Sustainability What it is and How to Implement It with Lighting Credit: AIA Course#USAI-401A (1.0 LU) Provider: USAI Lighting AIA Provider Number: 40107231 1

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This Course is the property of USAI Lighting and may not be reproduced or distributed without the express written consent of USAI Lighting. © USAI Lighting, 2022

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Sustainability How to Implement It with Lighting Learning Objectives:

USAI Collaboratory in Soho, NYC

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Recognize the relevance of sustainability goals for architectural projects and products

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Identify three types of sustainability project certifications

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Understand what a Declare label is and what types of projects it is required for

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Understand the lighting requirements for Well Building projects

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Have a basic understanding of LEED lighting requirements

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Identify the components of a Power Over Ethernet lighting solution

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Explain the basic concepts behind Human Centric Lighting and Circadian Lighting 3

Sustainability What is Sustainability? At its core, Sustainability is: Avoidance of the depletion of natural resources in order to maintain an ecological balance. Meeting our own needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Keywords: •

Environmentally Friendly

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Carbon Footprint

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Ethically Sourced

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Red list

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Zero Emissions

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Recycled

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Transparency

USAI Infinite Color+ : Similar to natural daylight, dynamic light in our homes shifts in color and intensity through the day to mimic the cycle with LED lights.

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Consumers are Focused on Sustainability • Protecting the environment is at the top of consumers minds • A good product is no longer enough to win a consumer’s favor; protecting the environment is at the top of consumers minds • Consumers look for products and brands that align with their personal values • We are willing to pay a premium for a product that produces less waste and/or toxins • The global green technology and sustainability market is projected to grow from $13.76 billion in 2022 to $51.09 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 20.6% during the forecasted period, according to Fortune Business Insights.

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Specifiers with Sustainability Goals • Architects and Interior Designers are making sustainability a main requirement for materials and projects • Impacts to overall project design as well as furniture and finish choices • Manufacturers are being asked to clearly state their corporate values and commitment to sustainability • Various programs exist to help qualify a project’s sustainability credentials

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Specifiers with Sustainability Goals • Lighting Designers are joining in signing an advocacy letter https://www.mindfulmaterials.com/lighting-advocacy-letter • “As a firm (your rep agency) could work to provide a list of lighting manufacturer brands and what they are implementing in terms of….” • Recycling / utilizing recycled materials • Supply chain analysis / locality / shipping processes • Product lifecycles • Manufacturing processes + facilities energy savings (I.e. solar panels, carbon offsets, zero waste, etc.) • Employee health + happiness • Community outreach / volunteer / donations towards orgs • (Bonus points) - If they’re more local to our area :)

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Ways to Achieve Sustainability in Principle

THINK ABOUT PRODUCTS YOU ARE PURCHASING, ARE THEY RECYCLABLE?

ARE THE PRODUCTS YOU ARE USING ALREADY MADE OF RECYCLED MATERIALS?

GO PLASTIC FREE

CONSERVE WATER BY REDUCING CONSUMPTION

BOYCOTT PRODUCTS THAT ENDANGER ANIMALS

CONSIDER PRODUCTS THAT ARE TRANSPARENT ABOUT USE OF CHEMICALS

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Ways to Demonstrate Sustainability in Practice LIVING BUILIDING CHALLENGE

LEED

Rating system: Living Building Challenge 4.0

Rating system: BD+C V4

Key points : • The International Living Future Institute (ILFI) is a global nonprofit organization that operates the Living Building Challenge (LBC), a performance standard for healthy and sustainable buildings. The ILFI manages the Declare label platform and product approvals for LBC projects. • Living Building Challenge focuses on healing of people and environment. • The Declare label is the only label that screens products against the Red List, a list of the worst chemicals in terms of their toxicity to our planet and to people.

Key points : • LEED building only needs to achieve a marginal improvement over standard energy building codes. • LEED is intended to connect occupants with outdoors and circadian rhythms. Reduce electrical lighting consumption by using daylighting.

Lighting Category: • Material

Lighting Category: • Energy and Atmosphere (1-18 points) • Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points)

WELL Rating system: WELL V2 Key points : • WELL is about optimizing the building or project to benefit people’s health. • WELL standards promotes lighting environment that provides good visual acuity in a variety of tasks to avoid eyestrain and to minimize productivity losses and headaches. Lighting Category: • Light concept (1-12 points) which electric lighting design can achieve 8 points out of 12. • L03 – Circadian Lighting Design • L04 – Glare Control Optimization • L08 – Electric Lighting Quality Optimization

POE

PoE, The Right Protocol for Smart Building & IoT Technology Key points : • Power over the Ethernet (PoE) projects are gaining momentum with smart building solutions focusing on collecting data points and feedback, energy efficiency and sustainability goals. • For electrical contractors, this smart building technology offers a wealth of opportunities to streamline building automation, enhance building efficiency and provide valueadded expertise and services. • PoE devices are delivering cost savings, easy installation, and enhanced flexibility to projects of all sizes.

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Ways to Demonstrate Sustainability in Practice Project Type: LIVING BUILIDING CHALLENGE

LEED

WELL

POE

LEED Compliance

Well Building Compliance

POE Product

Product Needs: Declare Labels

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The Living Building Challenge LBC is a voluntary, fee-based certification that has been developed based on two principles: • All 7 performance areas of the program must be addressed within the project. • Compliance is based on actual measured performance after 1 year of operation, as opposed to expected or modeled performance. Projects can be new construction, renovation of existing, interiors only, or landscapes/infrastructure (such as parks, plazas, arenas)

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The Living Building Challenge The Living Building Challenge (LBC) is a voluntary building certification program created in 2006 by the non-profit International Living Future Institute intended to promote sustainability in the built environment.

7 performance areas of the program:

MATERIALS: INGREDIENT DISCLOSURE, RED LIST CHEMICAL AVOIDANCE, SOURCING MATERIALS FOR REUSE

PLACE:

WATER:

ENERGY:

HEALTH AND HAPPINESS:

ANALYZE SITE LOCATION SO THAT CONSTRUCTION IS WELL INTEGRATED WITH SURROUNDINGS FOR PEDESTRIAN ACCESS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

PLAN TO CONSERVE AND NOT USE MORE THAN CAN BE SUPPLIED THROUGH RAINWATER CISTERNS, GREYWATER CLOSED LOOPS, OR WATER RECYCLING

BUILDING TO PRODUCE 105% OF THE ENERGY USE IT WILL REQUIRE ON-SITE AND USE RENEWABLE GRID POWER SOURCE

AIR QUALITY, THERMAL COMFORT, VISUAL COMFORT, INTEGRATION OF NATURE.

EQUITY:

BEAUTY:

LIMIT NEGATIVE IMPACT TO NEIGHBORING SITES’ ACCESS TO LIGHT, WATER, AIR

TRY TO IMPROVE APPEARANCE

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The Living Building Challenge Declare Labels for Living Building Challenge Projects • Part of the LBC Materials performance areas, the Declare label is a tool for manufacturers to communicate the ingredients used in their products to specifiers • The Declare label screens products against the Red List, a list of the worst chemicals in terms of their toxicity to our planet and to people. Scan QR code to download USAI Declare Product Guide

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The Living Building Challenge Declare Labels for Living Building Challenge Projects 3 possible status can be achieved • RED LIST FREE products disclose 100% of ingredients present at or above 100 ppm (0.01%) in the final product and do not contain any Red List chemicals. • RED LIST APPROVED products disclose a minimum of 99% of ingredients present in the final product and meet the LBC Red List Imperative requirements through one or more approved exceptions. • DECLARED products disclose 100% of ingredients present in the final product but contain one or more Red List chemicals that are not covered by an approved exception.

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The Living Building Challenge Fixture families now have Declare labels to demonstrate they are approved for use in Living Building Challenge projects. USAI lighting have achieved LBC Red List Approved status. Listings can be viewed on USAI and ILFI sites

BeveLED 2.2 Complete

BeveLED Mini Complete

LittleOnes Zepto

LittleOnes Micro Double

LittleOnes Micro

LBC RED LIST APPROVED

LBC RED LIST APPROVED

LBC RED LIST APPROVED

LBC RED LIST APPROVED

LBC RED LIST APPROVED

usailighting.com/mini

usailighting.com/lozepto

usailighting.com/22

usailighting.com/lodoubles

usailighting.com/lomicro

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LEED The United States Green Building Council (USGBC) founded the Leaders in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) rating system program. This is a voluntary certification with fees required; however, many municipalities have established incentives and tax rebates for LEED certified projects in their districts. The LEED credit rating system helps achieve maximum efficiency building goals with a focus on environmental impact of the building. Pictured Here: Northwestern University, Kellogg School of Management Lighting Designer: Tillotson Design Associates Architect: KPMB Architects LEED Rating: Platinum 16

LEED To achieve LEED certification the project must earn points by addressing requirements for carbon, energy, waste, transportation, materials, health and indoor environmental quality. Certification status achieved depends on the number of points earned

Pictured Here: National Museum of African American History & Culture Lighting Designer: Fisher Marantz Stone LEED Rating: Gold 17

LEED

Energy and Atmosphere (1-18 points)

Integrative Process

Indoor Environmental Quality (2 points)

Location and transportation

Materials and Resources

Innovation

Pilot Credit: Circular Products

Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency

Regional Priority

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LEED There are multiple categories within each that can earn points: Energy and Atmosphere (1-18 points)

Integrative Process

Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points)

Location and transportation

Materials and Resources

Innovation

Pilot Credit: Circular Products

Sustainable Sites Water Efficiency

Regional Priority

Lighting is an important part of the sustainable energy credit (possibly 25 point, electrical lighting archive 2 points). USAI Products have been used on multiple projects to help achieve LEED status of all levels. For an abbreviated list of a few recently completed LEED accredited projects, check out our list here: https://www.usailighting.com/leed-lighting 19

LEED - Energy and Atmosphere (1-18 points) Energy and Atmosphere (1-18 points) Energy Category – usually met through typical energy code calculations traditionally done per ASHRAE power calculations • Points depending on the percentage for reduction of connected power load energy use beyond ASHRAE. Two ways to determining the allowed wattage for the building: o Whole building mainly for one primary use o Space by space is more flexible is used for multiple occupancy and function. • Points to incorporating automatic energy-saving controls • Points for automatic daylight harvesting and occupancy sensors • Points for exterior lights with photocells or time clocks. 20

LEED - Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points) Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points)

Indoor environment is where lighting requirements matter. Requirements: Meet 1 strategy for 1 point. Meet 3 strategies total for 2 points.

1. 2. 3. 4.

Luminance or Glare Control • Luminance • Glare

Color Rendering • Color Fidelity & Gamut Area

Lighting Controls Surface Reflectivity

• Light Reflectance Value

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LEED - Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points) Indoor Environmental Quality (1-2 points)

1. Luminance or Glare Controls: Use light fixtures with a luminance of less than 7,000 cd/m2 between 45 and 90 OR Achieve a Unified Glare Rating (UGR) rating of 500,000 cd/m²

30°

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The Well Building Standard – L04 Glare Control (2 points)

Cutoff and Shielding Angle Cutoff angle and shielding angle add up to equal 90o. The cutoff angle is the lowest angle going up from nadir at which you do not have a direct view of the light source. The shielding angle (α) is the lowest angle moving down from the horizontal line of the ceiling plane at which you begin to get a direct view of the light source. The angle is a function of the geometric design of the light fixture and the two angles can be used interchangeably.

Shielding Angle

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The Well Building Standard – L08 Electric Light Quality (3 point) Part 1: Ensure Color Rendering Quality (1 point) This is a performance metric, the information for which is available in the spectral power distribution for the specific light fixture specified. The Well Standard will provide 1 point to the project if it can demonstrate that the fixture meets ONE of the following: Metric

Threshold

CRI

CRI ≥ 90

CRI, R9

CRI ≥ 80 with R9 ≥ 50

IES TM-30-18

IES Rf ≥ 78, IES Rg ≥ 100, -1% ≤ IES Rcs,h1 ≤ 15%

Note: Decorative fixtures, emergency lights and other special-purpose lighting may be excluded from these requirements.

LOW CRI

90 CRI

USAI has many light fixtures that can meet one or more points of this criteria; the easiest way to ensure the product you are using works for this is to specify a 90+ high CRI (“KH”) color temperature LED. Please contact us if you need help finding the right product.

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The Well Building Standard – L08 Electric Light Quality (3 point) Part 2: Manage Flicker (2 points) This is a performance metric, the information for which is available in the flicker report for the specific light fixture specified. The Well Standard will provide 2 points to the project if it can demonstrate that the fixture meets ONE of the following: a. A minimum frequency of 90 Hz at all 10% light output intervals from 10% to 100% light output.[69] b. LED products with a “low risk” level of flicker (light modulation) of less than 5%, especially below 90 Hz operation as defined by IEEE standard 1789-2015 LED.

Stroboscopic Effects (Flicker): Flicker of a light is the rapid variation in output of a lamp over time.

USAI has many light fixtures that can meet one or more points of this criteria; the easiest way to ensure the product you are using works for this is to specify any of our EldoLED 0-10V (D6A, D6B, D6E, D6F) dimming driver choices. Please contact us if you need help finding the right product.

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The Well Building Standard – L08 Electric Light Quality (3 point)

Quantifying Flicker • Flicker documentation measures the dimming quality of a specific dimming driver. 0-10V dimming drivers tend to have the smoothest dimming quality with the lowest amount of flicker. Phase dimming drivers are the worst, because the dimming signal is overlaid on the AC power signal, which promotes flicker. • Once a specific dimming driver is chosen, flicker information for the fixture and dimming driver specified can be provided by the manufacturer.

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Power Over Ethernet Lighting - PoE

All devices are networked and powered using a standard ethernet cable with multiple light fixtures daisy chained and connected to switches and sensors. Please see our POE brochure for more information. USAI Lighting works with all major PoE providers including:

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How is USAI becoming more Sustainable? We cherish our location on the shores of the Hudson River in New York’s beautiful Hudson Valley and seek to preserve the environment in which we live and work. We have integrated environmentally friendly policies into our organization and minimize the environmental impact of our own activities through sustainable goals: •

Reduce our carbon footprint by reusing the same space and improving it.

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Work toward improving overall building energy efficiency: replaced all windows, added new insulation, replaced all lighting with new LED versions.

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Incorporated energy star and energy efficient appliances.

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Green space added with landscaping for employees to get out of the office, see the river and Hudson Valley, get fresh air and be part of nature.

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Water filling stations added to reduce plastic bottles waste by 80%.

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Electric car charging station for employees.

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Usage of recycled computer paper and recycling of all paper to reduce paper impact on environment. 46

What is USAI doing to support Sustainability? USAI Lighting endeavors to become the first name in sustainable lighting products. On the project level •

Supply documentation for project transparency, and turn environmental issues into opportunities for change and growth with product support Living Building Challenge

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Support LEED inquiries with product data,

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Support WELL building projects with product data

On the product level •

Achieve Declare Labels and Red List Approved status on over 80% of lighting products shipped.

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Produce products with over 90% recyclable content and 6.5% or less landfill content

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Use 100% recycled and recyclable packaging materials

Glass / Wood House Architect: Kengo Kuma and John Black Lee

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Working with USAI Please provide the project information and lighting specification to your local USAI sales representative. We will work with you to fulfill all your project requirements.

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Glossary of Lighting Terms Color Properties

Lighting Design

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Color Rendering Index (CRI): A standard metric used to describe the effect of a light source on the color appearance of objects being illuminated, with a CRI of 100 as the maximum CRI possible. In general, a lower CRI (less than 80) indicates that some colors may appear unnatural when illuminated by the lamp. TM-30-15 is an alternative method that describes color rendering properties of light sources.

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Accent Light: A lighting technique that emphasizes a particular object or draws attention to a specific area by increasing light level contrast or color contrast on the subject illuminated. Typically achieved with adjustable luminaires.

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Correlated Color Temperature (CCT): Approximately describes the color appearance of white light in terms of warm vs. cool. CCT is measured in degrees Kelvin (K). A low color temperature (3000K and lower) describes a warm source, such as a typical incandescent lamp. A high color temperature (4000K and higher) describes a cool source, such as a fluorescent lamp.

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Ambient Light: Lighting that is designed to provide a uniform light level throughout an area.

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Adjustable Luminaire: A luminaire with the ability to be aimed in a specific direction through tilt and rotation mechanisms.

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Downlight: A luminaire that emits light in a downward direction, in an approximately symmetric cone of light. Sometimes referred to as a “Can Light”, “High-Hat”, or “Pot-Light”.

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Light: Scientifically, Light is visible electromagnetic radiation. Light is the messenger for humanity’s visible interaction with the surrounding world. Light reveals the environment, conveys information, regulates sleepwake cycles, and impacts mood.

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CIE Standard Chromaticity Diagram: A diagram in which the x and y chromaticity coordinates are plotted in rectangular coordinates. This diagram provides a concrete reference point with which to describe the chrominicity of a given light source. The diagram may be based on the CIE 1931 Standard Observer or the CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Observer. The 1931 diagram is most commonly used.

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MacAdam Ellipse: A metric to convey the perceivable amount of color shift away from a target x,y chromaticity coordinate. MacAdam Ellipses are referred to in “steps” which represents 1 standard deviation from the target. ANSI standards recommend that manufactures stay within a “4-step” MacAdam Ellipse.

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Spectral Power Distribution (SPD): A measurement that details the quantity of light emitted at each specific wavelength in the visible spectrum for a given light source. SPD measurements are used to calculate CCT, CRI, chromaticity coordinates and more.

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Wavelength: Distance from peak to peak of a waveform. For visible electromagnetic radiation (light), this is measured in nanometers. The visible light spectrum ranges from approximately 400-700 nanometers with blue & violet wavelengths at the lower end and red wavelengths at the upper end.

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Luminaire: A light fixture. Downlight, Adjustable and Wall Wash are all different types of luminaires.

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Spacing Criterion: A parameter for indoor light fixtures that is the estimated maximum ratio of fixture spacing to fixture mounting height above the work plane for a regular array of light fixtures that will result in an acceptably uniform illuminance on the work plane.

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Wall Wash (Technique): A technique that provides uniform light levels on a vertical surface that appears fairly even from top to bottom and side to side. Typically achieved with wall wash luminaires.

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Wall Wash (Fixture): A luminaire with a fixed asymmetric light distribution designed to distribute light evenly across the vertical surface of a wall.

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Measuring Light

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Cut Off Angle: The angle measured up from nadir, between the vertical axis and the first line of sight at which the light source is not visible. The shielding angle is the angle between the horizon line and the first line of sight of the light source.

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Delivered Lumens: The quantity of light emitted from a luminaire. A luminaire containing a 1000 lumen light source (these are the source lumens) that is 80% efficient will deliver 800 lumens.

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Efficacy: A metric describing how much light is delivered from a luminaire as a result of power consumption. Luminaire efficacy is typically reported in lumens per watt (lm/W).

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Footcandle: Imperial unit of illuminance which measures the amount of light reaching a surface. Equal to one lumen per square foot (lm/ft2). 1fc=10.76 lux.

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Beam: A cone of light emitted by a luminaire.

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Beam Angle: The point at which the intensity of a source drops to 50% of maximum (center reading)

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measured in degrees of the full angle (full width half maximum).

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Candela (cd): The measure of luminous intensity emitted by a light source in a given direction.

Illuminance: The density of light incident on a surface. Two common units used to measure illuminance are footcandles (lm/ft2) and lux (lm/m2).

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Light Output: Luminous flux, measured in lumens. The light output rating of a lamp is a measure of its total integrated light output. See also lumen.

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Lumen: The unit of measurement of the quantity of light produced by a source. A 60-watt incandescent lamp produces approximately 900 lumens.

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Luminance: The luminous intensity of a surface of a given projected area. Luminance is closely related to the brightness of an object. Units of luminance include footlamberts, candelas/m2, or nits. 1 cd/m2 = 1 nit = 0.292 fl.

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Center Beam Candlepower (CBCP): The luminous intensity (in candelas) of a light source measured at the center of its beam. For symmetric beams, this is usually the maximum intensity. Circadian Lighting: Light that has been discovered by researchers to impact biological responses in plants and animals through a nonvisual pathway. For humans, this response has evolved in response to the natural light dark cycle, which means human health and wellness can be optimized by exposure to light that mimics natural light. Natural light patterns provide exposure to high levels of short wavelength enriched light in the first part of the day and lower levels of light with reduced short wavelength content towards the end of the day, with darkness in the evenings.

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Lux: Standard international unit of illuminance which measures the amount of light reaching a surface. Equal to 1 lumen per square meter. 1 lux = 0.0929 fc.

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Light Sources & Technologies •

Diffusion: A translucent material placed in front of a light to soften highlights and shadows, reduce contrast and increase beam angle.

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Driver: Electronic device that acts as a power supply for an LED module, converting mains power to a specific current and voltage required to light a given LED. Constant current drivers maintain a constant current for the LED while varying voltage, and constant voltage drivers maintain a fixed voltage differential while allowing variable current based on load.

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Heatsink: A device, usually a thermally conductive metal mass, that dissipates heat away from sensitive electronic components such as the LED and driver. Light Engine: An integrated assembly of the components necessary to make an LED luminaire work, including LED packages or modules, drivers, and other optical, thermal, mechanical, and electrical components.

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Lamp Life: Also known as the average rated life, is the number of hours at which half of a large group of lamps have failed when operated under standard testing conditions.

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L70 (HOURS): Used to describe the LED’s expected light output over its stated life span. “L70” predicts when the LED will reach 70% of its initial lumen output, in number of hours. Typical L70 values for LED luminaires are 50,000 hrs or more.

Regulations, Standards & Energy Codes •

National Electrical Code (NEC): A regionally adoptable standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment in the UCE. It is part of the National Fire Code published by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The NEC is updated every three years.

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Underwriters Laboratory (UL): A global safety consulting and certification company that wrote the safety standard for lighting fixtures.Fixtures installed in the U.S. are required to pass testing certification to UL standards. UL is also one of several Nationally Recognized Test Laboratories (NRTLs) approved to perform safety testing by the U.S. federal agency Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). Other NRTLs include ETL and CSA.

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ASHRAE 90.1: Published by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, this standard is widely adopted throughout the US for minimum requirements for energy-efficient design. ASHRAE 90.1 is updated every three years, but adoption by different states and municipalities varies.

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Title 24: California’s Building Energy Efficiency Standards, which works in concert with Title 20, regulates various products and appliances. Lighting products used in residential projects in the state of California must meet “high efficacy lighting” standards as outlined in JA8 (Joint Appendix 8) and be listed in the California Energy Commission’s online database as JA8 compliant.

Sources: •

Lighting Research Center, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute: www.lrc.rpi.edu

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IES Handbook, 10th Edition.

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Questions?

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This concludes The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems Course. Authors: Jennifer Concepcion Miki Wang Melissa Cuomo

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