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Test on 10/02/2013

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Profesora: Sra. Doucette

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Spanish II – Grammar Review Notes for REPASOS E-G

Irregular ‘GO Verbs’ This group of verbs is only irregular in the: 1st person singular ‘yo’ form. The irregularity in each of these verbs involves a ‘g’ and a spelling change in the stem of the verb. Their endings are the regular ER / IR verb endings. HACER – to do (make)

PONER – to put

hago

hacemos

pongo

ponemos

haces

hacéis

pones

ponéis

hace

hacen

pone

ponen

TRAER – to bring

SALIR – to depart / leave

traigo

traemos

salgo

salimos

digo

decimos

traes

traéis

sales

salís

dices

decís

trae

traen

sale

salen

dice

dicen

Hago un sándwich. -

DECIR – to tell

I make a sandwich.

¿Qué haces tú? – What do you do? (What are you doing?) *note that it needs a different verb to answer ¿Qué haces tú? ¿Qué hace Teresa?

Trabajo en el aeropuerto. / Leo un libro. Teresa mira la pantalla de salidas.

Idiomatic Expressions with hacer: Hacer la maleta. To pack a suitcase. Hacer un viaje. To take a trip. Hace # días. # days ago some weather expressions with hacer: hace frío/calor – it is cold/hot hace sol – it is sunny hace viento – it is windy Venir is a ‘go’ verb with an ‘e to ie’ stem change in 3 of its forms3 It works just like Tener, but is an ‘ir’ verb.... VENIR – To come

TENER – To have

DECIR – To say or tell

vengo

venimos

tengo

tenemos

Digo

decimos

vienes

venís

tienes

tenéis

Dices

decís

viene

vienen

tiene

tienen

dice

dicen

REPASOS E-G

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Notes - Present Progressive This verb tense is used to describe an action that is happening right now as we are watching. It is equal to our ‘-ing’ ending verb clauses in English: I am running. I am talking. The plane is landing. In Spanish we use the verb estar and a present participle to form a verb clause that indicates ‘immediate action’. Estar – to be estoy

Present Participle (formed by adding

estamos

estás

estáis

está

están

–ando (AR verbs) or +

-iendo (ER/IR verbs) to the stem of a verb..

BOTH PARTS ARE NECESSARY AND FORM THE VERB CLAUSE. The participles of the verbs traer and leer are slightly modified due to a triple vowel combination when trying to add –iendo to the stem7 trayendo

leyendo

Mi hermano está trayendo las mochilas. – Mi brother is bringing the backbacks.

Estoy leyendo el libro de historia. – I am reading the history book.

Saber vs Conocer To Know Facts and People In Spanish, there are two verbs that express the idea "to know." These two verbs are "saber" and "conocer." The verb you choose depends upon the context in which it is used. These verbs are not interchangeable. The correct use of saber and conocer can be summarized as follows: SABER

CONOCER

To know a fact, to know something thoroughly, to know how to do something.

To be acquainted with a person, place, or thing. To Be Familiar with

Don't forget that Saber & Conocer have an irregular "yo" form! CONJUGATIONS OF SABER AND CONOCER SABER - TO KNOW FACTS

CONOCER - TO KNOW PEOPLE

sé

sabemos

conozco

conocemos

sabes

sabéis

conoces

conocéis

sabe

saben

conoce

conocen

REPASOS E-G

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The verbs ser and estar
You know that both ser and estar mean “to be.” You have seen that their uses, however, are different. Ser

Estar

(yo) soy

(nosotros/as) somos

(yo) estoy

(nosotros/as) estamos

(tú) eres

(vosotros/as) sois

(tú) estás

(vosotros/as) estáis

(ud./él/ella) es

(uds./ellos/ellas) son

(ud./él/ella) está

(uds./ellos/ellas) están

SER DOCTOR! 1. Description - These are the essential qualities that define a person and probably won´t change. They can be a name or a physical description.

ESTAR PLACE. 1. Position – Use when telling where someone or something is positioned. La ventana está abierta. La puerta está cerrada.

Yo soy alta, morena, y delgada. 2. Occupation - Use when telling occupation or when identifying who someone is.

2. Location - Use when telling someone or something’s location, both temporary and permanent.

Ella es profesora. 3. Characteristics - Use when describing inherent quality, personality traits or characteristics that don’t change.

Ella está en el centro comercial. Madrid está en España. 3. Actions – Use when describing actions in progress, the progressive tenses.

Los estudiantes son inteligentes. Yo estoy hablando con María. 4. Time - Use when telling time or giving the date. Not limited to clock time.

4. Conditions - Use when describing one’s health or condition.

Es el dos de abril. La profesora está enferma. 5. Origin - Use when telling someone’s origin or nationality. Also used when telling of what something 5. Emotions - Use when describing emotions or feelings that can change. is made (where it originally came from). Yo estoy feliz. Él no está contento.

Somos cubanos. 6. Relationships – use for family and friend relationships and also with religion since religion it is considered a relationship with a higher power. Use for showing posesión as well.

.

Lynne es mi madre. REPASOS E-G

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Reflexive verbs
To say that people do something to or for themselves, you use reflexive verbs. For example, washing one’s hands and brushing one’s hair are reflexive actions because the person doing the action also receives the action. Antes de una cita, (yo) me ducho y me peino el pelo.
You know that a verb is reflexive if its infinitive form ends with the letters se.
The reflexive pronouns in Spanish are me, te, se, nos, and os. Each pronoun corresponds to a different subject. Here are the present-tense forms of the reflexive verb secarse: (yo) me seco (tú) te secas (ud./él/ella) se seca

(nosotros/as) nos secamos (vosotros/as) os secáis (uds./ellos/ellas) se secan


Some verbs have both reflexive and non-reflexive forms and usages. A verb is used in its non-reflexive form if the action is being done to someone or something else. Lavo el coche a menudo. I wash the car often. Me lavo el pelo todos los días. I wash my hair everyday.
When you use a reflexive verb with parts of the body or clothing, use the definite article. ¿Siempre te cepillas los dientes? Do you always brush your teeth? Felipe se pone los zapatos. Felipe puts on his shoes. Some common reflexive verbs: acostarse

to go to bed

despertarse

to wake up

dormirse

to fall asleep

sentarse

to sit down

bañarse

to bathe oneself

vestirse

to dress oneself

levantarse

to rise

divertirse

to have fun

cepillarse

to brush oneself

Possessive adjectives •

Possessive adjectives are used to show possession or ownership My

Mi / Mis

Our

Your (informal)

Tu / Tus

Your (informal)

His Her Your (formal)

Su / Sus

Their (fem.) Their (mas.) Your (formal)

REPASOS E-G

Nuestro(s) Nuestra(s) Vuestro(s) vuestra(s) Su / Sus

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El Pretérito Regular verbs including -car, -gar & -zar endings and the irregular verbs ‘ir’ and ‘ser’) El pretérito de los verbos You use the preterite to talk about things that happened in the past. Here are the regular preterite forms of verbs ending in -ar, -er, and -ir:

-ar é amos aste asteis ó aron caminar

-er / -ir í imos iste isteis ió ieron

comer

vivir

caminé

caminamos

comí

comimos

viví

vivimos

caminaste

caminasteis

comiste

comisteis

viviste

vivisteis

caminó

caminaron

comió

comieron

vivió

vivieron ir and ser

El pretérito de los verbos ir y ser The preterite forms of ir and ser are exactly the same.

EX:

fui

fuimos

fuiste

fuisteis

fue

fueron

Carlos fue de vacaciones a las montañas. (ir) Mi equipo fue campeón escolar el año pasado. (ser)

Pretérito de los verbos que terminan en -car, -gar y -zar Remember that verbs ending in -car, -gar, or -zar have a spelling change in the yo form in the preterite. The other forms of these verbs are regular. verbos en –car

verbos en –gar

verbos en –zar

buscar→yo busqué

investigar→ yo investigué

almorzar → yo almorcé

chocar→yo choqué

navegar → yo navegué

comenzar → yo comencé

practicar →yo practiqué

jugar→ yo jugué

cruzar → yo crucé

sacar → yo saqué

llegar→ yo llegué

empezar → yo empecé

REPASOS E-G

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