for Public Administration Research: An Expanded Futures Triangle Assess the effectiveness and sustainability of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program in selected communities of the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly of the North East Region of Ghana. The Mediating Effect of Academic Buoyancy on the Causal Chains of Online Learning Readiness, Academic Motivation, and Academic Performance School- Based Management: An Exploratory Study to Sustain Successful Policy Implementation

Azer-Ian R. Valencia Jane Valencia

Fatima T. David Teodoro M. Gatchalian Ethel Ann P. Ladringan Catalino P. Rivera PANEL 14: E-governance and futures thinking Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Cristina Salvosa Nueva Vizcaya State University Moderator

Milhaya D. Langco Caren Claire L. Avenido John Timothy G. Kho Kristelle Claire R. Prado Allondra Shaira D. Serdenia Kenn S. Ante Ferdinand Nykko B. Bautista Romina Marie P. Cabrera John Roniel A. Canimo John Ray Camorongan

PANEL 15: Local innovations towards SDGs (3)

Dairylle Dagot Clarido Dr. Sulpecia L. Ponce

Venue: Zoom Breakout Room Dr. Alfredo Derecho Southwestern University Moderator

Reiou Regie Manuel

Loraine Mae R. AsuncionAñasco

Arturo E. Dominguez

Leamen L. Lucman Lady S. Purganan Jojo Villamin Noel Lansang

An Evaluation of the Relationships of Authentic Leadership and Social Marketability of Public Elementary Schools: Input for an Enhanced Leadership Framework A Sequential Qualitative Study for the Retooling of Teachers in the Preparation and Implementation of Performance Task Assessment Acceptability and Readiness for Adoption of Creative School Framework in a Public Secondary School Promoting And Strengthening EGovernance in The Mainland Province of The Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Anticipating and Addressing the Implications of Deepfake Technology in the Philippines by 2035 through Scenario Building and Backcasting The Harvest Agenda: Adopting Futures Thinking Towards a CoCreated Platform for the Philippine Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Collaborative Governance: The EGovernance Projects of Makati City Sustainability Assessment of the Kalipunan Ng Liping Pilipina (Kalipi) Program Implementation in Iligan City and Cagayan De Oro City LGU Power: Malabon Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit’s Innovative Management and Localized Operationalization of COVID-19 Detection and Isolation Strategies LGUs’ Capacity in the Implementation of Mandanas Ruling on Agriculture Services: Directing Capacity Development Priorities for Full Devolution in the Province of Camiguin-Region X Solid Waste Management Practices of The City Government of Lucena: Basis for Program Enhancement Early Recovery Conditions Among Meranao Women in a Temporary Settlement in Southern Philippines Assessing the Perceptions Toward the Impacts of Tourism in Poverty Alleviation: A Basis for Pro-Poor

PANEL 16: Innovations for local fiscal management Venue: Zoom Breakout Room

Kristoffer B. Berse Kirsten Lianne Mae C. Dedase Lianne Angelico C. Depante Giselle Louise R. Lapid Mariae Khrisna B. Arreza

Jephte O. Munez

Dr. Wilmark J. Ramos Ms. Maria Tiara Fatima F. Galang PANEL 17: Digital governance and foresight Venue: Coral Room (Breakout Room) Dr. Sanjay Claudio Polytechnic University of the Philippines Moderator

Faye Lorraine P. Mina, MPA, M.I.P

Christian G. Coronel

Giovanni Z. Baena

Charen Jean M. Santillan, EnP Sulpicio S. Velasco, MPA PANEL 18: Innovations towards SDGs

Jessica C. Managuelod, MPA Jose P. Gallena Jr., DPA

Venue: Adriatic Room (Breakout Room)

Mariel Encar H. Uy

Dr. Ederson Tapia University of Makati Moderator

Haron M. Ebrahim Saidamin P. Bagolong Ronie G. Panes PLTCOL Lemuel B. Gonda Gary B. Lapiz, BPA, MPA, DPA

Tourism Policy in Sta. Lucia, Guimba, Nueva Ecija Government Financial Institutions in Promoting Sustainable ASEAN SMEs: Perspectives from Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines Community Evaluation on the Effects of Tourism in Doot Poktoy, Lanuza Sustainable Budgeting in the Philippines: Ramifications Towards Sustainable Development in the Philippines Drivers and Outcome off Young Voters’ Political Expression and Internal Efficacy through the lens of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model An Analysis of E-Government Citizen Adoption Predictors Grounded on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Readiness Assessment Framework for LGUs competencies in shifting to E-Governance Sustainability, Efficiency, And Effectiveness: A Conceptual and Strategic Local E-Governance Framework to Address Pandemic Challenges and Beyond Factors Affecting the Level of Electronic Business Licensing Usage in the City and Municipality of Bukidnon Using the Toe Model Tax Collection Strategies in the Municipality of Echague: An Assessment Assessment on the government agencies within Pasig City, and their level of support and proactiveness to active transportation and urban mobility Implementation Of Camp Transformation Program Of Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Combatants Dimensions of the Guiding Principles of Whole Community Approach of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism Social Justice: An OutreachExtension Program

Day 3 – November 24, 2022 (Face-to-Face Activity only) TIME

ACTIVITY

8:00 AM-12:00 NN

Benchmarking Activity – Local Governance Innovation -details to follow-

1:00 PM-5:00 PM

PSPA Board and Membership Meeting

SPECIAL PANEL ON EDUCATION GOVERNANCE AND STUDENT AFFAIRS [DHVSU] (1) _________________________________________________ Chiselling the Destiny of the Wood Carving Industry in Betis: A Policy Formulation towards Revitalization and Sustainability Using Futures Thinking Approach Enrique G. Baking Reynaldo C. Nicdao Ranie B. Canlas Reden M. Hernandez Dolores T. Quiambao Emmanuel B. Parreño Robin B. Dimla Eddiebal P. Layco Anna Liza C. Nacion Don Honorio Ventura State University Against the backdrop of a vanishing wood carving industry in Betis, Guagua, Pampanga, this paper explored and analyzed the causes leading to the decline of this five-century old tradition using Futures Thinking and Foresight tools such as causal layered analysis. Likewise, employing scenario development, the researchers identified alternative futures for the wood carving industry in Betis. From these alternatives, an ideal future was selected and pursued. Utilizing backasting, the researchers formulated policies and programs towards the attainment of this desired future. Specifically, the establishment through legislation of a Regional Center for Wood Carving by 2031 is proposed. The center shall be housed at the Don Honorio Ventura State University. This center aims to lead the path to an idealized future by 2040, dubbed as Mariquit na Inuquit, where the wood carving industry is fully revitalized and sustainable; where wood carving is a source of pride and identity; and where everyone is heard uttering “Mas mariquit ang inuquit!”

Opinion Mining on Faculty Performance using Vader Sentiment Analysis towards the Utilization of Academic Decision Making Mary Anne M. Sahagun Don Honorio Ventura State University Feedback methods can be difficult, and the growing hostility between professors and students restricts how much feedback can help students learn. Open comments are also included on the evaluation form, which is something that is frequently missing from performance evaluations. In this research, the author utilized the student's feedback during a pandemic to determine the performance of faculty in an online learning environment using sentiment analysis. It aims to focus on the most frequent word or phrase of student feedback and determine the positive and negative sentiments of the students toward faculty. The study used the Vader algorithm to obtain the average sentiment score of tokenized documents. The most common student comments were further visualized using the bag-of-ngram model. Results demonstrate that student opinions were accurately recorded. As a result, there will be no more uncertainty, and both administrators and teachers will be more aware of the issues facing the students.

Assessment of the University Student Governance Amid the Pandemic: Emergence of Student Governance Model Based on the Satisfaction Level of University Students Dr. Catherine G. Danganan Dr. Grace A. Mendoza Dr. Jenelyn T. Pena Don Honorio Ventura State University

There is a sudden shift in the educational system due to COVID-19 pandemic. Administrations, teachers, students and the whole community adapted the new normal set-up in the Higher Education Institutions. Due to this, student organizations also made huge adjustment in their means of accomplishing their targets and goals. Virtual mode of delivery is their main source of communication to the whole student body. Thus, this research aims to describe and assess the students’ satisfaction on the state university students’ governance during the pandemic period. This study utilized the sequential explanatory mixed method design. A total of six hundred forty-eight (648) students participated in answering the survey instrument in gathering the quantitative data, while seventeen (17) students participated in the focus group discussion for the qualitative data. Descriptive statistics were used in treating the quantitative data, while the qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis. Mixed method analysis was also used in order to give a clearer understanding on the data collected, where the qualitative data is used to support the quantitative data. The results of the study showed the participants’ satisfaction level on the identified essential elements of the student governance: leadership practices, policy implementation, student involvement and student support. The participants were generally “very satisfied” and described these elements to be “excellent” and “above average”. These verbal indicators were duly supported with the following themes such as the participants’ experiences and appreciation on the student university governance. Through the use of mixed analysis approach, the emergence of student governance model was formulated. The model also represents the value of students’ feedback in drafting possible activities for the student government. These suggested activities include virtual tutorial/mentoring session, webinars related to professional examination, virtual college and university celebrations, projects for indigent students and university student council website.

Impact, Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Symptomatology among Filipino College Students on Limited Face-To-Face Amidst A Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Exploration Mr. John Paul P. Miranda Mr. Julius Ceazar G. Tolentino Don Honorio Ventura State University The coronavirus disease (COVID)-19 pandemic has extremely caused massive disruptions in the education sector, and this led to the adoption of full-distance learning modalities across different educational institutions worldwide. However, studies are still needed within the context of the Philippines in terms of the impact of the pandemic on university students in the light of a gradual limited face-to-face transition. This study determined the Filipino college students’ perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptomatology (DASS) among them. This cross-sectional study surveyed Filipino university students from a public higher education institution in the Philippines via convenience sampling. A total of 3,718 students participated in the study. Analysis showed that despite the respondents' level of DASS being roughly similar and normal, half of them are experiencing mild to extremely severe symptomatology. Further results indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in their DASS when grouped according to their sexes and class level. The findings will be beneficial to multiple stakeholders in designing data-driven policies that would maximize the possibility of a safe resumption of limited, gradual, and eventually, full face-to-face modalities.

Factors Influencing the Millennials on Their Choice of Electoral Candidates: A Phenomenological Study in the Philippine Context Mariefel F. Capili Ma. Ferna Bel L. Punsalan Don Honorio Ventura State University The study focuses on factors affecting job satisfaction and retention plan of employees among DOT accredited hotels. The study utilized 340 respondents from the selected hotels. Descriptive correlation design was used in the study. In order to tabulate data gathered frequency and percentage, standard deviation and Spearman’s rho was utilized. As the study shown that job satisfaction and retention plan have significant relationship on factors of compensations and benefits, leadership, training and development, working environment, and work-life balance as affected on their intention to stay on their

job and to be satisfied on the work. This study manifested that holistic approach on leadership and providing the needs of employees may lead to job satisfaction and intention to stay.

Lived Experiences of PWD Students in Times of Pandemic: Input to Policy Formulation Eler G. Delos Reyes Don Honorio Ventura State University There was a change in the technique and form of instruction as a result of the pandemic, which produced difficulties, particularly for PWD students. They were already struggling prior to the pandemic, and things are getting significantly worse now because most of them were unprepared for this catastrophe. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the pandemic on the lived experiences of PWD students as a basis in formulating policy using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) and Action Research (AR). The researcher used the purposive sampling technique. The respondents of the study were the PWD students of a certain college where they are enrolled and were selected based on the criteria set by the researcher. The researcher made interview guide questions that were validated by experts and pilot tested to non-respondents. The respondents were interviewed in person following IATF protocols to gather answers to the questions of this study. The thematic analysis was utilized in treating the data. Based on the findings, the PWD students experienced academic and psychological stress. The environmental, social, and technological challenges were encountered by PWD students in online learning, and to overcome these challenges, they used their self- determination, perseverance, self-directive and positive outlook rooted in the support given by parents and friends. Specialized programs and, a safe and PWDfriendly environment are among the suggested policies that came from the participants. Using the findings, the researcher formulated proposed policy interventions to address the negative experiences and challenges encountered by PWD students.

SPECIAL PANEL ON EDUCATION GOVERNANCE AND STUDENT AFFAIRS [DHVSU] (2) _________________________________________________ The Mediating Effect of Academic Buoyancy on the Causal Chains of Online Learning Readiness, Academic Motivation, and Academic Performance Glaiza Tarine Manaloto Robin B. Dimla Don Honorio Ventura State University This study aimed to determine the levels of learners’ online learning readiness, academic motivation, academic buoyancy, academic performance, and these constructs’ direct, indirect, and mediation effects. It employed multivariate statistical analysis using structural equations modeling, specifically the confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis. It utilized descriptive method to determine the profile of the respondents, levels of online learning readiness, academic motivation, academic buoyancy, academic performance during the school year 2021 – 2022. Data were gathered through the administration of adapted Likert-scales: Online Learning Readiness Scale, Academic Motivation Scale, and Academic Buoyancy Scale. Moreover, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the measurement models’ fit, construct reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Results revealed that the respondents have high levels on all the sub-constructs of online learning readiness, academic motivation, and academic buoyancy. Moreover, through path analysis, it was established that there is a significant direct effect of OLR of students on academic buoyancy and motivation, and significant indirect effects on academic motivation and academic performance via the mediating variable academic buoyancy. The significant mediating effect of academic buoyancy put forward issues on students’ ability to deal with academic setbacks and challenges that affect their academic performance. Hence, a campus-based program is strategically proposed to enhance students’ confidence, control, commitment, and communication.

School-Based Management: An Exploratory Study to Sustain Successful Policy Implementation Erika M. Pineda Robin Dimla Don Honorio Ventura State University The study sought to determine the factors on effective implementation on School- Based Management in a large Provincial Division which served as basis to sustain successful implementation of the said policy. The researcher adopted the sequential exploratory design with qualitative participants and quantitative respondents. Coding and thematic analysis were utilized for the qualitative part and frequency and weighted mean were used in quantitative part. Findings revealed that in order to sustain successful policy implementation, the following must always be done and observed under Leadership and Governance: engagement of stakeholders; empowerment of school personnel; school’s leadership; and school’s alliance with stakeholders. While under Curriculum and Instruction: curriculum’s implementation of best practices; school’s plan, monitoring and adjustment; school’s location; and creation of resolute decision. Under Accountability and Continuous Improvement: clear goals and accountability; and detailed roles and accountability. In Management and Resources: school’s accountability and management of resources; school and its stakeholders through transparency; and observance of transparency emerged as themes. From the qualitative data, quantitative tool was crafted using content validity index. The tool was pilot tested to check its reliability using Cronbach Alpha. Statistical treatment with a general weighted mean of 3.64 with an interpretation of Strongly Agree revealed that all the factors were useful to sustain successful implementation of school- based management. This research should be conducted in other divisions for possible exploration of additional or opposing findings to sustain successful implementation of SBM.

An Evaluation of the Relationships of Authentic Leadership and Social Marketability of Public Elementary Schools: Input for an Enhanced Leadership Framework Azer-Ian R. Valencia Jane Valencia Don Honorio Ventura State University The study dealt with the evaluation of authentic leadership and social marketability of public central elementary schools in the Division of Pampanga. Findings of the study could be used to further inform the practitioners, the local and all those interested in school education on how authentic leadership affects social marketability of schools. The characteristics of authentic leadership such as self-awareness, moral perspective, balanced processing and relational transparency and the dimensions of social marketability in terms of provision of access, quality of learning delivery and school governance and its effect were assessed as perceived by the the school heads, teachers and parent officers. The respondents of the study were one hundred sixty five (165) internal and external stakeholders of the school. The gathering instrument used was survey questionnaire and then followed by series of interviews. Documentary analysis was used to substantiate the gathered data. Data gathered were tallied, tabulated and analyzed using frequency distribution, weighted mean and ANOVA. The perceived authentic leadership practice under the self-awareness dimension reveals that respondents have a high sense of self – awareness, moral perspective, balanced processing and relational transparency. Based on the responses of the respondents, they described the school access, quality of learning delivery and school governance as “Highly Marketable”. The perceived authentic leadership scales of the three groups of respondents indicated no significant differences on the characteristics of an authentic leader. The social marketability status of the school as perceived by the three groups of respondents on the dimension of school access, quality of learning delivery and school governance showed that the respondents indicated no significant differences on their perceived social marketability status of the school on the dimensions of social marketability. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that there is a significant linear relationship between authentic leadership practice and school’s social marketability. Quantitative and qualitative findings provide evidence of the significant effect of authentic leadership practice in achieving school’s social marketability. Hence, the practice of self-awareness, moral perspective, balanced processing, and shared responsibility can lead to school social marketability. The key informants viewed social marketability as

the popularity of school based on its performance and achievements. Benefits of social marketability includes Building Partnerships, Resource Generation, Shared Responsibility in Learning Delivery and Improvement of Projects and Programs. Given the above information on the evaluation of the relationship of authentic leadership and social marketability, an Enhanced Leadership Framework was conceptualized.

A Sequential Qualitative Study for the Retooling of Teachers in the Preparation and Implementation of Performance Task Assessment Fatima T. David Teodoro M. Gatchalian Don Honorio Ventura State University This sequential qualitative study aims to take a deeper understanding on the process of preparing and implementing Performance Task Assessment (PTA) of teachers. Furthermore, the second goal of this study is to comprehend the process where PTA is deemed to be delivered effectively. It mainly aims to bridge the gap between the actual administration of PTA of teachers inside the classroom and experts’ point of view. In order to achieve this, a total of 13 participants composed of eight (8) secondary teachers and five (5) experts in classroom assessment were interviewed to gather rich insights of the subject through an open-ended questionnaire. The gathered data were transcribed, coded and categorized. Thematic analysis was used by the researcher to summarize major patterns and themes for the presentation of findings. Findings revealed that teachers might need retooling on the process of preparing and implementing PTA considering learners’ diversity and possible resource constraints. The analyzed data from this study was used in crafting a framework for future retooling program for teachers in their preparation and implementation of PTA. With the support of the Commission of Higher Education, Department of Education, and local school administration, teachers can further improve their readiness in the preparation and implementation of PTA as stipulated in the conclusion and recommendation of this study. This new method of students’ evaluation does not only contribute to the achieved grades, learnings, and experiences of students but most importantly equips them with the skills as demanded of the real world outside the classroom.

Acceptability and Readiness for Adoption of Creative School Framework in a Public Secondary School Ethel Ann P. Ladringan Catalino P. Rivera Don Honorio Ventura State University Using sequential explanatory design, the study focused on the Acceptability and Readiness for the Adoption of the Creative School Framework in sa Public Secondary School. It assessed the acceptability to host and implement the Creative Schools Framework (CSF) and the readiness of CSF to its members. The quantitative part of the study include: The faculty respondents obtained an institutionalization level under development framework with an overall mean of 2.79; The undecided item under solving problems creatively by the pupil respondents was: I feel that people who try to achieve perfection are unwise gained a verbal interpretation of intermediate attitude with a mean score of 2.65; The generated overall mean of pupil respondents under solving problems creatively was 4.78; and There is an increase in the level of creativeness among the pupil respondents from Grades 7-10 based from their academic performance. Meanwhile, the following themes surfaced in the qualitative analysis of the data: (1) On the main task of instructional leadership: Change Agentry, Ethical in Decision Making and Leadership Transitions and Succession Planning; (2) On the success and/or failure in academics and non-academics: Effectiveness and Adaptability; and (3) On the learning environment of the creative school: Teacher’s Characteristics, Classroom Practices and the Use of ICT. The proposed Creative School Framework will be embedded in the strategic directions of team secondary and has the following strands: strategic direction, KRAs, OPRCF objectives, and program/project/activity.

SPECIAL PANEL BY GOVERNANCE FUTURES LAB (1)

_________________________________________________ Risk Communication on Covid-19 Vaccination Booster in Philippine Local Government: A Structural Equation Model Kent Elmann R. Cadalin Joshua Rei R. Maximo Reginald G. Ugaddan, Ph.D. Governance Futures Lab National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines Diliman Despite the availability of COVID-19 booster vaccinations for more than a year and the need to maintain vaccine-induced protection against variant strains and recurring resurgence of cases, localities in the Philippines suffer from a low vaccination booster rate. The Department of Health records only 20,093,331 received boosters from the 71,523,190 who completed their primary dose(s). Applying the lens of the health belief model and theory of planned behavior, this study investigates the behavior of the local government residents to receive COVID-19 booster shots with their knowledge, perception, and attitudes of the risk communication strategies of the COVID-19 vaccination booster administration of the local government. The study employs data through an online self-administered questionnaire among the residents of Pasig City, which were then analyzed using structural equation modeling. The study underscores a more proactive risk communication approach from local government units in their use of social media to increase knowledge and risk perception among its constituents and pave the way for a more resilient local government response throughout the uncertain futures of the pandemic.

Resilience of Service delivery during Covid’19 Pandemic: Case study of the Ghana Civil Service Addey Charity Mawufemor Sungkyunkwan University The COVID-19 pandemic attacked firms with adverse consequences for existing production capacities. At the same time, digitalization increasingly showed as a channel for mitigating economic losses from the pandemic, and we expect firms facing digital constraints to be less resilient to productivity. The current study focused on the resilience of service delivery during the prevalence of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Ghana Civil Service. The study goals focus on identifying the issues of resilience, technology, productivity, motivation, and prevalence of Civil Service and public sectors survival after the hit of the COVID-19 pandemic. Institutional establishment of working productively under the alternative working condition reflects improvement in service delivery as compared to normal working times. What encourages the organization to adopt information technology and digitalization in the Civil Service? The government needs to review policies and introduce some benefits to workers and the system be assessed based on productivity, motivation, prevalence, and technology to be a modern service. Government support can be asking for aid or signing MoU with South Korea for strong technology operation and digitalization as well as management support for implementations. Government regulations play an essential role in policy creation, system structures, and cultural practices in the organization. The research involves mixed method, as the qualitative approach include relevant kinds of literature review and analysis whilst quantitative analysis entails a questionnaire survey. Author recommended that; sensitization and more education on Covid-19, training workshops should be in the public domain. There should be full financial support to private organizations from the government to help build the collapsing business affected by the strike of Covid-19 pandemic. Motivation should be given to staff for their efforts in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic and other service delivery. Cooperate institutions and organizations should maintain a culture of good safety protocols and provide adequate PPEs to support their staffs, Technological advancement and digitalization enforced in Public Sector to help build the economy. Better Policies from Government laid for any future pandemic outbreak. The model

demonstrates that motivation, technology, and productivity have connectivity with resilience during pandemic.

Platform Governance for Smart and Lean Government: Implications to the Futures of Local Governance in the Philippines Caren Claire L. Avenido Justine B. Perez Reginald G. Ugaddan Governance Futures Lab National College of Public Administration University of the Philippines Citizens are increasingly demanding quality services and public value. At the same time, challenges posed by advancements in technology and high-speed ICT infrastructure – e.g., big data analytics, cloud computing, social media, and artificial intelligence – necessitate initiating innovative reforms for the use of limited resources effectively and efficiently. Local government units (LGUs) are now, more than ever, under greater pressure to provide services within severe resource constraints, while enhancing public trust in the government. New governance models and approaches such as smart government (s-Government) and lean government (l-Government) were viewed as a response to traditional governance models' perceived inefficiency and inflexibility. The s-Government and l-Government employ platforms in sustaining interactions between and among the government, citizens, and businesses. Attention needs to be paid concerning how LGUs operate within the context of a platforming government, what are the roles and relationships of LGUs, citizens, businesses, and other local stakeholders, and how the process of public value creation is improved. Implications for theory and practice in local government administration are also discussed.

SPECIAL PANEL BY GOVERNANCE FUTURES LAB (2) _________________________________________________ Quiet Quitting in the Higher Education Institutions: Determining and Testing Antecedents, Mediators, and Moderators in the Philippines Dr. Reginald G. Ugaddan National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines Diliman Ms. Izelle C. Francisco College of Public Administration and Governance Tarlac State University One of the challenges of education is to realize that the needs of the learners are the needs of the peoples. Quiet quitting means doing the bare minimum of one's job and devoting no more time, effort, or enthusiasm than what is necessary. Resignation is in full swing and faculty members are experiencing higher rates and intensities of burnout. Around the region, there is an increasing recognition that higher education is critical for sustained growth. The purpose of the study it to explore and understand the relationship of stress, burnout, and intentions in quite quitting of faculty members in an institution. This research is vital because it will determine and test the antecedents, mediators, and moderators of stress, burnout, and intentions in quite quitting. The data for this study were gathered in the following ways through documentary analysis from the different HEIs. The findings suggest that government efforts to reform higher education therefore are important steps in the right direction. The main conclusion from the study is that high job stress is correlated with high labor turnover, whereas low job stress is associated with employees' willingness to stay with their current organization.

Exploring the Motivating and Demotivating Factors of Work From Home During a Pandemic

Reginald G. Ugaddan Nelin E. Dulpina National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines Diliman Public sector organizations worldwide considered the COVID-19 pandemic as one of the most significant environmental disruptions. While the public sector responds to mitigate the impact of the pandemic, there is also mounting pressure to ensure high-quality public health delivery, effectiveness and efficiency in administration coupled with high citizen participation in governance, and enhanced performance and productivity. However, these expectations and demands depend on the capacity of public sector workers to adapt to a new work model. As a response to the pandemic, public organizations adopted alternative work arrangement policies that have dramatically changed the manner and demands of work—both at work and beyond work—for public sector workers (Schuster et al., 2020). The Philippine governmentemployed work-from-home arrangement, skeleton workforce, four-day or compressed workweek, and staggered working hours allow employees to work through the mobile platform, video conferencing, and remote workplace (Civil Service Commission [CSC], Memorandum Circular No. 10, s. 2020). Obviously, like in other countries, the alternative work arrangements (AWA) for public workers in the Philippines is a strategy adopted to ensure safety and promote social distancing during the pandemic, not a choice but a policy to follow. Even before the COVID-19 pandemic, there was a growing demand for reform and innovation in public organizations that must emphasize humanistic and employee-centric policies (Denhardt & Catlaw, 2014; Wise, 2002; Vickers & Kouzmin, 2001); that organizational transformation must carry with it safety nets against unintended effects to individuals and organizations. Given that employees have personal and family obligations to attend to, government agencies employ family-friendly policies to improve performance. These policies have been adopted to mitigate tardiness, absenteeism, and work interruptions (Park, Joaquin, Min, & Ugaddan, 2017; Lee & Hong, focusing on smart work systems (e.g., AWA) strengthens the post- NPM value concentrate not only on managerial initiatives and service orientation, but also integrating organizational humanity, social equity, and democratization via technological development (Denhardt & Catlaw, 2014; Park et al., 2017). Prior studies suggest differing results on the impact of AWA or other smart work systems on organizational and individual-level factors such as performance, job satisfaction, turnover, burnout, motivation, performance management (see, for example, Gajendran & Harrison 2007; Mann &Adkins 2017; Park et al., 2017). However, the particular COVID -19 pandemic context may moderate different relationships of organizational and individual antecedents and outcomes brought by the AWA in the Philippine public organizations. We assume that the Philippines' solid organizational characteristics (i.e., cultural, leadership, structural, procedural) may directly influence and interact with AWA satisfaction to predict employee outcomes. This paper examines the direct and interacting effects of various factors of organizational culture, leadership, process, and structure on AWA and performance.

Local Government Elected Officials’ Influence on Disciplinary Measures to Local Government Public Administrators Dorice Bakundukize Dario Graduate School of Local Governance Sungkyunkwan University Local Government administrative setting is important for conveying government services and plans to the public at the grassroots and allow participation of the public in deliberating plans that determine their life standards. This provides avenue for leadership within accepted structural arrangement of leadership, social cultural and infrastructural build-up, to orient the development agenda. At the Local Government level, political and bureaucrats constitute important block of the government leadership structure. These have to work in sensitive and concrete tie to achieve the Government goal.

In Tanzania, Politicians and Bureaucrats in the Local Government create a complex structure of leadership, interactions and finally the society. The current study was designed to examine and improve understanding on the Political-Bureaucrats interface taking into consideration of the role of each in development agenda, the role of each in disciplinary management of the bureaucrats taking into account the supremacy nature of Politicians in the leadership and the effects felt under over leadership political supremacy. The study was conducted in Shinyanga Region, Tanzania. The study sample population comprised of a sample bureaucrat of heads of departments and sections in four out of six Councils in the Region. A paramount number of Politicians, i.e., Councillors in the four Councils was also part of the sample population. The study methodology constitutes review of the literature, working experience and non-official interviews, online administered questionnaire and physical questionnaire interviews. A questionnaire was designed to cover the general information, study specific ideas to be analysed statistically, the Social Network Analysis (SNA) questions and the subjectivity questions. The data was gathered and managed in excel sheets, later analysed by the use of SPSS IBM software for general and statistical analysis. Cytoscape software was used for SNA and Ken Q web-based software was used to do the subjectivity analysis. Exploratory analysis revealed the data was not normally distributed. The data was transformed to median and analysed as ordinal data. Frequencies and percentages were used to measure variations for the variables. Further, correlation analysis was carried out to asses association of variables. Ordinal regression analysis was conducted to examine the study hypotheses. A total number of 139 Respondents were approached and responded to questionnaires. Only 46 Respondents were available for the Q methodology questionnaires. Results indicate there are tensions in the Local Government authorities that come as the result of inadequate capacity of elected officials and perceptions of bureaucrats. Further, Local Government authority Bureaucrats are the prominent stakeholders in the social-political-bureaucrats network, while the Politicians are the influential in dispensing discipline of Bureaucrats. A disciplinary procedure that uphold collaborative governance, dynamic and comprehensive disciplinary procedure was found to be the best way to avoid biased disciplinary actions.

Political Will, Governance, and Sustainable Tourism in the 2018 Rehabilitation of Boracay Island, Philippines Ramil B. Atando Christine Mae D. Hernando Tourism is a major revenue generator, but pollution, overcrowding, and unregulated activities have threatened sustainable tourism in the world-renowned Boracay Island in central Philippines. This study probed the integration of good governance by authorities while exercising strong political will in reviving sustainable tourism in its top tourist destination through a six-month closure for rehabilitation in 2018. Specifically, the causes, components, stages, and impacts of the abrupt cleanup are detailed. To validate collected data, the researchers agreed on the themes after manually coding individually the media texts collected daily through text and data mining since the first day of rehabilitation. The implementation and sustainability of policy reforms on the island since reopening until 2022 were verified through onsite visit and knowledge informant interview. All gathered data were further clumped through thematic analysis. Utilizing strong political will within the scope of good governance has led to the restoration of sustainable tourism in Boracay. The upgrading of roads, drainage, and sewerage systems were yet to be fully completed, but practices toward sustainable tourism could be seen since the island re-opened in October 2018. The national and local governments have been soft states in enforcing public policies prerequisites to sustainable tourism from 1978 to March 2018.

SPECIAL PANEL BY GOVERNANCE FUTURES LAB (3) _________________________________________________

“Does the Pubic Organization Perform Better by Going Digital?” Examining the Effect of Digital Transformation on Organizational Performance of the Government of Gorontalo Province, Indonesia Gema Putra Baculu Global School of Governance Sungkyunkwan University Based on the theory of e-Government Maturity Model (eMM) by Hiller and Belangger in 2001, the government of Gorontalo Province is in a state of inequality in progress between one agency and another, most of which are still in the Information stage, a small part have explored the Interaction stage, and a small part are already at the Transaction stage. As for referring to the Deloitte and Touche framework model introduced in 2000, which divides the maturity of e-Government into six stages, the government of Gorontalo Province is in the second stage, namely the Official Two-Way Transaction, in which communication and two-way interaction between government and society have been successfully provided. In a broader perspective, it can be said to be in the process of strengthening the implementation of Digital Transformation. This can be observed from the many efforts to increase business process acceleration by implementing various advancements in digitalization, e.g., Data Center Construction, Fiber Optic Based Intranet, Digital Signature, Internet Based Attendance Management, Social Network Service (SNS) Utilization on information sharing, internet-based personnel data management, EPurchasing for small scale procurement, internet-based local tax collection, internet-based investment permit registration. In the same period of time, the organizational performance of the government of Gorontalo Province in the dimensions of Bureaucracy, Accountability, and Innovation has been performing well in a constant way. This research is going to examine the relationship between digital transformation and the performance of public organization, by observing the case of parallel advancement of digital transformation and organizational performance taking places in the Government of Gorontalo Province. The research employs organizational process and employee engagement as mediating variables, and organizational culture as a moderating variable. This research will utilize a quantitative technique as a research method. Primary data will be used in the form of a perspective of the public servants reflected by the answers from the snowballed questionnaire. A combination of descriptive analysis and Structured Equation Model (SEM) will be utilized in order to analyze collected data, employing SPSS and AMOS as the supporting tools. This research may provide valuable input for stakeholders and decision-makers regarding the future digital transformation of the government of Gorontalo Province. By delivering scientific and empirical evidence from this research, decision-making for development planning would possess a solid and valid basis. This research may also become a basis for future research in order to produce a roadmap/masterplan as a guideline for every party involved in regional development.

Assess the effectiveness and sustainability of the Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS) program in selected communities of the West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly of the North East Region of Ghana Elija Adam Open defecation is a practice where people “free themselves” (defecate) in the open environment. This practice is worse in the rural part of Ghana especially; the northern enclaves were West Mamprusi Assembly is located. In 2015, global sanitation figures show that, 2.4 billion people lack improved sanitation and 946 million people practiced Open Defecation. Fecal contamination of the environment from poor sanitation together with poor handwashing caused an estimated 57,700 deaths annually (Jonny Crocker, 2016).

In 2020, 54% of global population (4.2 billion) have access to safely managed sanitation services. Out of this number, 1.7 billion people still do not have toilets or latrines in their homes but manages with others and public toilets. Interestingly, 494 million people defecate in the open such as bushes, gutters and water bodies – WHO, 2022. In Africa and Ghana, poor sanitation is linked to diarrhea disease which causes about 16% to 25% of deaths among children under five years (Binka et al). Government as part of her efforts and mandate to improve sanitation created a ministry of sanitation to help in the achievement of the principle of Sustainable Development Goal six (6) (Access to adequate and equitable sanitation and hygiene for all). It also took further initiatives to identify a program called Community Led Total sanitation (CLTS) in the year 2000 to meet the SDGs by 2030. The Community Led Total sanitation program is an innovation strategy to mobilize communities to practice desired environmental hygiene to eliminate Open Defecation (OD). The program started in Bangladesh in 1999 and later spread through 60 countries, mostly Africa and the Asia (Valentina Zuin et al, 2019) It is a pilot program in the northern part of Ghana and West Mamprusi Municipal Assembly in perspective. The program enabled construction of latrines, handwashing education and sanctions to ensure compliance. A community is ODF if all houses own and use latrines effectively. The program focuses on behavioral changes needed to ensure real and sustainable improvements instead of constant government and NGO supply. It relies on facilitators from the communities called “Natural Leaders” to spearhead the CLTS activities. This is supported by traditional leaders of various communities. It is against this background that the research is fashioned to find out the effectiveness and sustainability of the CLTS strategy that has been successfully implemented in the West Mamprusi Municipality since its operation in November 2012. The objective of the research includes following; 1.Analyze the sanitation situations in the communities before and after the introduction of CLTS 2. Examine the contributions of the CLTs program in the West Mamprusi Municipality. 3. To find out if the program is sustainable. The research is anticipated to address the sanitation needs of the people by the lessons learnt from the CLTS program implementation, bring efficient institutional framework that will ensure effective and sustainable implementation of CLTS and add to existing knowledge in shaping the sanitation policies. The researcher used a mixed method approach (qualitative and quantitative methods) to carry out the research. This was done through interviews, observations, focus group discussing, etc on one side and the use of survey through google forms on the other. With the survey, questionnaire was designed for respondents from the selected communities, staff, and NGOs. It also relied on secondary data from the Environmental Health Department The study administered 247 respondence including household heads chosen through rigorous random sampling with a fixed interval of 3. A statistical too call SPSS was employed with the help of Microsoft Excel to create frequency tables, graphs, and pie charts.

Thematic analysis was used to assess qualitative data, and the combined findings of quantifiable information in the form of narrations or direct quotes. The research was conducted in ten communities of the Municipality: Daboya, Takuka, Booku Duuri, Yelwaku, Gbimsi, Wulugu, Yama, Tinguri, Guabuliga and Janga. Data collection procedure Semi-structured research questionnaires in the form of google forms were used for the quantitative data. Participants were given questionnaires to complete by skilled research assistants who also helped them in doing so. Five focused group discussions (FGD) sessions were undertaken with household heads, one from each sub-location depending on the community. These sessions produced qualitative data. The research assistants recorded the participants' opinions by asking questions and taking down notes. The research revealed the following findings. Assess the Effectiveness of the “Mahallabay System” on Local Development in Uzbekistan: The case of Samarqand region Fazliddin Nasriddinov Sungkyunkwan University Local development is one of the most important thing in economic policy of government. So, diversification of the regional economy, poverty reduction, increase the income, employment and improvement of business environment are main priority of the local development policy in Uzbekistan. The study looks at the key elements of local development in Uzbekistan, based on “Mahallabay system”, which is the most important in Uzbekistan’s regional economy. The purpose of the study is to analyze the effectiveness of “Mahallabay system” on local development in Uzbekistan. Few researchers conducted analysis processes in this study, and almost no research has been hold on assess the effectiveness of “Mahallabay system”. Consequently, the main objectives of the study are to identify the important factors to improve the “Mahallabay system”. This study conducts the mixed method approach, online survey and interview. As primary data, the study uses online survey questionnaire and data collection from public sector employees, population and business subjects of Samarqand region. Also, this research uses a secondary data from literature, previous researchers, analytical documents of ministries and committees, and official resources. Moreover, the result of the research contributes to the academic knowledge on enhancing effectiveness of public policy in local development. So, this study may help civil servants to realize and evaluate policies in the local development level more effectively.

PANEL 1: EFFICIENT AND EFFECTIVE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION SERVICES IN COVID-19 _________________________________________________ Makati’s Barangay Justice System Enhancement Program: Opportunities and Challenges Towards Innovative Best Practices Pompeyo C. Adamos II University of Makati

Atty. Maria Salve Rubaya-Adamos Rizal Provincial Government The University of Makati-College of Continuing, Advanced and Professional Studies has been engaging students from different backgrounds and professions, mostly from the local government. One such group of students are those from the building block of the community, the Barangay. With the College’s partnership with the national and local government, and the Philippine Society for Public Administration, the certificate course on barangay justice system focusing on the alternative dispute resolution for the Lupon Tagapamayapa was formed. This program was created to help the Barangay in the efficient and effective service delivery of dispute resolution and to help unclog the courts from unnecessary cases. The participants of this capacity building program are, primarily, the Makati City Barangay officials like the Barangay Chairman, the Lupon members and the interested citizens of the barangay. This exploratory study endeavors to examine this program and emphasize its aspects as an innovation and best practice in Public Administration. This study will also dwell on the challenges and opportunities in the implementation of this program from its inception before the COVID 19 pandemic and beyond. Initial conclusions and recommendations to enhance the program will also be presented. This study will utilize a descriptive-qualitative approach.

Challenges and best practices in the COVID-19 crisis communication of the Philippine Department of Health Sheena A. Valenzuela Ateneo Policy Center, School of Government Ateneo de Manila University This study analyzed the challenges and best practices in the crisis communication of the Philippine Department of Health (DOH) during the COVID-19 pandemic, covering the period from January 2020 when the first case was reported in the Philippines up to May 31, 2020, when the enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) was lifted in major parts of the country. The study utilized key informant interviews with DOH executives, media executives, public health experts, and civil society organization (CSO) leaders. The study identified daily media briefings as among the best practices in crisis communication. On the other hand, the lack of formalized communication roles in the DOH was identified as the main challenge in crisis communication. The study recommended the creation of plantilla positions for public relations officers in the DOH to roles improve communication processes, strengthen institutional memory, and aid in building trust with stakeholders.

Covid-19 Pandemic: Health Care Practices, Protocols, and Interventions of the Provincial Operation Center Mr. Sundie P. Buna, MPSM Dr. Jhona D. Landong Mr. Rene Timothy C. Malferrari Jr., MPSM, MBM Bukidnon State University –Talakag Satellite Campus Using a quantitative descriptive research design, this paper describes the practices, protocols, and interventions of the medical frontliners in the provincial COVID-19 operation centers, with one hundred respondents. Aligned with the utilization management theory, results of the study show that respondents had high extent of the practice in inspection prevention/ control practices, hand hygiene (hand washing/ hand rubbing), appropriate use of Personal Protection Equipment), Proper disinfection/ decontamination, and proper segregation of waste. On inspection prevention and control practices, front liners have established a process to identify and manage individuals with suspected or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection and to identify anyone entering the facility. In terms of hand hygiene, it was found that in the

absence of soap and running water, the respondents used hand sanitizer (with 60 percent alcohol) and soapy water to remove the bacteria. All workers were recommended to wear Personal Protection Equipment when evaluating and caring for a patient. In terms of adequate disinfection/ decontamination, respondents were capacitated on how to perform proper cleaning and the usage of disinfection chemicals. Suitable facilities for temporary storage were also installed. Respondents were made to understand how to execute current infection prevention and control (IPC) practices for COVID-19.

Integrating the Sustainable Development Goals in the Teaching of Public Administration: Examples from Benilde’s School of Diplomacy and Governance Gary Ador Dionisio Maricel Fernandez, Shiela May Sabalburo De La Salle College of Saint Benilde This paper contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals through education. It argues that in order to achieve the SDGs, there is a need for an education for sustainable development (ESD). This model will be used in analyzing SDGs in higher educational institutions. To integrate SDGs in the teaching of public administration, it is necessary to reorient curriculum, programs, practices, and policies of the schools. This challenge affects the governance of education, educational institutions managers and educators, as well as the content and pedagogy of education. Hence, this paper will take stock of the initiatives of various higher educational institutions globally and locally in contributing to the achievement of the SDGs whether directly or indirectly. The paper will also take a look on how public institutions integrate SDGs in the teaching of PA and whether there are policies surrounding it. It will also compare the implementation of the public vis-à-vis private institutions. The paper will also highlight some examples, including the example of the School of Diplomacy and Governance of the De La Salle College of Saint Benilde in updating its curriculum and integrating SDGs in the teaching of elective courses in the Governance and Public Affairs program (GPA) and the Diplomacy and International Affairs (DIA). In particular, GPA is a relatively new program which was offered in the height of the Covid19 pandemic. It is a program designed to mainstream the importance of international organizations such as intergovernmental organizations, international non – government organizations, UN organs and agencies in the formulation of ‘some programs and policies’ related to governance and development. It also provides a clear comprehension on how the dynamics of local – national – regional and global governance are occurred and inter-related. Hence, the assumption is that the program became more relevant and adaptive during the pandemic when the governments and institutions are looking for ways to address the unfolding of the new normal.

Pandemic Governance: Responses for COVID-19 Management of Zamboanga City Al-Ghani D. Mohammad Western Mindanao State University The challenges posed by pandemic governance include the efficient management of socioeconomic and political issues. In today's sociodemographic and globalized environment, a rational and scientific approach to pandemic governance and public health policy formulation necessitates a sociopolitical combination of science, culture, and people. Effective pandemic governance requires an approach that is adaptive, and lesson based. In instances when faith in government institutions and political leadership are crucial, knowledge of the public health system, epidemiology, and socio-political issues is also important. Effective pandemic governance can impact COVID-19 management outcomes. This study looks into the Zamboanga City's COVID-19 management responses. It examines the efficiency of the measures implemented by Zamboanga City in the critical areas specified for the management of the COVID-19 epidemic. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative method using secondary data analysis and interview guide. This study demonstrates that Zamboanga City's approaches to the management of the COVID-19 pandemic are effective in eleven (11) assessment categories. This study also reveals flaws in the application of countermeasures against the spread of the COVID-19 virus. Thus, there is a need to

improve responses on the part of political leaders by designing, integrating, and implementing sound governance strategies in the fight against COVID-19 pandemic.

PANEL 2: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TOWARDS SDGs (1) _________________________________________________ Towards a Climate-Resilient Metropolitan: Challenges in Mainstreaming Climate Change among Metro Manila Local Government Units Alyssa Victoria P. Velasco Kent Elmann Cadalin Airah Danelle Tuazon National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines Diliman With the increasing global recognition of climate change as a highly localized affair, local government units have been recognized as frontline agencies for climate action. However, there is a lack of knowledge to what level climate action has been institutionalized at the local level. This study thus investigated how climate change is incorporated in the profiles, plans, and policies of all LGUs in Metro Manila. A mainstreaming criteria was developed consisting of four major indicators through which each LGU was evaluated. Moreover, climate actions implemented by Quezon City during the pandemic were selected as a case study. Key takeaways include that while most LGUs have their own Local Climate Change Action Plans and use the Climate Change Expenditure Tagging, they have difficulties integrating climate change in their respective Comprehensive Land Use Plans and developing their own Greenhouse Gas Inventories. These local profiles, plans, and policies are crucial as they serve as the foundation for the LGU's longterm and short-term programs. The institutional, technical, and financial capacities of local government units in the Philippines must thus be strengthened to achieve mainstreaming of climate change at the local level and realize the vision of a climate-resilient Metropolitan Manila.

The Global Goals at the Grassroots: A Review of the SDG-FACES Program as a Best Practice in Mandaluyong City Mia Loraine Simpao Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Dr. Alejandro Christian Soler De La Salle University Rooted from its earlier version under the Millennium Development Goals, the Sustainable Development Goals Family-Based Actions for Children and their Environs in the Slums (SDG- FACES) program demonstrates the essence of the global goals at the grassroots. A national government initiative implemented at the local level, Mandaluyong City is among the pioneer cities of SDG-FACES. This research focuses on the best practices of Mandaluyong City in implementing the program with the objective of localizing the Global Goals from the national level to the basic unit of society – the family. With young mothers and children in urban slums as the target groups of SDG-FACES, the study further discusses the role of young women in contextualizing what the SDGs mean in their daily lives. In effect, this also directly translates to programs and initiatives that the local government must prioritize in addressing their needs. In the case of Mandaluyong City, these young women and their families were not only recipients of the program but are the advocates of SDGs within their own families. Through the Five Key Principles of Sustainable Development Governance by Reinhard Steurer, the study conducts a holistic assessment of the SDG-FACES in Mandaluyong City, the cooperation between the LGU and civil society in maximizing its opportunities, and its case as a best practice in operationalizing the essence of the Global Goals in Filipino families.

Transforming Global Goals into Local Actions: The Localization of Sustainable Development Goals in the City Government of Mandaluyong Mia Loraine Simpao Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Dr. Alejandro Christian Soler De La Salle University This study focuses on the localization of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in the Philippine local government of Mandaluyong City through analyses on the coherence and coordination between national, regional, and local governments. Using the framework on Horizontal and Vertical Policy Integration for Sustainable Development Governance, this research conducted document analyses and interviews with key government agencies in investigating the multiple layers of governance towards SDG localization. The Philippines has embedded the SDGs in its national strategies and monitoring systems – the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022 and its Results Matrix along with the initial list of SDG indicators – and anchored on these the strategic localization of the Global Goals. This research builds upon the important role of cities and local governments in this process, as cities are in strategic position to adopt local contexts, develop policies, and engage local communities towards the SDGs. Through the Five Key Principles of Sustainable Development Governance by Reinhard Steurer, the study conducts a holistic assessment on the strengths and weaknesses of the Philippines, particularly Mandaluyong City, in localizing the SDGs and the PDP 2017- 2022. In doing so, the horizontal and vertical coordination of Mandaluyong City with civil society as well as with national government agencies – National Economic and Development Authority, Philippine Statistics Authority, Department of Interior and Local Government, their regional arms along with the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority – are thoroughly investigated in this research.

Development of Mobile Application for Water Concessionaire Towards Efficient Account Monitoring and Service Delivery Felixberto P. Baguyo, Jr., MPA Rolando L. Langurayan Jr., DPA Capiz State University Metro Roxas Water District (MRWD) is a Category B water district and a Government Owned and Controlled Corporation (GOCC) in Capiz that provides safe and potable water for the concessionaires located in Roxas City and in the Municipalities of Ivisan, Panitan, and Panay. The study aimed to develop an android mobile application for the concessionaires of MRWD and evaluate its acceptability based from the criteria specified by ISO 25010:2011. This utilized the descriptive and developmental methods. The needed data were gathered using an evaluation form to evaluate the level of acceptability of the mobile application in terms of functional suitability, performance efficiency, compatibility, usability, reliability, maintainability, portability and security. The android mobile application for the concessionaires of MRWD is a concessionaire centered app that is intended to deliver the services of MRWD to its clients anytime and anywhere. The viewing of current bill feature of the mobile app was based on the existing paper water bill of MRWD. The bill due date reminder feature is another service provided by the app that automatically send notifications to the user when a bill is generated by the existing billing and collection system of MRWD. The viewing of payment history feature shows the last thirty (30) payment transactions of the user. In other incidents feature, the user is required to type a description, remarks and details about the incident. The reinstallation and reconnection notification feature is the mobile application’s way of informing the user that a job order for reconnection or reinstallation will be performed with their account. The link to payment apps feature of the mobile application is intended for the user of the app to open directly the GCash and PayMaya apps, the two online payment apps used by MRWD in accepting payments. Furthermore, when all the 32 expert-respondents were taken as a whole, they evaluated the level of acceptability of the mobile application as very acceptable and the level of acceptability of the mobile application for the concessionaires of MRWD as very acceptable also in terms of functional

suitability, performance efficiency, reliability, usability, compatibility, security, maintainability, and portability.

Towards an Institutional Framework for Integrating Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Into the Local Energy Planning Process: Learning From the Lessons of Bohol and Palawan Ma. Pamela Grace C. Muhi, DPA Polytechnic University of the Philippines Energy security plays an important role in all economic sectors in attaining the long-term vision of inclusive economic and growth development of the local economy. The attainment of this vision is difficult as it is challenged by the need to build energy infrastructures that are not only responsive to the growing demand but can withstand the maximum credible natural disaster. This study came-up with a unified framework for integrating sustainable development and assessing local energy plans which may greatly contribute to all stakeholders involved in energy planning both at the local and national levels. This might provide a common platform as to what needs to be done during the entire energy planning process as well as to assess existing energy plans to address the gaps in energy security in the country. This study made use of the cases of the provinces of Palawan and Bohol which presented that the national government could further train and equip provinces across the Philippines to help them develop their own energy planning system to attain long-term vision of inclusive economic and growth development of the local economy.

PANEL 3: PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY (1) _________________________________________________ A Paperless Civil Service Commission in the future: Policy Implications Hilarion Cabinbin Matavia, Jr. Civil Service Commission – Regional Office XI The pandemic brought important demographic consequences as seen in the Civil Service Commission. In line with the recent thrust for paperless and contactless government transactions, the Civil Service Commission – Regional Office XI initiated changes in their client interaction to first, lessening paperdependent, and to shift to paperless transactions. The changes features COMEX (computer-generated Civil Service Exams), online hearing for Disciplinary and/or non-disciplinary case proceedings, virtual submission/editing/checking of PRIME HRM compliance, strengthened Website/FB Page platforms, and opening of Linkbiz/GCash/711 online payment schemes for transactions. Causal Layered Analysis (CLA) examined the levels of litany, social causes, the discourse/worldview, and myth/metaphor, for each scenario summary and the research design of this research study pertained to that of mixed methods: employing quantitative and qualitative tools to gather ample data from the different divisions of Civil Service Commission – Regional Office XI. This paper looks into the baby steps in shifting from in-person, F2F, Paper-dependent transactions (IFPT) to Online/Virtual/Paperless transactions (OVPT). By comparing pre- and peri- pandemic experiences of permanent employees in this office, we get a glimpse of how to go about implementing 100% the paperless, pandemic-proof system of government transactions. In addition, the paper will problematize CSC as a government office torn between renewing-byvirtualizing its transactions, or staying with its F2F, paper-consuming format.

PRIME-HRM in the Philippine Bureaucracy: Re-Engineering the Government Towards Competitive Public Service Chris Allen V. Matute Ramces M. Dili Polytechnic University of the Philippines

Re-engineering the governmental system is a vital key to attain effective human resources in the bureaucracy. With the help to institutionalize meritocracy and excellence in HR will attain by injecting innovations and competitiveness to the business processes. The Civil Service Commission (CSC) has developed PRIME or Program to Institutionalize Meritocracy and Excellence in Human Resource Management to elevate public sector human resource management to a level of global excellence. This PRIME-HRM is a tool to assess, assist and award the HRM systems such as Recruitment, Selection, and Placement (RSP), Learning and Development (L&D), Performance Management (PM) and Rewards and Recognition (R&R) of the government agencies with corresponding level of maturity. However, most of the government agencies failed to achieve the highest maturity level 4 in the PRIME-HRM due to lack of Information Technology Infrastructure (ITI) such as Human Resource System Information (HRIS). This study focuses on developing a framework to make public service delivery competitive and excellent by assessing the gaps in the internal HR. This will also help to level up the maturity level of the public sector into a global standard. The authors employed a qualitative method. The responses from the CSC officials through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were gathered to triangulate with existing literature and studies.

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Department of Health-Centers for Health Development Donna Mae A. Tolabing Department of Health Sylvia A. Delosa Cotabato State University This study aimed to predict the service quality and customer satisfaction of the Department of Health Region XII in the attainment of objectives using the descriptive-predictive research design to the 53 personnel and 100 select clients from the Finance sections. The findings revealed that the level of service quality in the Department of Health Region XII in tangibles, reliability, assurance, responsiveness, and empathy were highly implemented. The attainment of objectives in customer satisfaction of Department of Health Region XII in terms of employee appearance, improved customer relations, improved customer services, and improved facilities was highly attained. The correlational analysis between the service quality and the attainment of the Department of Health XII objectives was revealed to be significant. This means the null hypothesis is rejected. The overall regression analysis revealed that empathy and assurance showed significant influence on the attainment of the objectives of the Department of Health Region XII. Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected. The study concludes that the service quality of the Department of Health Region XII is highly satisfactory, as confirmed by the clients.

Proposing a Platform for Co-Creation: Consumer Awareness Miguel Christian C. Durana Asian Partnership for the Development of Human Resources in Rural Areas Lawrence Angelo M. Malasa Development Academy of the Philippines Pasig City Trisha Marie Palaganas Public Employment Service Office Local Government Unit of Sta. Barbara Jean Carla Sapallo House of Representatives This paper aims to conduct an analysis related to the target outcome on raising consumer rights awareness in the country, being included in the Philippine Development Plan for 2017- 2022.

Based from PESTLE analysis and stakeholder mapping conducted, some of the challenges include: 1) high risk for exposure to online scam and digital fraud, 2) the need for a more proactive National Consumer Affairs Council, 3) better handling of consumer complaints, 4) pushing for policies ensuring consumer protection online, and 5) consideration of environment- friendly packaging. Moreover, several possible scenarios are conceptualized based on the degree of change and reforms that can be made in response to the gaps and challenges mentioned. These are labelled as Offline Scenario (no change), Add to Cart Scenario (marginal change), Shipping Scenario (adaptive change), and Full Delivery Scenario (radical change). The group also proposes a platform for co-creation in which aims to “foster an enabling environment for strengthened collaboration among stakeholders in promoting, monitoring, and protecting consumer rights and responsibilities”. Its sub-goals include 1) updating consumer policies in response to new trends and challenges by reviving the National Consumer Affairs Council, and 2) encourage participation and representation of COs from national to local levels.

PANEL 4: PUBLIC SERVICE IN TIMES OF CRISIS (1) _________________________________________________ Performance on the Seal of Good Local Governance in the Province of Aklan Roger M. Esto Capiz State University The study was conducted from August to October 2021 to assess the performance of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in the implementation of the Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) program. The respondents of the study were 126 LGUs personnel who were directly involved in the SGLG implementation. A structured questionnaire tested for its validity and reliability was utilized to gather the needed data. Descriptive-correlational research methods were used and results were interpreted at 0.05 level of significance. The eighteen (18) LGUs “sometimes” practiced organizational values towards good governance in terms of accountability, participation, predictability, and transparency. Their performance was rated “high” in social protection, peace and order, business friendliness and competitiveness, and environmental management. A significant relationship was observed between respondents’ monthly income and level of performance in financial administration, disaster preparedness, social, and tourism, culture and the arts. The LGUs governance practices was significantly related to their level of performance in financial administration, disaster preparedness, social protection, and tourism, culture and the arts.

A Phenomenological Study on How Public Servants Manifest Public Service Values During The Covid-19 Pandemic Aisha N. Sevilleja Sheila E. Calica Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University The barangay captains played an important role in implementing different health protocols during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. Emanating the proper public service values expected of them ensures public trust in delivering excellent service to their people. This study explored the lived experiences of the Barangay Captains during the implementation of the Luzon-wide enhanced community quarantine. Specifically, elicited their responses on how different public service values are manifested; challenges encountered; and policy recommendations during a pandemic. A one-on-one interview was done with fourteen barangay captains with COVID-19 positive cases. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. Two major conclusions emerged from the findings of this study: (1) seven public service values developed from the themes and these values shed light on the officials’ value strengths in handling crises like this pandemic; (2) the officials also experienced challenges such as stress and pressure,

dealing with difficult and problematic people, and explaining to people. A framework explaining the lived experiences and manifestations of public service values were presented, and policy recommendations.

Conflict Management and Organization Performance in the Department of Health-Centers for Health Development Mikaela Antonetta B. Lazo SOCCSKSARGEN General Hospital Sylvia A. Delosa Cotabato State University The study assessed the implementation of conflict management strategies as modes of settling employeemanagement disputes in DOH-CHD XII and Organization performance using descriptive -correlational research design to the 83 select personnel. The findings revealed that the level of implementation of conflict management strategies as modes of settling employee-management disputes in DOH-CHD XII in conciliation, mediation, and arbitration was moderately implemented. The level of organization performance in DOH-CHD XII in employee relations in terms of counseling and recreation was moderately performed. Meanwhile, organization performance in employee morale in terms of health and welfare was moderately performed. The correlation between conflict management as the mode of settling employee-management disputes and organization performance was accepted. The conflict management strategies of DOH-CHD XII as modes of settling employee-management disputes were well implemented since mandated guidelines for conciliation, mediation, and arbitration as part of conflict resolution can develop a better human relationship and promote the welfare of personnel.

Local Innovation and Strategies in Public Administration Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: The Case of the Province of La Union, Philippines Marissa R. Fangon Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University-South La Union Campus, Consolacion, Agoo, La Union Local Government Units (LGUs) around the country face the difficult task and pressure of delivering emergency assistance to marginalized communities, including enforcing community quarantine measures to curb the spread of COVID-19 that started in 2020. With the problems encountered by the LGUs, the concept of Entrepreneurial Government by Osborne and Gaebler (1992) was introduced as an innovative strategy in public administration, empowering communities within the LGUs to solve this predicament rather than simply providing service delivery. Reinventing the government using entrepreneurial government through Local Economic Development (LED) to facilitate innovativeness in administrative services during the Covid-19 Pandemic is needed. This paper presents a partnership model involving business-society-local government cooperation toward LED for inclusive growth. This will document how the Province of La Union has become innovative in their LED initiatives to address the effect of COVID-19 on its constituents. It utilizes action research to document the success story of innovation in terms of the interaction between the role of LGUs, the constraints encountered, how partnership development, and how to formulate investment strategies leading to local economic growth amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic. Promoting entrepreneurial government as an innovation of the determined political-economic strategy is the output of this paper.

Management Practices of the Department of Health (DOH) Retained Government Hospitals on the Medical Records in the Philippines Ralliegh F. Vizcarra,RMT,PhD,DBA,DPA Isabela State University (ISU)

This study was conducted to determine the management practices of DOH Retained Government Hospitals on Medical Records in the Philippines. This study utilized a descriptive normative and inferential research designs with 62 respondents from 16 regions in the Philippines. The results of the study showed an extreme awareness on the records management. This study disclosed clearly defined Records Keeping Continuum Practices with the functional placement on records creation and capturing, use and maintenance, disposal and destruction and archival and preservation. This study revealed inadequacy of the storage in accommodating patients’ records. The Records Strategic Essential Practices, with functional placement on Staff Capacity Building and, Security and Access controls. However, this study revealed the non-placement of Disaster Management Plan for records with limitations on the placement of disaster management equipment as safety mechanisms. The level of compliance in terms of its Legal & Regulatory Framework is accorded with the awareness and compliance on the legal mandates, requirements and standards. This study divulged that hospitals must have to improve further the accuracy and understanding of clinical and administrative decisions, timeliness of clinical and administrative decisions and decision commitment of staff towards the implementation of clinical and administrative decisions. There was a significant difference between the respondents level of awareness when grouped according to their demographic profile only in terms of Age, Civil Status and the Length of Service. The study also revealed significant relationship between the respondents level of awareness on Records Management and Decision Making exemplified variations on its significance and non-significance on its impact in valuing the continual improvement of the accuracy and understanding clinical and administrative decisions and the commitment of staff geared towards timely implementation of clinical and administrative decisions in records management. Moreover, the study magnified that records management challenges such as missing files, misfiling, inadequate storage location, inadequate records professionals and poor staff knowledge. Moreover, the inadequate storage area of the hospital has necessitated the hospital to keep and secured records.

PANEL 5: LOCAL INNOVATIONS, STRATEGIES, LESSONS LEARNED AND BEST PRACTICES IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION/SERVICE IN COVID-19 AND BEYOND _________________________________________________ A Case Study on Makati CBD Workers: Effects of the Imposed COVID-19 Transportation Protocols Louie Iyar L. Dagoy Development Academy of the Philippines The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted public transportation services. Governments had different approaches in attempting to accommodate the transportation needs of commuters within cities amidst the health crisis. Cities such as Makati City, specifically, the Makati Central Business District where economic activity and job opportunities are thriving are thus significantly affected. As a response to cater to the transportation need of the commuters, the Department of Transportation (DOTr) formulated the Protocols/Guidelines for Public Transport Operations in April of 2020 to address the transportation need of workers amidst the pandemic. This paper aims to determine the changes in the commuting experience of Makati CBD workers by the imposed COVID-19 transportation protocols. The results indicate commuters have experienced lower volume of available PUVs, overloading of PUVs and enforcement issues with the protocols, changes in their transportation routes and modalities to and from Makati CBD, and faster travel time. In spite of the worsened commuting experience, the pandemic became an opportunity for the public transportation sector within Metro Manila to improve.

Towards Fostering Knowledge Co-Creation amidst the Pandemic: A Case Study of Knowledge Management Implementation among Selected LGUs in the Province of Tarlac

Maria Tiara Fatima F. Galang Vien Jamaica D. Samson Tarlac State University Knowledge is perhaps the most critical asset of an organization. In the Philippines, local government units are the frontliners’ of development, empowered as a catalyst with wide array of powers and functions granted under the Local Government Code of 1991. LGUs’ crucial roles include planning, policy formulation, and implementation. To effectively perform these tasks and respond to citizens' needs, particularly during the pandemic, LGUs have to perform critical decision-making that can be done efficiently through knowledge management. Using the case study and grounded theory design, selected LGUs in Tarlac, were interviewed. The resources availability both personnel and financial, prioritization of KM heavily influenced by the political leadership and need for an overarching national, long-term framework for KM were revealed. Though there are efforts both in the national and LGUs for knowledge acquisition for evidence- based decision making, these are disparate due to weak vertical and horizontal or inter-LGU coordination. With the mentioned issues, a knowledge co-creation framework for LGUs were developed highlighting the pivotal role of the academe and private sector involvement. Engagement of the stakeholders in the society as part of governance, where responsibility for the delivery of public services is shared to foster co-creation of knowledge is highly recommended.

Community Practices and LGU Policies on Covid: The Case of An IP Community in Southern Philippines Eden May Somodio Novel Corona Virus, known as COVID-19, is an infectious disease that has been posing a great threat worldwide and has caused obstructions to the lives of every local community, and IP communities were said to be the most vulnerable groups during the pandemic. Through Focused Group Discussion (FGD), Key Informant Interview (KII), and collating secondary data, this study looked upon the social construction of Covid-19 among the Tboli tribe in Brgy. Lemsnolon, T’boli, South Cotabato and how it influenced the policy making and strategic actions of the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU) in the midst of the pandemic. The result of the study implies that Covid-19 was believed to be just a term that capsulated common diseases and was also similar with the disease called “Des Ugu” that had infected the tribe in ancient time. Furthermore, their so-called “bulong Tboli” (the traditional use of herbal medicines taught by their elders) was still prevalent and commonly practiced by the community during pandemic, and was highly encouraged even by the Barangay Local Government Unit (BLGU) officials along with the implementation of Inter-Agency Task Force (IATF) guidelines and programs of the national government such as the vaccination campaign.

The Plight of Barangay Health Workers in the Partido District, Camarines Sur, Philippines: Through a Gender Lens Bernadette G. Gumba, PhD Partido State University The plight of the Barangay Health Workers (BHW) was examined from a gender lens using the Theory on Structural Dimensions of Patriarchy by Sofia Strid which claimed that women are located in subordinate positions by both structural discrimination and ideologies that legitimize that situation. The BHWs were all women. Majority were married, middle-aged, with relatively low educational attainment, had no other jobs before becoming a health worker, and belonged to a poor household. Many worked four times a month, covered one zone only, while a few covered the entire village. Majority rendered services of monitoring blood pressure, house to house visitation, deworming, and immunization. The women were paid poorly, way below the legal minimum wage. Additionally, some did not receive any increase in 20172019. The BHW Benefits and Incentives Act of 1995 was not complied with as the women had no hazard allowance, no subsistence allowance, no legal advice or assistance and no loan services. They were not aware of any program for education and career enrichment. They were not granted civil service eligibility

despite serving for more than five years. Majority had no documents that they were accredited as BHW. They lived and worked in the same barangay where many of them were born and grew up. If someone would know the history and culture of the community, that would be the BHW. This investigation posits that the dismal condition of BHWs may be attributed to women’s lack of participation and representation in decision-making and governance.

Leadership Style of the Security Officers of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas and Other Government Banks in Quezon Province: Basis for a Proposed Action Plan Roel L. Mayores Polytechnic University of the Philippines The study focused on the leadership style of the security officers of Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) and other government banks in Quezon province. In order to facilitate the study, the researcher used the descriptive research design. To systematically collect the necessary data needed in the study, the researcher devised and utilized a four-part structured type of questionnaire based on the sub-problems of the study. With the use of the total enumeration technique, the researcher examined the entire population which included the ninety-one (91) security guards assigned in BSP Lucena City branch and other government banks in Quezon province. The responses to the questionnaires were analyzed and interpreted in graphs and tables aided by the use of frequency count, percentage method, and weighted arithmetic mean. The outcome of the study concluded that most of the security guards belonged to the 31 years old to 40 years old age group with 39 or 43%; college level with 40 or 44%; and less than 10 years in service with 42 or 46%. Majority of them were males with 74 or 81%. The security guards perceived that their security officers manifested authoritarian leadership style with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.44. The respondents strongly agreed that the positive impact of the authoritarian leadership style allowed the fast decisions to be made with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.51 while they strongly agreed that the negative impact hampered the creative ability of the subordinates with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.45. The respondents strongly agreed that the positive impact of participative leadership lessen the resistance on the new policies with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.40 while they strongly agreed that the negative impact of the participative leadership style caused the resentment to some subordinates due to the perceptions that the other subordinates got more attention with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.31. The respondents strongly agreed that the positive impact of delegative leadership style allowed the leader to be strategic with their skills with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.44 while they strongly agreed that the negative impact of delegative leadership style failed to complete a task due to lack of guidance or feedback from the leader with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.37. The unfairness of the security officers was the very serious problem encountered by the selected bank security guards with weighted arithmetic mean of 4.36.

PANEL 6: PUBLIC SERVICE DELIVERY (2) _________________________________________________ Employee Silence: A Systematic Review of its Social Dimensions Rowell P. Nitafan Southern Mindanao Employee silence is an important construct in understanding organizational dynamics. The research is a systematic literature review that aimed to address the evidence gap on the underlying forms of employee silence. The analysis is grounded on the works of Morrison & Milliken (2000), Pinder and Harlos (2001), Van Dyne et al. (2003), and Greenberg, Brinsfield, and Edwards (2007), Knoll and van Dick (2012), and Brinsfield (2013) which the author considered as the forerunners in employee silence research. The paper reviewed that employee silence was viewed as a multifaceted construct opposite to what was initially conceptualized as a simple and singular idea. Further, understanding employee’s motive or reason has helped researchers in the last decades to draw its forms which ranged from employee’s fear or resignation to their deep-rooted altruistic character.

Experiences, Procedures Observed, and Best Practices of Personnel of Public Attorney’s Offices in the Post -Normal: A Praxis of Good Governance Haran S. Abdulkarim Rowell P. Nitafan University of Southern Mindanao The research was a qualitative study that employed a case study design. It probed how governance was described in a Public Attorney’s Office during the pandemic. It uncovered the experiences of the staff and attorneys of the Public Attorney’s Office (PAOs) of Kabacan and Kidapawan City, Cotabato. Through the face-to-face interview with the participants, it was divulged that they observed virtual work practices, more difficult workload, fear of the COVID-19, constrained in-person client communication, frontline services, and minimum COVID-19 health protocols during the pandemic. Secondly, it was revealed that the procedures they followed at work during the crisis include observance of online communication, distanced transaction, quality management strategies, and provision of online services during the pandemic. Lastly, it was shared that some of the best practices they rendered in the post-normal include being prompt and efficient in delivering legal services, implementation of the COVID- 19 health protocols, and being client friendly. At the end of the study, it was determined that the work life of the personnel in a Public Attorney’s Office during the pandemic was difficult, yet they chose to stay diligent and always committed to public service despite the perils that the dreadful virus may bring to their life.

Integration of Pandemic Management in the Policy Implementation of Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB) Caraga Region Jhorgene P. Paronia Caraga State University The general objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of the disaster management of the LTFRB office Caraga Region on the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on its employees. The study employed a sequential mixed method design type of research. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was designed to improve the survey questionnaire and was conducted on 53 employees. The study also utilized Percentage and Frequency statistical methods in determining the percentage and frequency of the challenges and issues encountered by the LTFRB employees at the height of the COVID -19 pandemic. Findings reveal that the existing mechanisms of the LTFRB Caraga Region are effective but insufficient. In the challenges and issues, 70% of the respondents had experienced financial problems, while 46% agreed that the LTFRB- Caraga Region's current mechanisms are just ‘implemented.’ It is contrary to the fact that 96% of the respondents agreed on the presence of current mechanisms regarding disaster management. Therefore, salient elements of the existing mechanisms of the office need to be improved and integrated with its policy implementation. Financial challenges, implementation of disaster management, and the lack of information dissemination relative to the pandemic and disaster management are considered necessary for further improvement.

Employee Development Engagement and Grit: Insights for Job Performance Efficiency Enhancement Pearlie M. Unating Capiz State University Employee development and grit are considered to be significant as tools for improving and attaining employees’ job efficiency within the institution or organization. This study determined the level of employee development engagement and grit of Capiz State University non-teaching career service personnel and their insights for job performance efficiency enhancement. The result indicated that both the level of employee development engagement and level of grit was very high. No significant differences

found on both employee development and level of grit when the respondents were grouped according to age, gender, civil status, position, highest educational attainment, length of service, and number of workrelated trainings. However, significant relationship was established between the level of grit when grouped according to age. For the insights, it is significant to provide attainable opportunities for ongoing development, it is substantial to design a comprehensive on-boarding program that focuses on their immediate improvements of the employees such as mastering their roles and responsibilities, the availability of training and growth opportunities.

Examining the Variegated Performance of Vaccination Rollout in ASEAN: A Comparative Perspective Kristoffer B. Berse Lianne Angelico C. Depante Patricia B. Reyes Micaela Angela M. Nazal Jean Mariel M. Rañises Kirsten Lianne Mae C. Dedase Giselle Louise R. Lapid University of the Philippines Resilience Institute Vaccination is considered to be the most effective pathway in dealing with and recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic. Even with the recent stabilization of vaccine supplies, the performances of ASEAN member-states (AMS) with their respective inoculation programs have been notably uneven, with some countries exceeding their vaccination targets and others covering measly half of the entire eligible population. What, thus, accounts for this variegated performance? This secondary research attempts to investigate this variation amongst six major ASEAN countries, comparing and analyzing various AMS vaccination drives, from the selection to procurement to the administration of vaccines, as well as the issues and challenges faced by the authorities. Preliminary results of this work suggest that certain cultural, political, and administrative features of the case countries have played an impeding role in the process. By contrast, successful countries were able to circumvent their maladies through inclusive governance and purposeful leadership and crisis communication. To conclude, this paper proffers policy recommendations by drawing out lessons and insights devised from the comparative analysis and successful cases in the region.

PANEL 7: PUBLIC SERVICE IN TIMES OF CRISIS (2) _________________________________________________ Disaster Reduction and Emergency Assistance of Medellin (Dream) Three-Component Framework: An LGU Resilience Exposé Jay Jumar R. Bacunawa, LPT, MSBA Cebu Normal University The public is now in the era of performance, all Local Government Units (LGUs) count in this journey. The passing of Provincial Ordinance No. 2013-03 established the Our Sustainable Cebu Program and the scaled-up version of the Department of the Interior and Local Government’s (DILG’S) Seal of Good Local Governance (SGLG) in 2014 urged for good governance. One must show efficiency and effectiveness not only through infrastructure and business, but also on disaster preparedness. This paper is another take on DILG’s program on enhancing Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) capacity by looking into the different governing statutes on DRR management through a qualitative approach of investigation heading to crafting a model of DRR initiatives of the study’s environment. Results showed that, there is a number of LGU which belongs to Needing Improvement Category on DRRM efforts (PDDRMO, 2015-2017) which implied more enhanced work to reduce exposure and vulnerability at all levels. The Disaster Reduction

and Emergency Assistance of Medellin (DREAM) Three-Component Framework Model as benchmarked on the best practices of the Most Resilient LGU of 2018 is hereby recommended for adoption.

Institutional Capacity Framework for Disaster Resiliency of the Flood Susceptible Barangays\ of Iligan City Melody Amor S. Nicolas World Vision Philippines Foundation Daisy T. Besing University of Southeastern Philippines This study assessed the institutional capacities of the three barangays in Iligan City, Philippines, in terms of disaster risk reduction management, focusing on the four disaster cycles of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery in the event of a disaster brought on by flooding, as well as the roles of various institutions in addressing community resiliency. The study employed the descriptive-evaluative research design and primary information was acquired through questionnaires, interviews, and focused group discussions. The results show that the community’s flood susceptibility for Barangay Santiago in terms of affected population is about 91.98% out of 8102 populations. Sta Filomena is 98.84% out of 12,203 populations, while Hinaplanon is 80.18% out of 5,304 populations. In terms of the community’s level of knowledge in disaster preparedness, the four DRRM cycle shows that it is very low and their level of disaster management practices were outstanding, but for mitigation, response, and recovery were low. The study revealed that upscaling of equipment for better disaster response and disaster assistance, strengthening cooperation and participation from different stakeholders, drafting of DRRM plan, and strengthening information and education campaigns are the proposed institutional capacity framework. Further, capacitation of local institutions and the development of early warning systems.

The Level of Family Vulnerabilities in their Individual Life Cycle and Economic Risks Among Residents of Don Carlos, Bukidnon: Basis for Mainstreaming Local Social Protection Plan Cherry Mae B. Icat This paper looked into identifying the level of family vulnerabilities and their coping mechanism strategies when faced with Individual Life Cycle and Economic Risks among residents of Don Carlos, Bukidnon. This study is anchored on the Vulnerability Theory of Martha Fineman (2008) which states that the human condition is understood as one of universal and constant vulnerability which is countered by the resilience that we can build and draw upon. Moreover, this study found that the level of vulnerability of families in their individual life cycle and economic risks were relatively vulnerable. The study also revealed that there are events that greatly affect the family; for individual life, cycle risks are in situations that are concerned with health-related problems. Further, for economic risks, the event that greatly impacts families is their experience of monetary problems and unemployment. This means that though families are relatively vulnerable, they still need assistance to lessen the impact because it could change their life status, especially if they are identified as poor families. Thus, this provides directions for mainstreaming a recommended comprehensive Local Social Protection Plan and to prioritize in the crafting of the Local Development Planning.

Effectiveness of Information Operation on Anti-Illegal Drugs Campaign of Cotabato City Police Office (CCPO) in Cotabato City Al-Shariff S. Hadjinor Cotabato City Police Office, Maguindanao Saidamin P. Bagolong Cotabato State University The study evaluated the effectiveness of Information Operation (IO) on Anti-illegal Drugs Campaigned by Cotabato City Police Office (CCPO) in public safety and security using the descriptive-correlational research design to the randomly select 100 respondents. The study used mean and Pearson r Product Moment Correlation to analyze the data. The major findings revealed that the extent of Information Operation on Anti-illegal Drugs Campaign in Cotabato City Police Office (CCPO) in terms of Oplan Tokhang, Drug Buy-Bust Operation, and investigation activities was moderately implemented. The Information Operation on Anti-illegal drugs campaign's effectiveness in neutralizing illegal drug personalities, reintegration programs, mobilizing support, and inspiring people to act against drug use was moderately effective. The correlation analysis between the Information Operation on Anti-illegal Drugs Campaign of Cotabato City Police Office (CCPO) and its effectiveness in public safety and security revealed a significant relationship. This means that the null hypothesis is rejected. The study concludes that the Cotabato City Police Office (CCPO) had effectively implemented the Information Operation (IO) on the Anti-illegal Drugs Campaign to promote public safety and security.

Road Condition Assessment Survey of the Department of Public Works and Highways – Cotabato City District Engineering Office Asyah A. Abdulhamed Department of Public Works and Highways MHD Faheem M. Aliuden Cotabato State University This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of roles and responsibilities of road and bridge information application in the Department of Public Works and Highways in Cotabato City and its objective in improving the efficiency and performance of the agency and effective implementation and sustainability of the system. The descriptive-evaluative research design used survey questionnaires administered to 90 respondents. The findings revealed that the roles and responsibilities of Road and Bridge Information Application (RBIA) in terms of physical changes were highly implemented, in terms of visual condition survey, quality assurance, and production information and reports were slightly implemented, and in terms of maintaining the integrity of data and liaison with district survey was somewhat implemented. The level of attainment of Road and Bridge Information Application (RBIA) objectives in terms of effective implementation and sustainability of the system was highly attained, and in terms of improving the efficiency and performance of DPWH was slightly achieved. Thus, to improve the efficiency and performance of DPWH, there’s a need to implement the procedures and applications to the best of its technical knowledge and abilities.

PANEL 8: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TOWARDS SDGs (2) _________________________________________________ Citizen participation during the pandemic: the cases of urban communities in Quezon City, Philippines and Wuhan, China

Jan Robert R Go, PhD University of the Philippines Diliman The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic made governance more challenging. On the one hand, there are already existing concerns about the effectiveness and efficiency of the governance framework. On the other hand, governments tended to be more centralising than ever, limiting the areas for participative governance. For this study, I argue that the avenues for citizen participation have been altered, positively or otherwise, during the pandemic. To support this, I look at the cases of two urban communities that experienced the pandemic's effects: one in Quezon City, Philippines and another in Wuhan, China. From the residents' experiences in the urban communities, it was clear that the context demanded a different way of managing participatory governance. Community leaders tended to be more top-down in their approach. However, the two cases diverge in their specific strategies. Considering the different political systems in the two cases, the findings are striking. The Quezon City community centralised governance to the officials and did not have innovative plans to involve the citizens in combating the pandemic challenges. Meanwhile, the Wuhan community established a new volunteer corps from among the healthy residents to assist in delivering the services to the different neighbourhoods.

Performance of the Sangguniang Kabataan in Malaybalay City as Mandated by the Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015 Dante A. Damit, MPA Bukidnon State University This study ascertained the level of performance of the Sangguniang Kabataan in Malaybalay City on their mandated duties and functions provided by R.A. 10742, also known as the Sangguniang Kabataan Reform Act of 2015. It also identified the challenges encountered by the SK in the discharge of their duties and functions. It further sought possible interventions to enhance the performance of the Sangguniang Kabataan in Malaybalay City. The descriptive-quantitative method of research using the survey questionnaire as the data gathering tool was used. Interview and observation were also employed. SK officials, chairpersons, councilors, secretaries, and treasurers were the participants. Sangguniang Kabataan's performance levels in Malaybalay City on their mandated duties and functions are “very satisfactory,” from planning to other mandated duties and functions. The SK also considered inadequate knowledge and skills, limited youth participation, limited participation of the SK officials, restrictions brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, and limited resources as the challenges encountered.

Investment Opportunities Through Mengal Festival Ma. Rita A. Reario, DPA Nicanor D. Baquiran, Ph.D. Isabela State University Main Campus This paper dwells on the perceived economic benefits of conducting Mengal Festival in a 1st class town like the Municipality of Echague. The respondents of this study were the local businessmen. They were selected through cluster sampling. The researcher employed a descriptive method in analyzing the data. Data obtained from the respondents were analyzed using frequency, percentage and weighted mean.

Moreover, an adapted survey questionnaire was utilized in this research. Results of the study revealed that most respondents moderately agreed that the festival brought economic opportunities for the business owners of the municipality. They claimed that the festival seemed to have led to an increase in the economic activity of the municipality such as the expansion and improvement of local products and services which help generate more income for the locals.

Business Owners’ Satisfaction in Processing Business Permits in Echague, Isabela Ma. Rita A. Reario, DPA Nicanor D. Baquiran, Ph.D. Isabela State University Main Campus This study endeavored to assess base on business owners’ perspective the business permit and licensing processing the municipality of Echague. The respondents for this descriptive study were chosen based on the number of active business enterprises that were registered in 2021. Six barangays were chosen from a total of 64 in Echague, Isabela, and a total of 125 respondents were questioned. A survey questionnaire was utilized to gather the data which was adopted from the Business Permits and Licensing System (BPLS) 2017 Customer Experience Survey (Renewal of Mayor’s/Business Permit) of the National Competitiveness Council of the Philippines and the Department of Trade and Industry. The BPLO of the Municipality of Echague received a positive review from the business owners. This demonstrates the excellent caliber of service provided by BPLO of Echague for business applications in terms of services provided and client satisfaction.

Tricycle Fare Price in Municipality of Concepcion: A Commuters’ Perspective Edwin T. Caoleng Roswald G. Fermin Tarlac State University Motorized tricycles are a type of Philippine motor vehicle that consists of a motorbike attached to a passenger cab. It is one of the most frequent modes of public or private transportation in the country, especially in rural regions. This public utility vehicle, like jeepneys, follow a predetermined route or are for hire. A fare is charge for every passenger. The fare structure is the system in place to decide how much passengers pays for the distance travelled. Fares are crucial to sustain operations. Thus, this study investigated the tricycle fares in the Municipality of Concepcion based on commuters’ perspective along with the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of age, gender, socio-economic status, experiences, problems, recommendations, and the implications of the study to Public Administration. This study used the phenomenological qualitative research which utilized discussions and narrative discourses of respondents’ experiences. Findings revealed that the Tricycle fare involved irregularities causing conflicts and most of the time overcharging occurs. It was suggested that a standard fare matrix must be imposed for the benefit of the commuters and the drivers as well.

PANEL 9: ROLE AND IMPORTANCE OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION _________________________________________________ The Status, Challenges, and Prospects of the Implementation of Political and SocioEconomic Tracks of the Comprehensive Agreement on Bangsamoro: A Basis for Implementation Mechanism Intervention Arsalan A. Diamaoden, MAIS, Ph.D, DPhil, DLitt, DMinEd, DPA, H.C, FOPd Bangsamoro Sports Comission Province of Lanao del Sur and Marawi City

The Comprehensive Agreement on the Bangsamoro (CAB), a recognition of the justness and legality of the Bangsamoro people's cause, and their desire to chart their political destiny altogether, is a result of our long struggle for self-determination. Hence, the implementation of RA 11054 symbolizes victory for us Bangsamoro Muslims. This study aimed to determine the the status, challenges, and prospects of the implementation of political and socio- economic tracks of the CAB as faced by the transition Authority. The end result of this study is to provide insights for BARMM law policy-making, Ministries, Local government units, and stakeholders beneficial to implementation mechanism intervention. Using exploratory research design particularly Historical Qualitative research design to gather data in the contiguous territories within the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindanao (Marawi City, Cotabato City, Lamitan City, Basilan, Jolo, Sulu amd Bongao, Tawi-Tawi), the study has shown that the socio-economic status of CAB implementation is characterized by installation of bureaucracy, bloom of livelihood and development initiatives, notable support to indigenous people, and fair socio-economic response to decommissioned combatants. Seven priority legislations BARMM pushes to which only the Education Code, Administrative Code, and the Civil Service Code were passed. Challenges confronting the CAB implementation include delayed and unfelt implementation and lack of inclusivity of the implementation for socio-economic aspect while the persistent presence of traditional politicians, skepticism in the commitment between the national government and the BARMM leaders, and political affiliation in political aspect. Nevertheless, the block grant provided by the government is sufficient to run the Bangsamoro government to deliver its socio-economic and political mandates toward the Bangsamoro people. The CAB is is also prospected to be beginning of the long and yet winding road to peace rather than the end of journey to peace. Politically, the establishment of a ministerial form of government itself is milestone success to the region as normalization paved way to supplying socio-economic support, deploying peacekeeping teams to boost conflict mitigation efforts and disbanding private militias. The possible intervention mechanism to be adopted in order to carry a successful implementation of the CAB is the need for orientation of the government people of the BARMM that will help them in the desired success of the Bangsamoro principle and ideals. It is thus recommended that the government of today need to have a transparency on what is happening from the top to the bottom-line issue in the BARMM Region. It should walk its mantra ‘Bangsamoro Moral Governance’.

Search for a new political-governance model in Southeast Asia: Democratic decline, resurgence of populism and retreat from globalization Dr. Teodoro Lloydon C. Bautista, DPA Janine Irish Marryza G. Bragais

Democracy in Southeast Asia is besieged by geopolitical, economic, technological, and socio-cultural forces. The representative and liberal democratic models from the West lost its appeal through the decades of decline as Southeast Asian economies were engulfed by globalization that created deep social fissures and wide divides in wealth. There is a confluence of events that spiralled out of control and delegitimized democratic institutions as effective engines of private wealth and equitable dispensers of public goods. The sequence of economic crisis, political unrests, and geopolitical tensions in the region as well as China’s assertive claims in South China Sea had resulted to the waning trust in democracy among Asian people. The Covid-19 pandemic only accelerated the natural tailspin of democracy and saw the rise of populist leaders. There are five manmade and natural trends in Southeast Asia for the past two decades that resulted to the decline of democratic ethos and thus, the life of democracy now hangs in a balance. First, globalization indeed exacerbated the widening gap between the wealthy, technology savvy, and innovative people and the poor, less technological adaptable, and risk-averse ones. Globalization is the unwitting culprit in mass poverty, hunger and unemployment in many parts of Asia. Second, the neoliberal market model and private sector driven growth dislocated many people from their homes, jobs and communities, creating spiraling inflation, massive environmental damage, and social and racial

tensions. Third, Southeast Asia is at the dead center of extreme weather changes and climate change, causing massive flooding, forest fires, storm surges, pestilence, and pandemics. Fourth, China’s claims to the nine-dash line had instigated an arms race in the region, disrupting peace and stability and intensifying competing claims among Southeast Asian countries. And finally, the burgeoning food security crisis has resulted to the disruption of global supply chain, reduction of agro-productivity aggravated by the protracted war in Ukraine and scarcity of water supply and arable lands. These trajectories sparked the upsurge of populism among Southeast Asian people as they expressed their frustration and exhaustion with the inability of the current democratic models to solve public problem. Powerful, strong and populist autocrats who promised dramatic reforms from bread and butter to law and order were eventually voted to office from Jokowi Widodo in Indonesia to President Rodrigo Duterte in the Philippines. Furthermore, the region has started to look inward in reviving their economies and decouple from the West by cozying up with China as the new global economic superpower.

An Assessment of “Kabalikat sa Kabuhayan” Program on Farmers in Davao City Gene Anthony Sarol Salazar, MPA Davao del Sur State College This study, aimed to develop an enhancement program metrics framework. The study used descriptivecomparative research design. An online survey questionnaire consisting of 30 items was used to collect data from 72 recipient farmers of the program in Davao City. Mean and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were the statistical tools used in the study. The results of the study revealed that the level of implementation of “Kabalikat sa Kabuhayan” Program was high in terms of attainment of program objectives, participation of agencies, and capacity building. The study found out that there is no significant difference in the level of implementation when group according to socio-demographic profile. Lastly, the enhancement program metrics framework is called “Kabuhayang Angat Sa Pilipinas” Program. The enhancement program metrics framework consists of five Key Result Areas namely: Training and Course Management, Financial Literacy and Management, Entrepreneurship and Capacity Building Seminar, Basic Business Plan and Proposal Techniques, and Learning Integration and Immersion.

Responsiveness of Internal Audit Services in the Local Government Units of Capiz Towards Good Governance Shaira Marie V. Bedio Capiz State University Over the years, internal auditing had been recognized as an important tool of government financial management in enhancing transparency and accountability, effectiveness and efficiency of government operations. The study ascertained the level of responsiveness of the Internal Audit Services (IAS) in the Local Government Units (LGUs) of Capiz and the level of challenges encountered in terms of implementation, resources, qualification, and training and development. The descriptive-correlational research design employing quantitative and qualitative methods were used. The respondents were the individuals associated with the IAS of the LGUs’ accounting, budget, and treasury departments of Capiz. The data were gathered using a researcher-made questionnaire through Google Forms for the respondents and an interview guide for the informants. The statistical tools used to analyze the data were mean, frequency, rank, and percentage. For inferential analysis, the t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis were used. When all of the respondents were taken as a whole group, their grand mean score on their level of responsiveness of the IAS operation in the LGUs implied that they were moderately responsive. On the level of challenges encountered by the IAS in the LGUs when taken as a whole, it is implied that the LGUs were moderately challenged. Moreover, statistics showed that the implementation, Internal Audit Services (IAS) qualification, and training and education did not

act as significant predictors of their level of responsiveness towards IAS. However, the results further implied that resources did act as a significant predictor of their level of responsiveness.

Clientelism as Constraint to Co-production in the Philippines 2.0 Jan Antoni A. Credo Silliman University While co-production holds virtues that have proven to ameliorate public service delivery in many studies, unique and dominant features and patterns in Philippine local politics appear to constrain and hinder it. The paper examines co-production and offers several hypotheses as to how the enduring feature of clientelism in local Philippine politics impedes with the transformational character of coproduction.

PANEL 10: INNOVATIONS IN TEACHING PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION DURING AND BEYOND COVID-19 _________________________________________________ Coping With E – Learning During the Covid 19 Pandemic: The Case of Public Administration Program in Southern Luzon State University Richard M. Veluz Cryzelle P. Fabula Ahlyzzandrei Mae N. Ravalo Southern Luzon State University On March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic; this health emergency caught the world by surprise. It seems that no government is aptly prepared to deal with such enormous problem that encompasses every aspect of peoples’ lives, sector of education included. Hence, a study relative to the delivery of education, when in-person classes is not permitted because of government policies on dealing with the pandemic, is timely to be able to pinpoint what necessary remedial measures is needed. This study assessed the level of satisfaction of Public Administration students to the e-learning modality, the challenges they have encountered, and the differences in their responses according to their demographic profile. The indicators used in the study is from the Students’ satisfaction level model by Kranzow (2013). Data revealed that generally the students are very satisfied with the conduct of on-line classes, however they are only satisfied with regards to the consultation time given to students and giving feedback relative to their submitted outputs. Unstable internet connectivity, disruptive noise, and conflict with home responsibilities is the top three challenges encountered by students when having on-line classes. Responses significantly differs only with regards to sex. These findings shall greatly help the university administrators and the members of the faculty to recalibrate their learning continuity plan and their flexible learning modality.

Effectiveness of Advocacy Extension Services of the University of Northern Philippines Florida U. Ursulom, DPA Madeline A. Lopez, MPA University of Northern Philippines The College of Public Administration specializes on extending advocacy services on governance, peace, and preservation of cultural values. It partners with other colleges or institutions for extension of skills or livelihood trainings. Generally, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of college’s advocacy extension services program in Alangan, Magsingal, Ilocos Sur as perceived by the respondents.

Specifically, it determined the level of administrative capability of the college on extension services, its extent of implementation as well as its effectiveness. Descriptive method of research was used composing all the barangay officials, organization officers, and some residents as respondents with convenience sampling, questionnaire, interview, documentation, and Mean to analyze the data. Findings reveal that the college has a high level of administrative capability in terms of leadership, financial, and personnel capability on its advocacy extension services, high level of implementing its advocacy extension services and found highly effective. The findings prove that the delivery of the advocacy extension services is only high where there is still pace to improve it. It was limited by the lack of decisiveness skill of the college; lack of ability to source out funds for better extension service; imperfect presence of the target lecturer/trainer/developer on his/her assigned schedule to speak; laziness, not conscientious and not responsible attitudes of the residents; non-existence of a programme and streamer for the extension services; rare dissemination of research results particularly on culture, and rare gift-giving. On the other hand, the college has developed the LGU Alangan along socio-culture and governance.

Integration of Mental Health in Primary Care: Insights for Enhanced Program Delivery Alma Teresa U. Feliciano Capiz State University The integration of mental health in the primary care was considered one of the best strategies to address the increasing incidence of mental health disorders. This study determined the level of mental health integration in the primary care in the province of Capiz and the level of challenges of primary health workers in the process of integration in terms of knowledge, skills, and health system constraints encountered. A total of 381 primary health workers was included in the survey using a validated and reliability tested researcher-made questionnaire. The results revealed that the level of mental health integration in the province of Capiz based on primary health practice was only slightly integrated. Primary health workers were highly challenged in the process of integration in terms of their knowledge and skills, which therefore needs enhancement. They were also highly challenged by the health system constraints encountered in the different areas of the current health system, which necessitates support from the Local Government Unit (LGU). There was a significant difference in the level of mental health integration and challenges of primary health worker respondents when grouped according to profile. Moreover, the level of challenges of primary health workers in terms of their knowledge, skills, and health system constraints encountered did not significantly affect the level of mental health integration.

Evaluation of the Department of Education’s Indigenous Peoples Education (IPEd) Program Fritzie Ivy D. Jara Department of Education – Davao City Daisy T. Besing University of Southeastern Philippines This study employed descriptive-evaluative research design and conventional phenomenology inquiry research design to evaluate the Indigenous People’s Education Program's implementation of the selected elementary schools in Davao City. The results show that 92% of schools have IP students and residents of Marilog District, Davao City. From 2018 to 2020, a total 1,721 teachers were trained in IPEd. In terms of the program's implementation status, the curriculum follows a spiral progression and is primarily focused on the building of learners' values. Schools strictly adhere to IP community activities that are considered sacred. With the permission of the IP leader, indigenous knowledge is used in teaching and learning. In

terms of language of instruction, some schools have discovered that mother tongue-based multilingual education, notably Sinibuanong Binisaya, is not appropriate. Collaboration between the IP elders and the teachers during classroom assessment revealed improvement in the teaching and learning process. Performance indicators were computed at the school level, which revealed improvements excluding the school years under the pandemic. Thus, it is recommended that the use of local language, budget allocation and utilization, and the possibility of enhancing the information system of the department to easily generate IP learner data for further studies are highlighted in this study.

Probability Study of Adopting Uniform Alternative Dispute Resolution Mehcanism for Intellectual Property Offices in the Asean Region: Readiness of the Philippines Merlyn Nachor-Casongsong National College of Public Administration and Governance University of the Philippines This paper aims to map the current ADR mechanism used by two ASEAN regions (Thailand and Taiwan) and compare it to the ADR mechanism used by the Intellectual Property Office of the Philippines (IPOPHL). Resolving intellectual property disputes is technically difficult, resourcedraining, adversarial, and time-consuming. Alternative Dispute Resolution provides options that can lessen the complexity and expenses, typically because, unlike public court litigation, ADR proceedings can commence immediately (i.e., there is no full docket of cases competing for the adjudicator's attention). This paper will specifically focus on the growth and development of Mediation tailored to deal with IP disputes. Then, examine each region's best practices to determine the success of Mediation. The findings will be based on available data and literature. Furthermore, one must be able to protect one's intellectual property while also dealing with the challenges that businesses face. If an alternative dispute mechanism were available for intellectual property holders to use to get the quickest resolution possible to their IP disputes, it would lead to economic growth, job creation, and the development of stable and prosperous communities. This study also looks at SDGs 9 and 13, which encourage innovative practices, the building of infrastructure that can stand up to damage, and industrialization that is both fair and good for the environment. The researcher employs a qualitative methodology involving multiple data collection techniques, including interviews with practicing intellectual property attorneys, business owners, IP registrants and applicants, mediators, and arbitrators. To ensure a contextual understanding of Alternative Dispute Resolution, data such as enabling policies and the agency's related rules and regulations were gathered and analyzed. The collected data was analyzed using policy tools. The researcher establishes the importance of protecting intellectual property rights even without resorting to tedious litigation by giving the stakeholders and intellectual property rights owners a better option to achieve speedy resolution of intellectual property disputes and points out the other benefits of Mediation and Arbitration. The researcher highlights the usefulness and significance for a society of ADR as an alternative means to the traditional way of resolving disputes: litigation before all judicial, quasijudicial, or administrative bodies. Compared to traditional court litigation, ADR is generally less formal, less stressful, much cheaper, faster, and more flexible and can lead to the immediate settlement of the case.

PANEL 11: ROLE OF THE LGU AND ACADEME IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION _________________________________________________ Assessment of the Competency of Barangay Officials in Municipality of Concepcion, Tarlac Patricia Ann D. Estrada Izelle C. Francisco Jerich Ralph S. Lobo Tarlac State University The barangay is the primary planning and executing unit of the community for government policies, strategies, services, initiatives, and events; and a forum for the collective views of the people to be shared, crystallized, and considered for disputes to be resolved amicably (Boysillo, 2017). The study assesses the competency of Barangay Officials in the Municipality of Concepcion. Specifically, it sought to evaluate their competency along with planning, meeting facilitation, monitoring and evaluation, reporting, passing a resolution, and committee management. This also determined the problems encountered by the barangay’s officials, to wit measures to improve such problems were proposed to improve the barangay officials' competency. The quantitative descriptive evaluative research was used to determine the barangay officials' competency needs. Furthermore, they find a similar conducive problem in tracking and focusing on the activities they set on the plan by aimlessly not documenting and gathering evidence throughout the conduct of the monitoring and evaluation phase of their plans. Lastly, the data gathered shows that some barangay officials are not well versed in their duties as mandated by the Local Government Code of 1991 and other pertinent statutes.

Good Local Governance, Better Covid-19 Response Satisfaction? The Mediating Influence of Resiliency in the Philippine Municipalities Mark Bon G. Basadre Father Saturnino Urios University Various literature from classical to modern public administration supports the importance and advantages of good governance for better service delivery in the community and its people –to whom public administration is concerned. Hence, to provide further empirical evidence, especially in line with crisis response to Covid-19, this study aims to find out whether good local governance has influenced Covid-19 response satisfaction and whether resiliency mediates its influence. A mediation analysis was conducted to describe the relationship between the aforementioned variables using 3,000 household responses from the twenty municipalities selected by the Department of Interior and Local Government of the Philippines for the 2021 Citizen Satisfaction Index System (CSIS) survey, which the selection may represent each administrative region in the Philippines, except the NCR. The CSIS data was used along with the latest Seal of Good Local Governance rating and the 2021 City Municipality Competitiveness Index (CMCI) of the Department of Trade and Industry, specifically on the resiliency index. With the results, the study concludes that municipalities' good local governance positively influences their Covid-19 response satisfaction and the influence is also mediated by their resiliency.

Dilemma and Decision Space: The (Un)Collective Action of Malabon LGU in Health Promotion Implementation in the New Normal Reiou Regie Manuel University of the Philippines Diliman – National College of Public Administration and Governance

The Universal Health Care Act recognizes the importance of health promotion in the effective implementation of devolved health programs and policy coordination across governmental instrumentalities. After the onslaught of COVID-19, the “New Normal” paves the way for the fullswing institutionalization of the Health Promotion Unit under DOH-MMCHD and LGU health promotion units. However, horizontal and vertical ICA dilemmas serve as barriers in the proper enactment of health promotions. Data for the analysis were obtained from DOH-MMCHD and LGU records, health promotion- related laws and policies, and semi-structured interviews with key technical and political actors. ICA dilemmas were identified in the implementation of health promotion such as opportunism hazards, action incoherence, defection and unfair division of duties, lack of contracts, non-execution of policies, informal implementation of plans, lack of suitable monitoring tool, hidden information on duties and responsibilities, and enforcement costs such as financial, political, and resource constraints. Institutional Collective Action Framework and Bossert’s Decision Space Approach were used to resolve ICA dilemmas by empowering DOH-MMCHD through the enforcement of accountability mechanisms and supervisory interventions, and by maximizing decision space through procedural policy instruments such as health promotion ordinances, creation of HEPO units, capacitating HEPOs and BHWs, education and information provision to key technical and political actors, institutional reformation of duties and responsibilities of HEPOs and BHWs, formation and proper execution of local health promotion committee and local health board, and optimization of LGU autonomy to advance health promotion.

Capiz State University Stakeholders’ Satisfaction Index: Insights for Quality Service Delivery Enhancement Maria Lourdes M. Bernales Capiz State University The research determined the level of stakeholder’s satisfaction on the dimensions of quality service delivery enhancement. It covered the stakeholder’s satisfaction as to reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy, and responsiveness. The results highlighted that the stakeholders’ satisfaction on service quality dimensions was higher than service quality standard, especially in assurance and empathy, while above minimum standard for reliability and responsiveness, and less comparable for tangibility. The research claimed high manifestations of service quality as to assurance by personnel’s friendliness, familiarity with tasks, updated documents and information, availability of resources, courteous, promptly fulfilled promised services and made stakeholders at ease and secure. The results scored a high stakeholders’ satisfaction on reliability dimensions of service quality, records and data were accurate, safely kept, available anytime and personnel gave clear information and alternative solutions to problems. Findings on stakeholders' satisfaction on responsiveness was above average except on clients’ insecurity where the need to listen to clients’ needs, prompt service, courteous enough and arranged time for clients to get the documents. The results on tangibility service quality was high, while average for empathy. Moreover, there was a significant variation between the levels of respondents’ satisfaction and reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy but in terms of tangibles, insignificant difference was evident. Whereas, there was a significant difference on the level of stakeholders’ satisfaction and dimensions of service quality when grouped according to campus, significant differences existed on reliability, responsiveness, tangibles and empathy, while in terms of assurance, students’ satisfaction were similar.

PANEL 12: GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT _________________________________________________ Participation of Women Beneficiaries in Kalahi-CIDSS Program Towards Empowerment Dr. Jhona D. Landong Bukidnon State University –Talakag Satellite Campus Sulpecia L. Ponce, PhD Mindanao State University –Iligan Institute of Technology Utilizing a descriptive qualitative design involving thirty Higaonon and Bisaya informants selected purposively, this study focuses on the role of women in implementing community- driven development program. Findings of this study reveal that in terms of traditional roles, both Higaonon and Bisaya women performed dual roles, being a housewife and a mother to their families prior to the introduction of Kalahi-CIDSS in their communities. The Bisaya informants were more proactive in the program planning and implementation, especially in their participation in the paid labor compared to the Higaonon informants. The different implementation arrangements in the project implementation introduced in both communities was the reason for this disparity. However, the Kalahi-CIDSS program has produced some economic, social and environmental effects on the lives of these women. On the economic side, the program provided income to women involved in paid labor. Under the social dimension, the capability building extended to the program beneficiaries has improved their skills, knowledge, and attitudes with respect to program cycles. When it comes to environmental contribution, the program mechanism of having an Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) had enriched their awareness that the project construction should not adversely affect people and the environment.

Career Growth Experiences of Working Mothers: Framework for Policy Summer Gail C. Padeo Gretchen Gaye C. Ablaza, PhD College of Public Administration and Governance Benguet State University Women are bounded by a social role in procreation. Inevitably, more and more women embrace the duality of being the homemaker and breadwinner. This study looked into the experiences of working mothers who are working as law enforcement officers. It is a qualitative study that was able to reveal their specific values that determine career growth, their struggles and their efforts in career development. Further, it looked into how working mothers strategize and remediate the work-life balance conflicts they encounter with themselves and with the management or the organization. The indepth interviews with the participants of the study discovered the challenges that working mothers encounter in their career endeavors which are: organizational behavior challenges, work-life imbalance, health problems and underrepresentation. It revealed that although a public service career is an advantage to working mothers, the career development opportunities and succession of working mothers are limited and remained slow-paced. The results of the study will be an organizational challenge to promote gender equality for a healthier working environment for working mothers aspiring to join law enforcement.

Work-life Balance of Working Mothers: A Guide towards a Rewarding Career Candy P. Bentrez, MPA Gretchen Gaye C. Ablaza, PhD

College of Public Administration and Governance Benguet State University Multi-tasking is the new phenomenon for many mothers at present time. This is entirely true in many civilized societies in the world. Women are not just confined to homes and perform house chores, instead they are involved in many industries contributing to the labor force and economic growth of their nation. This study aimed to explore the experiences of mothers working as fire officers assigned in Baguio City. It also aimed to understand the challenges and coping strategies of mothers working as fire officers in order to meet the demands of their family and work. The study was conducted in the City of Baguio. Qualitative method specifically case study design was utilized. Data saturation was reached after in depth interview were conducted to eight participants. Results showed that the experiences of mothers working as fire officers are categorized into two themes which include empowered employees and absentee parents. The challenge of mothers is the unbalanced distribution of their time to family and work demands. The coping strategies that they employed to meet the demands of their family and work are time management, open communication, working smart, seeking husband’s support, and working with love.

Gender-Based Stereotypical Practices of Selected Industries in Metro Cebu Louiechi Von R. Mendoza, MAPA Cebu Normal University This study made use of qualitative approach in describing the belief and practices of selected industries in Metro Cebu on how gender relates to personnel management. The researcher utilized narrative analysis as a method in analyzing the narratives gathered through interviews. An Interview was made with persons who have direct influence on hiring, promotion, dismissal and termination (personnel management) of employees such as the Human Resource Managers and the Company Owners. There was a total of ten (10) key informants for the study. It was found out that gender-based stereotypes practices and beliefs are evident in the selected industries in Metro Cebu. Hiring men is best to protect the interest of the respective companies citing the practicality and productivity considerations.

Analysis on the Relationship and Dynamics of Organizational Commitment, Volunteer Engagement, Volunteer Motivation and HRM System on Volunteer Organizations Kenn S. Ante Lipa City Parole and Probation Office Lawrence Angelo M. Malasa Development Academy of the Philippines The purpose of this paper is to understand the volunteerism landscape in the Philippines by looking at the experience of volunteers in their respective organizations. It analyzes the relationship and dynamics between organizational commitment, volunteer engagement, volunteer motivation, and human resource management (HRM) systems within volunteer organizations. This quantitative research adopts survey items across different studies for the four variables. For organizational commitment, it utilizes three dimensions of organizational commitment from Allen and Meyer (1990), while volunteer engagement uses the questionnaire from Schaufeli et al. (2006), volunteer motivation uses US Merit System and Protection Board’s (MSPB) 2010 Merit Principles Survey, and HRM system adopts the first four drivers of Volunteer Management Index from Cuskelly et al. The authors performed descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and mediation analysis to establish the distinctive validity of the constructs. Also, the authors also performed a structural equation model to determine the relationship between the four variables.

The data results reveal that organizational commitment and volunteer engagement are both significantly and positively related to volunteer motivation, and that volunteer engagement mediates the relationship of organizational commitment and volunteer motivation. This study also confirms that the HRM system moderates the relationship of organizational commitment and volunteer engagement.

PANEL 13: DIGITAL GOVERNANCE _________________________________________________ E-Governance in Public Service Delivery by a Local Government Unit in Quezon Province Sarah Dane B. Lising, MPA Abegail N. Cabriga Ma. Erika S. Devela Southern Luzon State University The study aimed to determine the level of acceptability and quality of service delivery of E- Governance in the Local Government Unit of Mauban, Quezon. The present research applied the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Service Quality (SERVQUAL) model, and the study data were collected from 388 respondents that were classified into three groups of stakeholders (municipal employees, citizens, and business sectors). The study used a quantitative method as the research design and a selfconstructed questionnaire as a research instrument. A thorough study concluded that the majority of the respondents have sufficient internet connections and availability of resources to access the e-services provided by the LGU of Mauban, Quezon. Furthermore, the level of awareness of the different stakeholders to the public services offered by the Local Government Unit through e-governance and ICT applications revealed relatively high. When it comes to usage, municipal employees have a higher level of assessment than the business sector and citizens. The acceptability of public services using egovernance was highly acceptable among the stakeholders. Moreover, the stakeholders’ assessment on the level of quality-of-service delivery of e-governance was revealed to be on a high level. This research makes significant contributions to the existing literature by determining the level of acceptability and quality of service delivery of E-Governance in the Local Government Unit of Mauban, Quezon, and also, the findings of the study serve as a guide to the municipality to formulate and conduct seminars about the e-government/ICT applications that may benefit their stakeholders, to actively promote and advocate the public e-services to reach a wider range in the community and enable the LGU to fulfill their specified mission and vision, and to undertake relevant, timely, and high-quality research and development programs that will generate technologies and strengthen these e- services.

Towards Food Safety System Certification and Process and Product Improvement: An Evaluation Lea B. Milan Aljon N. Lusong Vien Jamaica D. Samson Kichelle B. Soliman Tarlac State University Tarlac State University (TSU), through its expert faculty from the College of Science - Bachelor of Science in Food Technology (COS-BSFT), conducted several extension services on selected Food Business Operators (FBOs) in Region III to fill in the gaps and meet the demands of FBOs in terms of food safety system certifications and process and product improvement. Hence, this study was carried out to determine the impact of extension activities. A mixed method design specifically a convergent parallel mixed methods research design was employed in this study. The researchers gathered and

analyzed information or data through interviews, survey questions, and documentary analysis. Results showed that the FBOs’ processes and products improved since they now had a better understanding of their processes and procedures, which lead them to improve the quality of their products. Their understanding and awareness of food safety system certifications were also enhanced. The beneficiaries learned about the procedure and the factors to consider when applying for system certification. In addition, fifteen (15) FBOs have gained accreditation for their food safety systems. Three (3) of them have already renewed their certificates, while seven (7) firms' applications for system certification are now being processed. In the meanwhile, twelve (12) FBOs have yet to obtain food safety system certification. Based on the findings, the COS-CSFT may collaborate with the FBOs to accept "On the Job Trainees," perform a face-to-face follow-up extension intervention, establish a testing hub center for FBOs, and continue to implement impactful and sustainable projects for FBOs.

Yolanda Permanent Housing Projects Turnover Engagements Towards Safe and Sustainable Shelter Foresight Marites S. Pimentel Capiz State University - Main Campus, Roxas City, Capiz Housing ensures that everyone in society has a place to live. A housing authority is a government entity that exists in several nations. This study explored the engagement of the Local Government Units (LGUs) in Capiz in Yolanda Permanent Housing Project (YPHP) turnover toward safe and resilient shelter under the Participatory and Capacity Development Approach. It ascertained the LGUs’ participation, capacitation and engagement, challenges encountered by National Housing Authority (NHA) in the implementation and turnover of YPHP, and the social and economic services for the beneficiaries. A qualitative-descriptive approach was utilized. Data collection was through key informant interviews and Focus Group Discussion. The subjects were the 3 Municipal Mayors, 1 NHA Region VI Resettlement and Development Officer, and 7 Heads of Offices and Housing Coordinators of the LGUs in Capiz, where implementation of YPHP is experienced. The LGUs’ readiness and acceptance of the project were linked to the participation, capacitation, and engagement of the LGU from the start of implementation to its accomplishment. Participation was in the form of attendance at meetings, consultations, and dialogues participated by the LGUs before and after the implementation and turnover of the project. Turnover experiences were in planning, implementation, administrative capacity of NHA and stakeholders’ representation and participation. Capacitation and engagement of LGUs were drawn from the establishment and operationalization of Local Housing Office and functional Local Inter-Agency Committee, in-charge of the beneficiary selection, awards, and arbitration. LGUs’ participation was minimal so they were hesitant to accept the turnover. They were not agreeable with the housing design, not consulted with the project, and kept requesting the plans but the plans are with the contractors. The “risgos” or risk-takers occupied the units, beneficiaries selling their units, transition of the project from past administration to present, disagreements on listings of beneficiaries, limited NHA’s manpower, and other irregularities. There were provisions for social and economic services for beneficiaries like access to food, health, transport, fire, police services, and livelihood projects but no sustainability in the economic services. The creation and institutionalization of Local Housing Board may be put in place and Local Housing Office may be established in every city and municipality as a doorway to address all housing concerns.

Digitally challenged: E-Governance in the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (BARMM) Ian Nasser E. Berowa Mindanao State University – Main Campus The Local e-Governance for the Accelerated Provision of Services (LeAPS) program of the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) initiated the digital shift of some of the basic services of the BARMM to electronic governance (e-governance). However, this shift is immediately met with one

primary, and a consequent, challenge: an almost absent digital infrastructure, and as a result, the lack of a means for citizen e-participation. Using e-democracy as a theoretical framework, this research aims to describe how and what public services, through the digital platform, are provided in the local government units (LGUs) of the BARMM. This study found that the digitalization of public services in the identified LGUs of the BARMM are extremely limited and superficial. With the digital infrastructure still wanting, information and communications technology (ICT) tools are then utilized without guaranteed efficiency. Hence, the digital solution to the efficient delivery of public services which requires a certain level of maturity of democracy is not met. The digital challenge is thus not merely a challenge of robust digital infrastructure and technology, but more so a challenge of access to digitalization by both the state actors and ordinary citizens alike.

Continuity Planning in Public Administration: The Comprehensive Land Use Plan of the DMMMSU, La Union, Philippines Mary Jane B. Dulay Roy Laquidan Marissa R. Fangon Don Mariano Marcos Memorial State University The Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act No. 11396, known as SUCs Land Use Development and Infrastructure Plan (LUDIP) Act, provides for a rational, holistic, efficient, and just allocation, utilization, development, and management of the country’s land and water resources for sustainable development. It is a dynamic long-term planning document that provides a conceptual layout to guide future growth and development of the SUC. The study will document the proper allocation, utilization, development, and management of the country’s land and water resources as a continuing plan in public administration. The study will use a qualitative research design (Creswell, 2013) where data will derive from the LGU’s Comprehensive Land Use Plan (CLUP). Key informant interviews (KII) will be interviewed to address the information gaps. Analysis of the data, possible recommendations, and proposals for a site development plan will be done. The output is a document formulated by the SUC based on RA 11396 in consultation with its stakeholders defining or providing guidelines on the allocation, utilization, development, and management of all lands, within the SUCs jurisdiction, according to the inherent qualities of the land itself and in line with the Comprehensive Land Use Plan covering the SUCs land.

PANEL 14: E-GOVERNANCE AND FUTURES THINKING _________________________________________________ Promoting and Strengthening E-Governance in the Mainland Province of the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao Milhaya D. Langco Mindanao State University Main Campus This study was conducted to determine the local government initiatives in promoting and strengthening e-governance in one of the poorest provinces in the country. Specifically, it attempted to study the status of e-governance initiatives in the province taking into account BARMM’s Ministry of the Interior and Local Government (MILG) implementation on Localizing e-Government for Accelerated Provision of Services (LeAPS) program, in partnership with the United Nations Development Program (UNDP). Issues and challenges on these initiatives will also be tackled. This study used both qualitative and

quantitative research method such as the use of secondary data, interviews and survey. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts and percentage distribution were used in the presentation and analysis of data. Percentage was used to quantitatively describe and analyze the responses given by the respondents while weighted mean was used to determine the average value of the responses in each item of the given questionnaire. Results of the findings revealed that while there are initiatives coming from the BARMM such as improving connectivity, several issues and challenges were also raised why such province is still behind in so far as e-governance is concerned which include the following: lack of awareness, weak institutional framework, and communities hesitancy on e-governance initiatives. Several policy recommendations were likewise suggested by the key informants to address these issues.

Anticipating and Addressing the Implications of Deepfake Technology in the Philippines by 2035 through Scenario Building and Backcasting Caren Claire Avenido John Timothy Kho Kristelle Claire Prado Allondra Shaira Serdenia National College of Public Administration University of the Philippines Diliman Deepfake technology is currently advancing globally and has slowly entered the information channels of the Philippines. This research aimed to combat the effects of the information disorder it may perpetuate on society by 1) identifying technical, socio-political, and legal drivers of change that shapes the future of deepfake technology in the Philippines, 2) building four 2035 future scenarios, and 3) formulating policy recommendations to address such implications. This research used an exploratory research design and utilized two main data-gathering techniques, specifically 1) library research of existing literature and 2) key informant interviews conducted virtually with 18 experts from different sectors. The data gathered served as inputs in identifying the key drivers and in building the four alternative futures scenarios of deepfake technology in the Philippines using Peter Schwartz’s Hybrid Scenario Archetype. The four scenarios are KaLIKHAsan (preferred), ApokaLITO (disowned), EvoLUSION (outlier), and TRALSE (integrated). The preferred scenario was then backcasted to identify key events and policy steps necessary to achieve KaLIKHAsan. Emerging against the backdrop of disinformation, deepfake technology has fertile ground to flourish. This study highlights the need to craft and implement measures and policies to address the multifaceted risks which are not explicitly addressed by the existing national legal frameworks. Policy-making, education and awareness-raising, and threat assessment should be collaboratively undertaken to inculcate a culture of digital resiliency and responsible innovation.

The Harvest Agenda: Adopting Futures Thinking Towards a Co-Created Platform for the Philippine Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Sector Kenn S. Ante Lipa City Parole and Probation Office Ferdinand Nykko B. Bautista Alliance for Improving Health Outcomes Romina Marie P. Cabrera Philippine Star

John Roniel A. Canimo Department of Education Futures thinking through the backcasting method was adopted in devising a comprehensive plan to address the concerns of the Philippine Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (AFF) Sector. Four focal concerns were identified via horizontal scanning that summed up the issues, trends, and developments in the sector. Strategic foresight was undertaken by assessing and understanding the different outcomes of varied policy changes that may or may not be taken in the future. To achieve these targets, the paper used secondary data review, key interviews and a panel presentation to futures thinking and governance experts to devise a "Harvest Agenda.” This co-creation platform presents an opportunity for the voluntary sector in cultivating a framework where they will play a facilitator role to bring together the three players of governance: government, private sector, and civil society to work together towards the PDP’s goals for the AFF sector. The Harvest Agenda presents a comprehensive plan to addresses the issues in the AFF sector using the concept of futures thinking through backcasting and laying out specific action points that were formulated following consultation with stakeholders in a bid to bring together the players of governance towards a co-creation platform to address the goals outlined in the PDP.

Collaborative Governance: The E-Governance Projects of Makati City John Ray Camorongan Angeles University Foundation In the midst of Pandemic in the Philippines, the unprecedented use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in public services is increasingly significant. This paper has weighed in to the City of Makati's E-Governance initiatives in the spirit of Collaborative Governance. The data collected from the combination of works of UNDPEPA and Yildiz, serve as a guide while literature review, content analysis, and review of the City’s mobile application and web portal as methodology. It could infer from the findings that ICT-based projects of the City were efficiently implemented with the cooperation of private sectors and support of the community in the delivery of government services.

PANEL 15: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TOWARDS SDGs (3) _________________________________________________ Sustainability Assessment of the Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina (Kalipi) Program Implementation in Iligan City and Cagayan De Oro City Dairylle Dagot Clarido Dr. Sulpecia L. Ponce This study was designed to assess the sustainability of the least and most successful Kalipunan ng Liping Pilipina (KALIPI) in Iligan City and Cagayan de Oro City, using the principles of the sustainable development which are centered on three dimensions which are social, economic and environmental, particularly in identifying the profile of the respondents, level of sustainability of the programs, impacts of the organization to the respondents and the factors for a sustainable program. The data are gathered through interview schedule utilizing triangulation approaches. The participants are the KALIPI leaders, members, and focal persons as key informants. Results are analyzed using descriptive statistics and thematic methods. Findings revealed that there is high social and economic sustainability of the KALIPI programs for both most and least successful KALIPIs. In the environment dimension, the least successful KALIPIs experienced less impact due to leniency in the implementation and monitoring of

activities by the local social welfare office. Organizational leadership style, funding, programs and activities, and program evaluation and monitoring are the factors that must be given weight by the focal persons in order to have sustainable program implementation.

LGU Power: Malabon Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit’s Innovative Management and Localized Operationalization of COVID-19 Detection and Isolation Strategies Subtheme: Ethics in local governance Reiou Regie Manuel University of the Philippines – National College of Public Administration and Governance The City Epidemiology and Surveillance Unit (CESU) takes the lead in implementing the National Action Plan against COVID-19 and its flagship program, the PDITR+V Strategy, in every local government unit. As the city’s frontliner for COVID-19 intervention, Malabon CESU innovated its organization, management, and operations to make it more economical, efficient, and effective, and to ensure accountability, social equity, and ethics were practiced (5Es and an A of Public Administration). Using an integrated analytical and conceptual framework consisting of Nonaka’s Phronetic Leadership, Gant’s Concept of Development Administration, Kanter's Structural Empowerment Theory, and Brillantes and Lorenzo’s 5Es and an A of Public Administration, a cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze how Malabon CESU innovated and localized its strategies in the conduct of detection and isolation under the PDITR+V Strategy. Malabon CESU struggled with scarcity of manpower and resources while fighting COVID-19. By practicing participatory and phronetic leadership in performing swabbing, contact tracing, and isolation operations, Malabon CESU took advantage of their experience, competencies, foresight, and political will to execute national government’s protocols and guidelines, deal with financial constraints, practice honest governance, localize strategies, make sound decisions, and further analyze the crisis while taking into consideration the welfare of the citizens, particularly the underprivileged.

LGUs’ Capacity in the Implementation of Mandanas Ruling on Agriculture Services: Directing Capacity Development Priorities for Full Devolution in the Province of Camiguin-Region X Loraine Mae R. Asuncion-Añasco Bukidnon State University The Philippines is on the verge to exemplify full devolution of services in 2022, a result of the “Mandanas Ruling”, thereby increasing the share of local governments from national government tax revenue, improving LGU capacity, and enhancing transparency and accountability. LGUs will have to play stronger role on devolution, particularly in the area of agriculture, which is the backbone of Philippine economy. The focus of this study is to determine the capacity of the LGUs in the Province of Camiguin in assuming bigger roles by analyzing their capacity development (CapDev) agenda for agriculture. The objectives include determining the capacity status of the LGUs, determining the common and unique CapDev agenda of the LGUs, and directing the prioritization of the CapDevs. The study utilized the Document Analysis Approach. It was found that Camiguin has a Moderate Capacity which means that it has some existing and enabling or 40 – 59% capacity in implementing the devolution requirements. The matrix on common and unique CapDev agenda also proved that the different LGUs, indeed, have similar needs as far as CapDev is concerned. Finally, the Indicative CapDev Priorities are offered to the LGUs of Camiguin, as a guide to their prioritization of the interventions.

Solid Waste Management Practices of the City Government of Lucena: Basis for Program Enhancement Arturo E. Dominguez According to a World Bank study, the urban areas of Asia produce about 0.76 million tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), or approximately 2.7 million m3 per day. In 2025, this figure may increase up to 1.8 million tons of waste per day or 5.2 million m3 per day. The Philippines, like all other countries, has taken several initiatives to cope with these issues on solid waste management. In response to a need to address the serious environmental effects of waste management in the environment, the City of Lucena, a highly urbanized city, has joined the nation on its quest to stop the looming garbage problems in the implementation of the provisions of RA 9004 and device a systematic, comprehensive and ecological solid waste management program that ensures the protection of public health and the environment and the proper segregation, collection, transport, storage, treatment and disposal of solid waste through the formulation and adoption of best environmental practices.The Philippines has taken several initiatives to cope with environmental and ecological concerns and Lucena City had followed the lead in this regard. In response to address these serious environmental consequences, this study was undertaken to know the present situation in the city regarding solid waste management program that ensures the protection of public health. To understand the problem, descriptive research method was used to gather, tabulate, and interpret data. Compliance to the program are mostly by government agencies followed by schools and the service industry. The least to comply on the solid waste management program is the industrial industry sector. The solid waste management practices were disposal of solid waste in accordance with the best principles of public health, clean - up drive while waste serration through density balling was least practiced. The garbage collection of daily garbage collection of garbage was performed while garbage washed ashore after storm is collected is uncommonly practiced. On policy/ordinance, implementation of policy ordinance on non - compliant residents will receive sanitation/environmental citation ticket was performed to a least extent. Solid waste management programs in terms of waste segregation, garbage collection and policy/ordinance are practiced. The City Government faces serious problems and encounter various challenges in the implementation of solid waste management program particularly on the lack of understanding from the citizens, willingness of the people to adhere to the provisions of the program, and unwelcoming attitude of the residents towards the program. There is no significant difference in the comparison of the compliance on the solid waste management program but there is significant difference in the comparison of the solid waste management practices in Lucena City. As a result of the study, an enhanced solid waste management program is proposed.

Early Recovery Conditions of Women Survivors of The Marawi Seige in a Temporary Settlement in Southern Philippines Leamen L. Lucman The study highlights the early recovery conditions of the internally displaced Meranao women as a result of the 2017 Marawi siege in Sagonsongan Temporary Settlement in the Islamic City of Marawi, Lanao del Sur in Southern Philippines. Using Community Capitals and Gender Framework with a combination of survey and Key Informant Interview methods, a total of 291 middle-aged married Meranao Muslim women IDPs are the subjects of the study. Most of them are not college degree and with income below poverty threshold level, findings suggest their conditions are enhanced by tgender need and challenges. However, the different recovery intervention programs stimulated the human, social, economic, environmental, cultural, political and build capitals of these Meranao women survivors and their temporary settlement. These Meranao women in giving credence to their ethnicity, give importance to their age-old cultural practices of maratabat (honor), katathabanga (mutual help). While the coverage of the study is limited to the early recovery phase only, the women survivors dream

of returning to their previous homes, back to their ancestral houses in ground zero where they could rebuild themselves, thus attain complete recovery.

Assessing the Perceptions Toward the Impacts of Tourism in Poverty Alleviation: A Basis for Pro-Poor Tourism Policy in Sta. Lucia, Guimba, Nueva Ecija Lady S. Purganan Jojo Villamin Noel Lansang University of Santo Tomas The tourism industry has a significant contribution to the socio-economic and socio- cultural development of various nations, while Pro-poor tourism development approach has a great potential to serve as an avenue for capacity building leading to economic independence since natural attractions and cultural resources are assets that can be capitalized especially by the poor because it is more accessible to them compared to financial resources. In the National Tourism Development Plan 2016- 2022, specific mechanisms are not reflected to combat and lower down poverty incidence through tourism. The researcher used the multidimensional poverty theory and sustainable tourism theory to formulate indicators in the research instrument, and social exchange theory. The expected output of the study is to unlock opportunities, specifically in Brgy. Sta. Lucia, Guimba, Nueva Ecija by crafting pro-poor tourism policy framework taking into utmost consideration local community involvement and participation in the process of tourism development which is essential in attaining inclusive growth and sustainability. This study applied the sequential explanatory design, mixed method approach. Findings showed that tourism stakeholders have a positive perception towards the impact of tourism in multidimensional poverty and sustainable tourism development.

PANEL 16: INNOVATIONS FOR LOCAL FISCAL MANAGEMENT _________________________________________________ Government Financial Institutions in Promoting Sustainable ASEAN SMEs: Perspectives from Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines Kristoffer B. Berse Kirsten Lianne Mae C. Dedase Lianne Angelico C. Depante Giselle Louise R. Lapid University of the Philippines Resilience Institute Issues on environmental sustainability continue to threaten the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) within the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region. Despite being a significant subset of the ASEAN member states (ASM) economies, countries deemed as among the fastest growing in the world, SMEs remain struggling to access funding from financial institutions due to their highrisk nature and limited capital to cover loan default. Similarly, the support extended to them through inclusive, integrated policies is insufficient to stimulate and capture budding SME business growth in the region. With inadequate resources and policy support, coupled with high susceptibility to climate change and natural and man-made hazards, their potential to contribute to the national economy and regional value chain has dwindled over the years as they become more vulnerable to disruptions brought about by the changing environment. This paper, in the main, seeks to explore the role of the government financial institutions (GFIs) in ASEAN in promoting and financing green and resilient SMEs. To illustrate the dynamics between FIs and SMEs, the paper will zero in on three case studies, namely, Indonesia, Singapore, and the Philippines, countries that have variegated approaches and performances in the realm of greening SMEs. This paper will then conclude by offering contextualized national and

regional policy recommendations in conjunction with the objective of promoting greener and more resilient SMEs.

Community Evaluation on the Effects of Tourism in Doot Poktoy, Lanuza Mariae Khrisna B. Arreza Cebu Normal University

Doot Poktoy is an emerging surfing destination in Mindanao. In developing tourism, Policymakers could aim for long-term tourism growth. Sustainable tourism is intensely dependent on the host community's support, view, and contribution to tourism programs; this safeguards the community and diminishes any adverse effects that can harm the environment and culture. However, literature is scarce about comparing the positive and negative effects of tourism. Thus, this paper focuses on the following objectives: Determine the positive and negative effects of tourism and; Test the significant difference between the positive and negative responses. The study gathered 93 responses from Doot Poktoy residents. It utilized the descriptive approach, with questionnaires indicating the agreement level in the values of tourism development: economic, socio-cultural, and environmental. The results revealed that the respondents had experienced both negative and positive effects of tourism and that they have a more negative view of tourism than a positive one.

Sustainable Budgeting in the Philippines: Ramifications Towards Sustainable Development in the Philippines Jephte Olimpo Muñez With the wicked problem of poverty, exponential growth in population that brings surmountable challenges in resource management, mobility of people across borders, adverse effects of the COVID19 pandemic, degradation of our natural environment, catastrophes brought about by climate change, responsible production and consumption or the lack thereof, industrialization and “green” cities being developed and technological advancements in the Fifth Industrial Revolution are realities that are hopefully to be addressed with the attainment of Sustainable Development Goals 2030 and beyond. Fiscal futures as a public sector’s budgetary reform (Anderson and Sheppard, 2009), though applied by limited industrialized countries for almost two decades ago, is a prescription yet to be explored and applied extensively by the Philippine government. The paper will have an updated systematic literature review on fiscal futures from the varying experiences of those early adopters and identify the ramifications in the political, economic, social, cultural and technological eco- systems in the Philippines. The paper will offer recommendations on financial projections through targeted scenario analyses based on relevant and realistic demographic, microeconomic, macroeconomic, and fiscal assumptions in the agricultural and trade and industry sectors. The frequency requirement, analytical and institutional quality specifications will be determined for policy development and / or act of legislation.

Drivers and Outcome off Young Voters’ Political Expression and Internal Efficacy through the lens of Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) Model Dr. Wilmark J. Ramos Ms. Maria Tiara Fatima F. Galang Tarlac State University Voting is one of the most direct methods of participation of citizens in governance. It is through suffrage that citizens can meaningfully impact how government will be run as an instrument for development. Marketing has a significant impact on the way the political world operates in recent years (Lees-

Marshment, 2019). With the heightened number of social media platforms and users, candidates resort to use social media for marketing their campaigns and respective parties to influence voters. (Jahan et al., 2019). It is through this that the electorate feels closer to the political candidates as they use such for initiating dialogue with voters (Jahan et al., 2019) and therefore, shape their level of engagement (Ayankoya et al., 2015). Furthermore, success of campaigns has strong associations with political marketing, branding and strategic communication through social media (Ayankoya et al., 2014). The role of social media in campaigns has become a global trend; its function has grown over the ears and has become a powerful alternative to the old media (Gogoi 2020). It is through this that the researchers seek to develop a model of drivers and outcome of young voters’ political expression and internal efficacy through the lens of the SOR model.

PANEL 17: DIGITAL GOVERNANCE AND FORESIGHT _________________________________________________ An Analysis of E-Government Citizen Adoption Predictors Grounded on Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Faye Lorraine P. Mina, MPA, M.I.P University of the Visayas This study aimed to determine the factors influencing the behavioral intention of PhilHealth members to adopt My PhilHealth Portal using an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Variables from this theory were operationalized through indicators which were then translated into a self-reported online survey questionnaire distributed through email and Facebook. Purposive- homogeneous sampling was used to determine the sample size from the target population who are Cagayan de Oro City-based PhilHealth formal economy members employed in either private or public sector. The data from the online survey was tested for reliability using IBM SPSS Statistics (version 20), and the Cronbach's alpha (1951) coefficient was used to assess the validity of variables. To determine the causal relationship of variables on specific constructs, data were processed using licensed versions of IBM SPSS AMOS (version 26) to perform Structural Equation Modelling, which will further show the account for a specific impact of the constructs and moderating variables to behavioral intention. It is cross-sectional in nature and conducted within a short period of time. Citizens’ perceptions towards the adoption of My PhilHealth Portal can change over time as new knowledge and experiences will be accumulated. Therefore, future studies could employ a longitudinal design to obtain more accurate findings that are relevant to the general public's adoption of government portals. Findings show that citizens' behavioral intention to adopt My PhilHealth Portal is influenced by their trust on internet, trust on government, effort expectancy, and their perceived competence. However, the selected moderating variables appear to have no significant effect on TOI, TOG, EE, and PC to BI.

Readiness Assessment Framework for LGUs competencies in shifting to E-Governance Christian G. Coronel Development Academy of the Philippines The Philippine Development Plan 2022 strategizes to enhance our country’s capability to adapt to modern technology. In an age where almost everything can be done online and through other digital platforms, the government must harness the power of information and communications technology [ICT] to serve its purpose better and bring the government closer to the people (Go, 2020). Modern Technologies are now becoming part of our everyday life, it enables us to do many things from setting the alarm to setting an appointment for our meeting, but the government seems far behind in adapting

to the changes of our world and having a hard time accepting the comfort technologies that could be used to upgrade system and to boost innovation and promote good governance. This study aims to assess the competency of our selected LGUs in determining if they are now ready to shift to digital governance. The study will employ a descriptive method that would help identify the competency of the selected LGUs this method is most appropriate since it will provide systematic and factual information to evaluate or assess conditions. The evaluative descriptive design will be used in determining LGUs capabilities in shifting to Digital Governance.

Sustainability, Efficiency, And Effectiveness: A Conceptual and Strategic Local EGovernance Framework to Address Pandemic Challenges and Beyond Giovanni Z. Baena Development Academy of the Philippines Since the pandemic started several governments are now slowly focusing their attention on egovernance that uses Information, Communication, and Technology (ICTs) at various levels of government and other sectors to enhance delivering public goods and services. In the Philippines, several administrations did not fully realize the potential of e-governance not until the pandemic started. There were already ICT strategies and policies implemented before the pandemic however, there is no clear local e-governance framework developed. The lack of understanding and development of egovernance in the local setting could be a factor in why e-governance is not strengthening further. This research paper aims to develop a local e-governance framework model that emphasizes sustainability, efficiency, and effectiveness to address pandemic challenges and beyond. Hence, the following are the identifiable factors available G2G, G2B, G2C, local government structure, citizens, along with e- governance and ICT infrastructure policies will be developed. Subsequently, this research study focuses on selected Local Government Units (LGUs) in Metro Manila as they were able to show resiliency and adaptability to pandemic challenges by ensuring that they provide for the needs of the people. Therefore, if local e-governance is consolidated from the bottom-up, it would not be hard to do a top-down approach.

Factors Affecting the Level of Electronic Business Licensing Usage in the City and Municipality of Bukidnon Using the Toe Model Charen Jean M. Santillan EnP Sulpicio S. Velasco, MPA Electronic services have become a trendsetter in doing transactions that greatly affect the process as a whole. However, some local government e-services are not polished yet in terms of technical support which hampers the totality of the process and affects the usage of the services. Hence, the main focus of the study is to determine the factors that affect the level of electronic business licensing usage which was believed to increase consumers’ satisfaction through consistency of policy that greatly affect citizens’ involvement and revenue maximization and generation. This study adopted the Technological, Organizational, and Environmental Model (TOE) which utilizes technological, organizational, and environmental factors to assess the level of electronic business licensing usage in the context of egovernance success and realization in the Local Government Units. Two modified questionnaires were used in this study, the first one was the one developed by Sulistyowati et al. (2020) for their study on “Factors contributing to e-government adoption in Indonesia – an extended technology acceptance model with trust: a conceptual framework.” The instrument was utilized in this study to assess the level

of electronic business licensing usage in terms of convenience, quality of service, and consumer satisfaction in the chosen municipality/city. This instrument was reflected in the second part of the data gathering tool. The second one was the one adopted by Chen et al. (2019) where, electronic business licensing usage was assessed and determined using technological, organizational, and environmental factors. This instrument was placed in the third part of the data gathering tool. Five-point Likert Scale was used to quantify the gathered data, and statistically analyzed, and interpret the general results. The survey focused on the level of usage of electronic business licensing in one municipality and one city of Bukidnon. The findings of the study revealed no influence on the demographic profiles of the respondents regarding the level of electronic business licensing usage. Thus, significant influence is notable on the level of electronic business licensing usage through the TOE variables. However, only the organizational factor in terms of technical support appeared to be statistically significant at the 5% significant level while holding other variables constant. In a general sense, the need for the government to capacitate the entities behind these electronic services is highly regarded to optimize the implementation and full realization of the utilization of e-governance in the Local Government Units.

PANEL 18: LOCAL INNOVATIONS TOWARDS SDGs (4) _________________________________________________ Tax Collection Strategies in the Municipality of Echague: An Assessment Jessica C. Managuelod, MPA Jose P. Gallena Jr., DPA Isabela State University This study is conducted to assess the effectiveness of the strategies in the collection of business taxes in the Local Government Unit of Echague, a first-class municipality in the Province of Isabela. This will serve as a baseline for any proposed policy reforms in local government finance. The study aimed to determine the profile of the respondents as to business type, business location, year/s in the service and startup capital; determine the level of effectiveness of the strategies implemented by the LGU for taxation and revenue generation; identify the problems encountered in taxation and revenue generation strategies; and recommend measures for the improvement of collection strategies in the municipality of Echague, Isabela. The respondents of the study are the registered business establishments owners which were gathered from the Business Permits and Licensing Office (BPLO) in the Municipality of Echague. A structured survey questionnaire was used to gather primary data from the respondents. A key informant interview was also employed to answer the objectives of the study. The scope of the study was delimited to the población area of the Municipality of Echague which includes six (6) barangays having the highest number of registered business establishments based on the list gathered from the (BPLO) and used cluster sampling in identifying the sample size from the total population. It utilized a descriptive research design wherein the quantitative data that were obtained through the conduct of the survey were analyzed using the average weighted mean. As to business category majority of the respondents surveyed were retailers followed by those who offered services and food in the municipality and operating for less than ten years in the business. The strategies in the implementation of taxation and revenue generation of the local government of Echague have helped identify areas that are needed to address to develop its performance. The Local Government Unit of Echague is moderately effective in the implementation and collection of taxes based on the conducted survey along the area of tax on outdoor advertisements and license fees. Thus, ongoing intervention and additional effort toward the improvement of the strategies of the collection are necessary especially in the area of collecting contributions.

On the problems encountered, the study reveals that municipal tax ordinance is not strictly and properly implemented was perceived as serious. The local government specifically the policymakers and the executives should tackle this challenge. The utilization of an electronic system for the payment of fees could be introduced to help the municipality improve efficiently its collection implementation. The ability of the local government to collect taxes dictates its capacity to finance various services along social, such as education, health, and other public goods for the citizens.

Assessment on the government agencies within Pasig City, and their level of support and proactiveness to active transportation and urban mobility Mariel Encar H. Uy Development Academy of the Philippines The pandemic has exposed further mobility challenges – vehicular traffic congestion, continued increase on carbon emissions, and frequency of accidents concerning road safety. Hence, all manifestations of unstainable transport. The overall goal of the National Transport Policy (2017) is to mainstream an environmentally sustainable transportation. Therefore, public transport should be inclusive, equitable, and people-centered; among which is to support active and non-motorized transportation. Our government champions the idea of bike commuting. Thus, poses a policy question on “how ‘accommodating’ are public workplaces and public establishments for their students/workers/clients who opt to use any non-motorized transportation?”. This paper aims to examine how the government agencies within a central business district – Ortigas Center, Pasig City – support its stakeholders to active transportation. The evaluative criteria that shall be used is a modification taken from the Copenhagen Index Parameters of Cycling and the criteria inferred by the Mobility Awards. The researcher shall implore a Mixed Methods research design. For its quantitative method, the gathered data from annual bike counts shall be utilized for baseline data and establish statistical significance. As for the qualitative method, the researcher conducts KII from key officials, document review among internal policy issuances, and social listening are techniques to triangulate data.

Implementation of Camp Transformation Program of Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) Combatants Haron M. Ebrahim Datu Anggal Midtimbang, Maguindanao Saidamin P. Bagolong Cotabato State University The study evaluated the implementation of Camp Transformation Programs for MILF combatants in Camp Omar and Camp Bad'r using the descriptive-evaluative research design of 124 respondents. The study made use of mean and thematic analysis of data gathered. The findings revealed that the level of implementation of the Camp Transformation Program for MILF combatants in terms of education development and infrastructure components was very high. At the same time, basic life sustenance and sustainable livelihood were high. The level of strategies in implementing the Transformation Program for MILF combatants in terms of stakeholder collaboration and information campaign was high. The level of attainment of objectives of the Camp Transformation Program for MILF combatants in terms of peaceful community was very high. However, in terms of productive community, it was high. The challenges encountered were mostly related to the government's process of realizing the peace

agreement. The delayed completion of the combatants' decommissioning makes some of them restless and waiting to feel the government's sincerity. The study concludes that the MILF combatant's life and camps have somehow transformed them towards development and progress.

Dimensions of the Guiding Principles of Whole Community Approach of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism Ronie G. Panes University of Southeastern Philippines PLTCOL Lemuel B. Gonda PNP Anti-Cybercrime Group (PNP ACG) This study was designed to determine the Dimensions of the Guiding Principles of Whole Community Approach in the context of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism in Cagayan de Oro City, Region X. From the extensive reading of related literature to Dimensions of the Guiding Principles of Whole Community Approach in the context of Preventing and Countering Violent Extremism, a survey questionnaire was developed. This study employed the exploratory factor analysis to determine the main variables to create a conceptual model. The data were statistically treated and tested at at