IRISH NICOLE MENDOZA

PT IN EALS

MINERALS THAT

ROCKS

ROCKS AND MINERALS

OBJECTIVE: To create a magazine for deeper knowledge about the given rocks and minerals and to know its uses in our everyday living.

The BEAUTY OF ROCKS AND MINERALS

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

R O C K

SANDSTONE

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed of sand-size grains of mineral, rock, or organic material. It also contains a cementing material that binds the sand grains together and may contain a matrix of silt- or clay-size particles that occupy the spaces between the sand grains.

Sandstone is one of the most common types of sedimentary rock, and it is found in sedimentary basins throughout the world. The gray and white grains are mostly quartz, the black grains are particles of impure coal and s shale, and the brown material is stained clay materials that probably formed when feldspar grains in the sandstone were broken down by weathering. A specimen of sandstone approximately two inches (five centimeters) across.

-Gray Sandstone-

EXAMPLES OF SANDSTONE

a mixture of dark and light grains and usually not hard as other kind of sandstones

-Crystallized Sandstones-

white and sugary , very hard and brittle

USES OF SANDSTONES

Use of sandstone in balconies Use of sandstone in glassmaking Use of sandstone in bathroom walls Use of sandstone in statues and sculpture Use of sandstone in kitchen counter tops.

-Hard Sandstones-

-Carbonate Cemented Sandstones-

Have characteristics intermediate between gray sandstones and crystallized sandstones

relatively rare

OTHER FACTS ABOUT SANDSTONE Sandstone is created by either wind or water, it is often called a “stone of creativity”. It strengthens relationships within groups, both at home and the workplace . A cheerful stone, Sandstone keeps those annoying tantrums and mood swings under control.

Stone OF CREATIVITY

R O C K

SEDIMENTARY ROCK TYPES OF LIMESTONE

LIMESTONE

CHALK

Chalk is a friable limestone with a very fine texture, and it is easily crushed or crumbled. It is usually white or light gray in color.

TRAVERTINE

is a sedimentary rock composed primarily of calcite, a calcium carbonate mineral with a chemical composition of CaCO3. It usually forms in clear, calm, warm, shallow marine waters. Most limestones form in calm, clear, warm, shallow marine waters. is a variety of limestone that forms where geothermally heated alkaline water, supercharged with dissolved gases and minerals, emerges at the surface.

Limestone is forming in the Caribbean Sea, Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, around Pacific Ocean islands, and within the Indonesian archipelago. Most limestones have a granular texture. Their constituent grains range in size from 0.001 mm (0.00004 inch) to visible particles. In many cases, the grains are microscopic fragments of fossil animal shells.

TUFA

is a porous limestone produced by precipitation of calcium carbonate from the waters of a hot spring or other body of surface water that has the ability to precipitate volumes of calcium carbonate.

OTHER ABOUT LIMESTONE FACTS

USES

When limestone forms, it does so in underwater. While under, bits and pieces of stones and dead animals and pieces of dead animals fuse together, and harden, and voila! You’ve got limestone.

OF

LIMESTONES

Steel manufacturing Mining Paper Production Water Treatment and Purification Plastic production

Limestone is Also Good for People

Many sodas and antacid tablets that we take for heartburn contain the active ingredient calcium carbonate, which is mined from limestone. Remember that you’re eating a rock to settle your stomach.

QUARTZ

M I N E R A L If found in crystals, quartz always has a hexagonal crosssection like that of a common pencil.

Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon and oxygen, with a chemical composition of SiO2. It is the 2nd most abundant mineral in Earth's crust and is resistant to both chemical and physical weathering.

Hardness 7 on the Mohs scale, scratching ordinary glass and all types of steel Almost always clear or white Most examples of quartz are clear, frosted, or found as milkywhite grains of small size that don't display crystal faces.

2nd MOST ABUNDANT MINERAL EXAMPLES OF QUARTZ ROSE QUARTZ

AMETHYST

one of the many quartz varieties used as a gem material. It gets its name from its delicate pink color.

is a violet variety of quartz. It's the gem that's most commonly associated with the color purple.

AVENTURINE

CITRINE the transparent, pale yellow to brownish orange variety of quartz—is rare in nature.

USES OF QUARTZ

Jewelry and gemstones Glassmaking Watches and Clocks Foundry Materials Refractory Industry Abrasives Petroleum Industry Kitchen Countertops

Sharpening tools Crucibles Electronics Filler Ceramic Industry Tripoli Synthetic Crystals

OTHER FACTS ABOUT QUARTZ

most commonly used minerals in the making of jewelry and

hardstone carvings

#7

ON THE MOHS SCALE OF HARDNESS

METAMORPHIC ROCK

M

arble is a metamorphic rock that forms when limestone is subjected to the heat and pressure of metamorphism. It is composed primarily of the mineral calcite (CaCO3) and usually contains other minerals, such as clay minerals, micas, quartz, pyrite, iron oxides, and graphite.

MARBLE

The transformation of limestone into marble usually occurs at CONVERGENT PLATE BOUNDARIES where large areas of Earth's crust are exposed to the heat and pressure of regional metamorphism.

R O C K The word "marble" Marble is usually a lightderives from the colored rock. When it is Ancient Greek formed from a limestone with very few impurities, it μάρμαρον (mármaron), [2] from μάρμαρος will be white in color. (mármaros), Marble that contains impurities such as clay Crystalline minerals, iron oxides, or rock, shining bituminous material can be stone bluish, gray, pink, yellow, or black in color.

USES OF MARBLE

Marbles are used principally for: buildings and monuments interior decoration statuary table tops novelties

OTHER FACTS ABOUT MARBLE

Marble is Hypoallergenic because it is a dense material Marble does not absorb energy or heat quickly, making it quite resistant to heat.

OTHER FACTS highly stable, chemically ABOUT inert, odorless white It is the world's Talc powder. softest mineral. M I N E R A L

USES OF TALC

TALC

Paper making

Talc enhances printability of the finished paper by improving important characteristics such as scuff resistance, ink gloss and optimum ink transfer.

Plastic The use of talc improves the specific characteristics of plastics

Paint and coatings

Talc increases coverage and weather resistance of the products.

Rubber

Talc is smooth and slippery. This is why, it is used as a lubricant. As such, it is used to dust moulds, apply between sheets of rubber or apply on surface of any rubber product to prevent stickiness.

Electric cable

Talc is used in cables because it not only absorbs moisture, but also serves as a separating agent and lubricant.

Pharmaceuticals

In the pharmaceutical industry, talc is used primarily as a glidant to improve powder flow in tablet compression.

Cosmetics

Talc may be used in products to absorb moisture, prevent caking, improve consistency, or to make a product opaque

Is a clay mineral, composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. Talc, common silicate mineral that is distinguished from almost

all other minerals by its extreme softness

#1

ON THE MOHS SCALE OF HARDNESS

known as

Soapstone because it's soapy and greasy

Talc is translucent to opaque, with colors ranging from whitish grey to green with a vitreous and pearly luster. Talc is not soluble in water, and is slightly soluble in dilute mineral acids.

EXAMPLES OF TALC THAT CAN BE FOUND IN YOUR HOME

SANDSTONE

LIMESTONE

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

G L A S S

QUARTZ

MINERALIGNEOUS ROCK

C H A L K

SEDIMENTARY ROCK

T I L E S

METAMORPHIC ROCK

MARBLE



TALC

GLASS IN WATCHES

MINERALMETAMORPHIC ROCK

C O S M E T I C S