Midterm Test

Name

: Saida Lestari

Student ID

: 2201011

Course

: Curriculum Development

Lecturer

: Abdul Azis, M.Pd

Day and date : Tuesday, 16th May 2023

1. Explain the meaning of curriculum according to education experts and provide conclusions based on these experts. Answer: Inlow (1966) stated that “Curriculum is something specifically designed to be used to guide students in obtaining learning outcomes from predetermined learning”. According to UU No. 20 Tahun 2003, “Kurikulum merupakan seperangkat rencana & sebuah pengaturan berkaitan dengan tujuan, isi, bahan ajar & cara yang digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam penyelenggaraan kegiatan pembelajaran untuk mencapai sebuah tujuan pendidikan nasional”. Based on Unruh (1984) “Curriculum is defined as a plan for achieving intended learning outcomes: a plan concerned with purposes, with what is to be learned, and with the result of instruction”. The definition of curriculum according to Kerr, J.F (1968) is all learning that is designed and carried out individually or in groups, both at school and outside of school. Olivia (1997), said that “ We may think of the curriculum as a program, a plan, content, and learning experiences, whereas we may characterize instruction as methods, the teaching act, implementation, and presentation”. From reading several definitions of the curriculum, it turns out that the curriculum has quite a broad meaning. The word “curriculum” is defined in various ways by experts, but they have the common meaning. Based on the definitions of the curriculum above, it can be stated that as a program, plan or design that is used by teachers as a guide for learning activities of students, both individually and in groups, at school and outside of school, in order to achieve the national education goals that have been set.

2. Mention 2 curriculums that you know about the curriculum has existed in Indonesia and explain the differences between the two. Answer: The curriculum in Indonesia has changed and developed over time. There are several curriculum that have been implemented in Indonesia. I will only discuss the different between 2 curriculums, as follows: • KTSP Curriculum (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pelajaran) 2006 KTSP (Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan) is an operational curriculum that is designed and implemented at each educational institution (school). In KTSP 2006, the central government sets competency standards and basic competencies. Teachers are required to be able to develop their own syllabus and assessment according to the conditions of the school and their area. In KTSP 2006: • Assessment is more focused on aspects of knowledge. • TIK (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) or ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is included as part of the school subjects. • Scouting is not a compulsory extracurricular. • High school majors begin in the second grade. • Curriculum 2013 The 2013 curriculum is modified as an improvement from the previous curriculum. This curriculum is a substitute for the KTSP curriculum. Curriculum 2013 has three aspects of assessment, namely aspects of knowledge, aspects of skills, and aspects of attitudes and behavior. The 2013 curriculum is an integrated form of work between the reconstruction of passing grade competencies, appropriateness and adequacy, expansion, advancement of material, learning revolution and evaluation reform. In curriculum 2013: • The assessment standard uses authentic assessment, which measures all attitudes, skills and knowledge competencies based on processes and results. • Teachers assess students' work processes, not just their work. • TIK (Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi) or ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is not as a subject, but as a learning medium. • Scouting is compulsory extracurricular. • Majoring in high school starts from the first grade of high school. • Students were asked to be more active, to increase student creativity. Students are invited to observe, ask, process, reason, create, present and conclude.

3. Mention and explain at least 2 curriculums foundations that you know. Answer: • Sociological and Cultural Foundation Sociology is a science that studies social life that focuses on society, human social behavior, patterns of social relations, social interaction, and cultural aspects related to everyday social life. Meanwhile, according to KBBI, culture is a way of life and habits that are owned by a person or a certain community, then passed down from generation to generation. In this case, students are faced with human culture, nurtured, and developed according to their cultural values to become cultured human beings (Susilana, et al. 2006). Therefore, the goals, content and process of education must be adapted to the conditions, characteristics, wealth and developments that exist in that society. The values obtained during the learning process must be in accordance with the values that develop in order to build a good life in society. If students have completed their education, then they can implement their learning outcomes in the surrounding environment in accordance with social life. • Science and Technology Foundation Curriculum development is not only based on culture, psychology, but also various aspects. One of them is the development of technology, due to changing times and needs. In the beginning, human science and technology was still very simple, but over time through the knowledge and experiments that were carried out, it began to experience rapid development. Various inventions are increasingly new and advanced, and it is also likely continue to grow in the future. In learning, students are prepared to face changes that are increasingly rapid and perhaps difficult to predict, which include changes in science and technology. A curriculum that is developed without paying attention to culture or community values will create human resources that cannot build life. It is expected that students can become quality human beings and understand problems in society, and can provide solutions. Education is expected to form people who are skilled and reliable in implementing the knowledge that has been learned. Curriculum development that is in accordance with social needs, science and technology must be arranged as well as possible, so that we can build a better life.

4. In the process of implementing education curriculum has a very important role, explain why? Answer: Because, the curriculum is a plan or program in the learning process that must be undertaken and completed by students in organizing learning activities, in order to achieve the national learning goals that have been set.

reated and designed by

Educational Institutions, which are then used as guidelines by teachers in the learning process. A curriculum that is well structured and adapted to the needs of their respective times will achieve the target, but if it is not appropriate, students will not achieve the desired learning target.

“The roots of education are bitter, but the fruit is sweet.” – Aristotle