El Camino Real De Tierra Adentro: Five Waves of Settlers from 1598 - 1800 Source: Esquibel, J. A., Preston, C., & Preston, D. (1998). The people of the Camino Real: A geneological appendix. In The Royal Road: El Camino Real from Mexico City to Santa Fe. Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico. The family names listed below are part of the officially recognized colonizing expeditions by the Spanish Crown, as listed in the original records of the journeys. During the Colonial Period (1598-1821) there were five waves of colonization. Though others traveled El Camino, their names are not listed since no records were kept. The surnames and rich cultural heritage brought to New Mexico by these travelers of El Camino Real have survived more than 400 years, and can still be found in the lineages of people of Hispanic origin in present day New Mexico. Over time, some of the name/ surname combinations have dropped the first or last name and/or used a variation or combination of spelling. Abbreviations used in the table below: Nueva España: NE Nueva Galicia: NG Soldier: S

WAVE ONE – 1598 – Expedition Led by Juan de Oñate. 800 Españoles and Europeans, some Mexican Indians, and Blacks Born Either in the Iberian Peninsula or in the New World Name Archuleta Barela (variation of Varela - see below) Bernal Brito Cadimo Carvajal Cruz Durán de la Cruz

Place of Origin Eibar, Basque province of Guipazcoa

Canary Islands Salaícez de los Gallegos, Galicia, Spain Victoria, Ayotepe, NE Barcelona, Catalonia Valle de Toluca, NE

Griego Hinojos Jiménez López de Ocanto Luján Márquez Martín Serrano/Martínez Morán Pedrasa Pérez de Bustillo Robledo Romero Ruiz Cáceres Sánchez de Monroy Sosa Albornoz Valencia Varela/Varlea/Jamarillo

Greek Island of Crete Cartaya, Andalucía, Spain Andalucía, Spain México City, NE Isle of La Palma, Canary Islands San Lucar de Barrameda, Andalucía, Spain Zacatecas, NG Mora del Toro, Spain Cartaya, Andalucía, Spain México City, NE Maqueda, Castilla, La Mancha, Spain Corral de Almaguer, Castilla, La Mancha, Spain Isle of La Palma, Canary Islands México City, NE Xuchíl, NG Compostela, Galicia, Spain

WAVE TWO – 1600 – Expedition Led by Two of Oñate’s Finest Capitanes (unidentified) 65 Spaniards and their Servants. Name Capitán Cristobal Baca Don Pedro Gomes Durán y Chávez Alvaro García Holgado Juan de Herrera Juan López Holguín/Olguín y Villasana Bartolemé de Montoya

Place of Origin México City, NE Valverde de la Extremadura Unknown México City, NE, Fuente de Ovejuna, Extremadura, Spain Cantillana, Sevilla, Spain

Marriage Married Aoña Ana Oritz y Pacheco Married Isabel de Bohórquez Married Juana de los Reyes Married Ana López del Castillo Married to Catalina de Villanueva Married to Doña María de Zamora y Abarca.

ADDITIONAL SETTLERS – 1601-1680. Single Men who Married the Daughters of the First and Second Waves

Earliest Known Name Year in NM Abendaño By 1632 Arbizu/Albrizu 1623 Anaya/Almazán 1626 de Apodaca Gonzalez 1655 Candelaria 1680 Cisneros/Sisneros 1662 Dominguez de Mendoza About 1650 Fresquis/Fresquez/Fresques 1617 Gallegos 1677 Gamboa 1661 García de Noriega 1660 Gómez 1604 González Lobón/González Bas 1617 Guillén 1608 Gutiérrez 1626 Hurtado 1661 Jorge 1661 Leyba Nevares 1661 López 1680 López de Castillo 1628 López de García López Sombrano Lucero de Godoy Luna

1638 1642 1616 1654

Place of Origin Ciudad Rodrigo, Castilla, León, Spain

Marriage Married into López Holguín family

México City, NE

Married into Pérez de Bustillo family

México City, NE Flanders, Belgium Parral, Nueva Viscaya

Married into Durán y Chávez family

Zacatecas, NG Coina, near Lisbon, Portugal Portugal

Married into Baca family

Married into Robledo family Married into Carvajal and Greigo-Bernal families

Zacatecas, NG Valle de San Bartolomé, Nueva Viscaya

Married into Baca family Married into García Holgado family Married into Archuleta and Griego families

San Miguel, Culiacán, NG Mexico City, NE

Madrid/Madril Maese/Maes/Maez Manzanares y Sandoval Martín Barba Mestas/Maestas Miranda Mizquía Mondragón Montaño Morga

1603 1632 1636 1655 1636 1677 1637 1640 1632

Naranjo Nieto Pacheco Padilla Villaseñor Paredes Perea Pérez Granillo Ramírez de Salazar Rodríguez Sez/Sáiz/Sáez Salazar Hachero Sánchez de Iñigo Sedillo/Cedillo De la Serna Suazo Tapia Telles Jirón y Zapata Torres Trujillo Vera Zamora

1600 – 1643 1616 1628 1688 1662 1655 1617 1626 1642 1665 1625 By 1610 1669 1626 1646 1607 1660 1619 1632 1622 By 1680

Married into the Márquez family

Asturias, Spain Villa de Motrico, Guipazcoa, Spain

Married into the Griego-Bernal family

Married into the Cadimo family Queretaro, NE México City, NE

Married into the Montoya family

NG (surname passed on to New México families that came later) Villa de San Bartolomé, Nueva Vicaya

Querétaro, NE Married into the Luján family

Coyoacán, NE México, NE Tenerife, Canary Islands

WAVE THREE- 1693 Approximately 800 People from 70 Families. Also Included Widows, Orphans and Servants. Some of the families that had fled during the Pueblo Revolt to El Paso del Norte returned in this Wave. Name Beitia/Abeyta Benavides Crespín de la Cruz Fernández Valerio Palomino Rendón Ramos Sedillo de Salazar Valerio Fernández (see above) Velasco/Velázquez Velázquez

Place of Origin Durango, Nueva Viscaya Nombre de Dios, Nueva Viscaya Zacatecas, Nueva Viscaya Sombrerete, NG Sombrerete, NG Puerto de Santa María, Castilla Durango, NE Sombrerete, NG Durango, Nueva Viscaya Sombrerete, NG

WAVE FOUR – 1694 – Expedition Led by Capitán Cristobal Velasco and Fransico Farfán 60 Families, Legally Married, and of Good Character. Name

Place of Origin

Ansures Aragón Archibeque Arroyo Saygo Atienza/Atencio Betanzos Bustos/Paz Bustillos

Puebla de Los Angeles, NE México City, NE Bayonne, France México City, NE Puebla de los Angeles, NE México City, NE México City, NE

Cárdenas Casados/Casaus-Cádiz Castellanos Chirinos Martínez de Cervante Cortés del Castillo Espíndola García Jurado García de la Riva Godines Góngora Gurulé Jaramillo Negrete Jirón de Tejada Lardón de Guevara Márquez de Ayala Mascareñas Molina Mosquera Moreno de Trujillo Moya Ortiz Quintana Rincón de Guemes Rodríguez Salas Sandoval Sena Silva de Valdéz Vallejos/Valleo González Vega y Coca Velázquez Cortez

Puebla de los Angeles, NE Andalucía, Spain México City, NE México City, NE Puebla de los Angeles, NE Langón, Aragón México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE La Rochelle, France México City, NE México City, NE Osuna, Castilla Celaya, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE Santa María la Real de Nueva, Castilla, León, Spain Puebla de los Angeles, NE México City, NE México City, NE México City, NE Oviedo, Asturias, Spain Acazingo, NE México City, NE México City, NE

FIFTH WAVE – 1695 – Expedition Led by Cápitan Juan Páez Hurtado 98 People, Comprised of 25 Families and 21 Individuals. Name Place of Origin Aguliar Valle of Toluca, NE Arellano Villa de Augascalientes, NE Cruz San Luis Potosí, NE Durán y Armijo Zacatecas, NE Espinosa/Espinoza Villa de los Lagos, NG Lobato/Lovato Sombrerete, NG Montes/Monteza (branch of the Montez Vigil family – see below) Olivas Sombrerete, NG Quirós Puesto de Covadango, NG Ribera/Rivera El Puerto de Santa María, Andalucía, Spain Rodarte Llerena, NG Sierra Querétaro, NE Vigil/Vijil Montes Zacatecas, NG

SOLDIERS, SETTLERS AND OTHERS – 1692-1696 No Information on Who Led the Colonization Efforts and the Number of People Who Came Name Alderete Armenta Avila Díaz Blea Carrillo Casías/Casillas Contreras

Other Information Soldier

Soldier

Place of Origin Talpujagua, NE Origin uncertain, possibly Puebla de los Angles, NE Sombretete, NG Puebla de los Angles, NE Jerez, NE

Soldier

San Luis Potosí, NE

Soldier

Córdova Fajado Fernández de la Pedrera Flores Garduño Giltoméy Guerrero de la Mora Hernández López Gallardo Medina Montes de Oca Muñiz Ojeda Ortega Páez/Páes/Pais Hurtado Palomino Rendón Peláez Peña Pineda de la Mora Rael de Aguliar Ramírez Rodríguez Romero Cruz Roybal de Torrado Santisteban Segura Tafoya Altamirano Ulibarri/Rubalí Valensuela Vargas Machuca Vásquez de Lara Villalpando/Vialpando

Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier

México City, NE Origin unknown Mondeñdeo, Galicia, Spain Parras, Coahuila Querétaro, NE Manila, Philippine Islands Samora, NE

Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier

Querétaro, NE Durango, Nueva Viscaya Zacatecas, NE Celaya, NE

Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier

Zacatecas, NG Villafranca de los Palacios, Andalucía, Spain Puerto de Santa María, Andalucía, Spain Villanueva, Austrias, Spain Zacatecas, NG Sombrerete, NG Lorca, Murcia, Spain. Came to El Paso del Norte by 1689 Zacatecas, NG Guinea, Africa. Came to El Paso del Norte by 1689 México City, NE Caldas de Reyes, Galicia México City, NE Cusihuiriachic, Nueva Vizcaya Talpujagua, NE Mexico City, NE Zacatecas, NG Origin unknown Villa de los Lagos, NG La Villa de León, Castilla-Leon Spain

Military Drummer Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier Soldier

SOLDIERS AND SETTLERS – 1697-1800 No Information on Who Led the Colonization Efforts and the Number of People Who Came

Name Other Information Abreau Aguero/De Aguero Alrí/Alarid Alire/Aliri Angel Argruello Soldier Arteaga/Artiaga Bachicha Baldonado/ Maldonado Butiérrez/ Gutiérrez Vázquez Borrego Soldier Bueno (branch of the Villalpando family) Bustamante Campos Rendondo Soldier Del Castillo Alvarez Castro De la Cerda/Serda Chacón Corís/Coríz Delgado Encina/Enciñas/Encinias Escudero Esquibel/Esquivel Estrada Febre/Febro Fragaso Soldier

Earliest Known Year in NM 1795 1708 1740 1728 1749 1716 1761 1740 1754 1733 1751 1728 1777 By 1750 1705 1721 1716 1750 1778 1757 1751 1697 1749 1756

Place of Origin Cataluña Zacatecas, NG Frenchman from Canada México City, NE Zacatecas, NG México City, NE European

Toluca, NE Aranda de Duero, Castilla-Léon, Spain México City, NE Zacatecas, NG Valladolid, Michoacán, NE

Pacuca, NE

México City, NE Frenchman from New Orleans, Louisiana Guadalajara, NE

Gabaldón Galves/Galavéz Gaóna/Gaana García de la Mora

1731 1753 1750 1735

Guerrero Soldier Gutiérrez García Horcasitas Jácquez Jiménez Labadie/Lavadie/Labadía Larrañaga Military Surgeon Leal León Maldonado Manchego Mares Marmalejo Miera y Pacheco de Mirabal Montes/Belmontes Mora Moreno Muñoz Nuánez/Noánez/Nuñez Ocaña Olona Otero (branch of the Durán y Chávez/ family) de la Peña Peralta Pino Merchant Prada Soldier Rendón Soldier, Interpreter of Indian languages

1752 1755 1732 1754 1728 1776 1775 1752 1747 1754 1790 1716 1763 1756 1734 1796

Valle de Carriendo, near Burgos, Spain Spain El Real de Santa Rosa

1732

Spain

1731 1785 1773 1759 1783

Aragón, Spain

1747 1787 1771

Puebla de Los Angeles, NE

Villa de Pozuelo de Almargo, Castilla la Mancha, Spain Aragón, Spain

San Juan del Río France

México City, NE México City, NE Chihuahua, Nueva Viscaya

Riba/Riva/Rivas Sánez de Garvisu Sánchez Bañuelos Santillanes Saavadera/Savedra Senteno Solano y Castro Terrus Toledo Trebo Navarro Troncoso Uríoste Urbán Valverde Vargas Varos/Baros Vázquez Velarde Villegas Vitón Yrisarry/Irizarry Yturietta/Turietta

Soldier

Soldier, Interim governor of NM Soldier

1763 1743 1719 1774 1772 1759 1763 1734 1796 1790 1727 1728

1770 1715 1725 1785 1731 By 1780 1763

El Real Santa Eulalia, Nueva Viscaya Spain Zacatecas, NG

Querétaro, NE México City, NE Vique, Cataluña

México City

Muriedas, Asturias, Spain Puebla de los Angeles, NE Spain